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作者: Saraswat, Vivek A. ; Kulkarni, Anand V. ; Shrestha, Ananta ; Abbas, Zaigham ; Sargsyan, Violeta A. ; Payawal, Diana A. ; Jia, Jidong ; Jha, Ashish K. ; Rela, Mohamed ; Treeprasertsuk, Sombat ; Mohan Prasad, Virukalpatti G. ; Patwa, Ajay K. ; Singh, Virendra ; Arora, Vinod ; Singh, Ayaskant ; Midha, Vandana ; Tan, Seok S. ; Butt, Amna S. ; Ghazinyan, Hasmik ; Maharshi, Sudhir ; Mahtab, Mamun A. ; Yuen, Man F. ; Kedarisetty, Chandan K. ; Behera, Sanatan ; Panackel, Charles ; Shiha, Gamal E. ; Karim, Fazal ; Jafri, Wasim ; Kim, Dong J. ; Sood, Ajit ; Hamid, Saeed S. ; Prasad, Babita ; Mandot, Ameet ; Sachdeva, Sanjeev ; Arora, Anil ; Kumar, Ashish ; Goyal, Omesh ; Rajaram, Ruveena B. ; Yattoo, Ghulam N. ; Xin, Shaojie ; Choudhury, Ashok ; Dadhich, Sunil ; Hu, Jinhua ; Thanapirom, Kessarin ; Taneja, Sunil ; Zhongping, Duan ; Ning, Qin ; Alam, Shahinul ; Kamani, Lubna ; Yaghi, Cesar ; Saigal, Sanjiv ; Saraya, Anoop ; Maghade, Ravikiran ; Shukla, Akash ; Chen, Tao ; Dayal, Vishwa M. ; Eapen, Chundamanni E. ; Lee, Guan H. ; Duseja, Ajay ; Kalista, Kemal F. ; Dokmeci, Abdul K. ; Gani, Rino A. ; Goel, Ashish ; Sharma, Praveen ; Pati, Girish K. ; Saithanyamurthi, Hemamala V. ; Rao, Padaki N. ; Verma, Nipun ; Chowdhury, Debashis ; Huang, Chien H. ; Elbasiony, Mohamed ; Sollano, Jose D. ; Jothimani, Dinesh Kumar ; Sarin, Shiv K. ; Koshy, Abraham ; Kumar, Ajay ; Rathi, Pravin M. ; Mukewar, Saurabh S. ; Devarbhavi, Harshad ; Lesmana, Rinaldi C. ; Lau, George K.
INTRODUCTION:The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its complication, MAFLD-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (MAFLD-ACLF), is rising. Yet, factors determining patient outcomes in MAFLD-ACLF remain understudied.METHODS:Patients with MAFLD-ACLF were recruited from the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC registry). The diagnosis of MAFLD-ACLF was made when the treating unit had identified the etiology of chronic liver disease as MAFLD (or previous nomenclature such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-cirrhosis). Patients with coexisting other etiologies of chronic liver disease (such as alcohol, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, etc.) were excluded. Data were randomly split into derivation (n = 258) and validation (n = 111) cohorts at a 70:30 ratio. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Only the baseline clinical, laboratory features and severity scores were considered.RESULTS:The derivation group had 258 patients; 60% were male, with a mean age of 53. Diabetes was noted in 27% and hypertension in 29%. The dominant precipitants included viral hepatitis (hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus, 32%), drug-induced injury (drug-induced liver injury, 29%), and sepsis (23%). Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) and AARC scores on admission averaged 32 ± 6 and 10.4 ± 1.9. At 90 days, 51% survived. Nonviral precipitant, diabetes, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and encephalopathy were independent factors influencing mortality. Adding diabetes and precipitant to MELD-Na and AARC scores, the novel MAFLD-MELD-Na score (+12 for diabetes, +12 for nonviral precipitant), and MAFLD-AARC score (+5 for each) were formed. These outperformed the standard scores in both cohorts.DISCUSSION:Almost half of patients with MAFLD-ACLF die within 90 days. Diabetes and nonviral precipitants such as drug-induced liver injury and sepsis lead to adverse outcomes. The new MAFLD-MELD-Na and MAFLD-AARC scores provide reliable 90-day mortality predictions for patients with MAFLD-ACLF.