Changzhou University

When the railway tanker is loaded with oil, oil vapor will escape from the manhole, resulting in a certain degree of oil loss.Currently, there are limitations in effectively verifying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations under realistic conditions.In this study, we propose a new VOF gradient method based on sharp interfaces and establish a model for oil evaporationThe CFD simulation was validated through experiments, and the study of oil evaporation loss in the railway tanker under different loading speeds, temperatures, and initial oil vapor mass fraction was conducted using the validated CFD model.The results indicate that higher loading speed and temperature lead to faster evaporation of oil, while higher temperature results in a significant increase in the saturated concentration of oil vapor.Addnl., a higher initial mass fraction of oil vapor leads to a lower evaporation rate of oil.The results showed that temperature has the most significant impact on oil evaporation loss; the oil evaporation loss rate (η) is 0.396‰-1.299‰, the loading evaporation loss rate (η′) is 0.345‰ -1.142‰, and the gas-liquid ratio (λ) is 1.107-1.228 at the temperature of 278 K to 308 K. η at 278 K is 0.797‰ lower than that at 308 K.This study offers important theor. support for reducing oil evaporation loss and controlling air pollution, thereby contributing to the promotion of green development in the petroleum and petrochem. industry.

In order to cost-effectively remove carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from secondary effluent (SE), a lab-scale denitrifying filter (DF) for generating biogenic manganese oxides (BMOs) was constructed, and its influent was the mixture of real SE and secondary influent (SI).When NH⁺₄-N in the influent rose to around 3.2 mg/L with the improvement of the SI ratio, the effluent COD, filtered total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) were 7.80, 0.63 and 0.014 mg/L with the corresponding removal rate (CRR) of 84.72 %, 97.17 % and 95.15 %, resp.The refractory organics were oxidized and hydrolyzed to biodegradable organics, providing carbon source, and the residual organics were hardly further removed, owing to their extremely poor biodegradability.N was synergistically removed by denitrification coupled with partial-denitrification anammox (PDA), which was confirmed by the fact that the contribution rate of PDA to TN removal was 30.43 % and removing 1 mg TN actually consumed 2.02 mg COD.P was mainly removed by reacting with Mn²⁺ from the influent or BMOs reduction to form chem. precipitation (Mn₃(PO₄)₂).The presence of the main functional bacteria (manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB), anammox, denitrifying and hydrolytic bacteria) and the main functional genes further explained the efficient C, N and P removal and clarified the advanced C, N and P removal mechanism.This novel technique removed C, N and P with extremely high efficiency, extremely low operational cost and no secondary pollution.

Recent advancements in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction have garnered significant interest, focusing on the harnessing of renewable solar energy to transform CO₂ into valuable chem. products.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates in this field due to their exceptional structural and photochem. properties as well as their remarkable CO₂ capture capabilities.Despite the growing attention, current photocatalysts face several limitations that hinder their widespread application.A compelling strategy to overcome these challenges involves the incorporation of amino groups into the MOF structure.This modification can significantly enhance the catalytic performance of MOFs under visible light by improving CO₂ reduction efficiency through several mechanisms.Specifically, amino functional groups boost the photocatalytic CO₂ capabilities through increasing light absorption, promoting the separation of charge carriers, and providing active sites, thereby improving efficiency, selectivity, and CO₂ adsorption capacity.This review presents the latest research advancements on amino-functionalized pristine MOFs, amino-functionalized MOFs composites, as well as their derivatives in photocatalytic CO₂ reductionIt discusses the unique advantages offered of amino-functionalized MOFs in this area and highlights their potential applications in future sustainable energy production and carbon capture technologies.The findings presented herein underscore the promising opportunities afforded by amino-functionalized MOFs in advancing photocatalytic CO₂ reduction efforts.