Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences

Recurrent Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngotonsillitis infection in children presents a significant health concern, characterized by frequent episodes of sore throat, fever, and swollen tonsils. These recurrent infections can lead to missed school days, discomfort, and potential complications if left untreated. Current treatment typically involves antibiotics to eradicate the bacterial infection. However, drawbacks exist with this approach, including the risk of antibiotic resistance, disruption of the gut microbiota, and potential adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions. Moreover, antibiotics do not prevent future episodes and may contribute to recurrent infections by disrupting the balance of the throat microbiome. Therefore, there is a growing interest in alternative approaches such as probiotics, which aim to support the body's natural defenses and restore microbial balance in the throat and oral cavity.

Streptococcus salivarius K12, an oral probiotic strain, has emerged as a promising tool in promoting oral health. Found naturally in the mouth, S. salivarius K12 works by establishing itself in the oral cavity and producing antimicrobial compounds, such as bacteriocins, including salivaricin A2 (SalA2) and the 2,740-Da salivaricin B (SboB) lantibiotics, which inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria including Streptococcus pyogenes. By maintaining a healthy balance of oral microbiota, this probiotic may help prevent common oral health issues such as bad breath, throat infections, and tooth decay. While further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms and efficacy, S. salivarius K12 holds potential as a natural and safe adjunct to oral hygiene practices for promoting overall oral health and hygiene.

Vitamin B12, a vital nutrient, plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency in B12 can lead to anemia, neurological symptoms such as tingling or numbness, and cognitive impairment. Oral B12 supplementation serves as an effective strategy to address B12 deficiency, especially for individuals with limited dietary intake or absorption issues. Regular B12 supplementation can help restore body B12 levels, alleviate deficiency-related symptoms, and support overall health and well-being.