作者: Caroicar, Yash Satish ; Jani, Het Tushar ; Dwivedi, Ayush ; Rawat, Akash ; Patil, Kashyapi ; Ribeiro da Costa, Rafael Everton Assunção ; Manickavelan, Hari Vorappan ; Said, Adam Sheikh ; Panjabi, Chandramani ; Beniwal, Shreya Singh ; Desai, Arusha ; Cacas, Alyanna Cabe

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that has been recognized as a significant public health concern worldwide. An imbalance between the protective oral microbiota and numerous oral pathogens has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Periodontitis not only impacts an individual’s oral health but also has systemic implications. The pathogenesis of periodontitis and these respiratory infections has been shown to be intricately linked. Numerous clinical research and animal studies have highlighted that the oral health of a population is closely related to their systemic health. It has been suggested that the periodontal pockets can act as a reservoir for oral pathogens, which can later migrate into the respiratory tract through aspiration or systemic circulation. This is a narrative review conducted after a wide literature search on databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar with keywords including “Periodontitis,” “Respiratory,” “Infections,” “Tuberculosis,” ‘COVID-19’, “Pneumonia,” “Asthma,” and “COPD” published in the last 15 years. The cornerstone of this comprehensive review lies in deciphering the pathogenesis and epidemiology of periodontitis and how these periodontal bacteria contribute to respiratory infections through numerous biological mechanisms, inflammatory pathways, and the potential pathways of infection transmission. We also explore the empirical evidence through research studies supporting the periodontitis–respiratory infections link and also studies with conflicting or inconclusive results. By connecting the dots between this crucial oral–systemic link, we hope to uncover the gaps in the current research and find new avenues for developing cost-effective, targeted, transformative preventive and therapeutic strategies that will not only improve oral health but will also support respiratory health and help reduce the global burden of respiratory infections. Strengthening oral hygiene programs could reduce the burden of respiratory diseases, particularly in elderly and high-risk populations.

2026-01-13·Cureus Journal of Medical Science

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Defining the Golden Period

Article

作者: Periyasamy, Karthik ; Pon Chidambaram, M ; Govindaraj Raman, Senthilkumaran ; Uthirapthy, Aravindan ; Rengasamy, Sudhagar

Background/aims Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed within the first week of acute cholecystitis (AC) is generally regarded as safe and effective, while delayed surgery is often recommended for unresolved or complicated cases. This study assessed perioperative outcomes of LC performed during the first week versus two to six weeks following symptom onset. Methods This prospective observational comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care center from January 2021 to December 2024 using data from a prospectively maintained database. Patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who underwent LC within six weeks of symptom onset were included. Patients with acalculous cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, spreading peritonitis, or cholecystoenteric/choledochoenteric fistula and emergency open cholecystectomy were excluded. Patients were categorized into Group A (surgery within one week) and Group B (surgery between two and six weeks). Operative duration, conversion to open cholecystectomy, postoperative morbidity, and hospital stay were analyzed. Results Among 121 patients, 69 underwent early LC (Group A) and 52 underwent intermediate LC (Group B). Bile leak occurred in 10.1% and 21.2% of cases, respectively (p = 0.057). Mean operative time and subtotal cholecystectomy rates were comparable between groups. The mean duration of hospital stay was approximately 5-6 days (5.68 ± 1.79 days in Group A and 6.21 ± 1.65 days in Group B). Conclusions Intermediate LC represents a safe and practical alternative when early surgery is not feasible, provided appropriate patient selection and meticulous surgical technique are ensured. Early LC should remain the treatment of choice whenever feasible, given its well-established benefits of shorter hospital stay, fewer recurrent biliary events, and lower overall costs.

2025-12-01·Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery

An Overview of Vaginoplasty Techniques: Spotlight on the Efficacy of the Horseshoe Labia Minora Flap

Article

作者: Philip, Manimegala ; Muthachari, Sugumar ; Begum, Rasheedha ; Kandasamy, Mahadevan ; Shanmugam, Sridevi

Abstract:

Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome involves vaginal agenesis and variable uterine development, often accompanied by renal, skeletal, and auditory anomalies. The primary objective of treatment is to reconstruct a neovagina that closely resembles the natural anatomy, enabling normal sexual function. This study evaluates various vaginoplasty techniques performed at our institution and their outcomes.This retrospective study, conducted from January 2012 to January 2024, includes patients who underwent different types of vaginoplasty, including the McIndoe, Singapore flap, islanded pudendal flap, labia minora flap, and horseshoe modification of the labia minora flap. Procedures were chosen based on clinical examination. Outcomes were assessed using an institutional scoring system evaluating vaginal length, introitus diameter, neovaginal skin quality, and pain during intercourse.Twenty patients of primary vaginal agenesis (aged 18–27) diagnosed clinically and confirmed with pelvic MRI underwent vaginoplasty by the same surgical team. One (14.28%) patient of the McIndoe procedure experienced graft contracture, which was released and regrafted, while another (14.28%) had partial graft loss managed conservatively. No significant complications occurred in the remaining patients. All used a postoperative vaginal mould for three months. The average follow-up period was 18 months, with neovaginal length ranging from 6 to 10 cm.The horseshoe modification of the labia minora flap offers a reliable, effective approach for vaginal reconstruction in cases of MRKH syndrome. This technique fulfils the basic tenets of plastic surgery, namely the restoration of form and function. The simplicity of the procedure and relatively short learning curve render it an attractive flap option even for the novice plastic surgeon.

项与 Stanley Medical College 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-04-02

·PRNewswire

The Inner Circle acknowledges Antony Jackson Arumairaj, MD as a Top Pinnacle Physician

JERSEY CITY, N.J., April 2, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Prominently featured in The Inner Circle, Antony Jackson Arumairaj, MD is acknowledged as a Top Pinnacle Physician for his contributions as a Distinguished Internal Medicine Specialist. Continue Reading Antony Jackson Arumairaj, MD Dr. Arumairaj, a highly accomplished and respected specialist in Internal Medicine, has been making significant contributions to the field through his work with NYC Health+ Hospitals, the nation's largest municipal health system. Since 2018, Dr. Arumairaj has been affiliated with NYC Health+ Hospitals, where he serves as an attending physician and also holds the position of Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at New York Medical College since 2021. In this capacity, he not only provides exceptional patient care but also plays a pivotal role in teaching and mentoring medical students. Dr. Arumairaj's specialization in Internal Medicine encompasses a wide range of responsibilities, including patient evaluations, accurate diagnoses, the development of comprehensive treatment plans, ongoing patient monitoring, follow-up care, and patient education. His dedication to the well-being of his patients and commitment to medical education make him a valuable asset to the healthcare community. Educated and trained on multiple continents, Dr. Arumairaj's career journey is marked by his passion for medicine and relentless pursuit of excellence. He graduated from the PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in India with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery in 2005. Subsequently, he completed his residency in Anesthesiology at Stanley Medical College in India in 2009. Dr. Arumairaj's career path led him to engage in research projects in India, Australia, and the United States during his medical education. His dedication to Critical Care Medicine was evident during his Internship in India, where he received recognition for his excellence in Anesthesiology. He further honed his skills by training in Internal Medicine with the Royal Australasian College of Physicians from 2010 to 2014 and in Emergency Medicine with the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine from 2014 to 2018 in Australia. After relocating to the United States, his ambition is to establish a career in Pulmonary Critical Care and clinical research. Looking ahead, Dr. Arumairaj has ambitious plans for his future in the medical field. He aims to complete his Pulmonary Critical Care fellowship and become an Attending Physician at a university hospital. His vision includes active engagement in research activities, with the goal of publishing his work in the United States and globally. In addition to his clinical and academic pursuits, Dr. Arumairaj maintains memberships in several prestigious professional organizations, including the American Medical Association, American College of Physicians, Society of Critical Care Medicine, American Thoracic Society, and the American College of Chest Physicians. His commitment to the medical field extends to his volunteer work, which has included contributions to a blood donation group in India and the Australian Red Cross, particularly following the 2004 tsunami in India. Contact: Katherine Green, 516-825-5634, [email protected] SOURCE The Inner Circle

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