Abstract:Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability, while the main
mechanisms of dominant neurological damage in stroke contain oxidative stress
and inflammation. Docking studies revealed a binding energy of − 6.1 kcal/mol
for AG, while the co-crystallized ligand (CCl) exhibited a binding energy of
− 7.3 kcal/mol with NOS. AG demonstrated favourable hydrogen bond interactions
with amino acids ASN A:354 and ARG A:388 and hydrophobic interactions with GLU
A:377. Molecular dynamics simulations throughout 100 ns indicated a binding
affinity of − 27.65±2.88 kcal/mol for AG, compared to − 18.01±4.02 kcal/mol for
CCl. These findings suggest that AG possesses a superior binding affinity for
NOS compared to CCl, thus complementing the stability of NOS at the docked
site.AG has limited applications owing to its low bioavailability, poor water
solubility, and high chemical and metabolic instability.The fabrication method
was employed in the preparation of AGNP, SEM analysis confirmed spherical shape
with size in 19.4±5 nm and investigated the neuroprotective effect in cerebral
stroke rats induced by 30 min of carotid artery occlusion followed by 4 hr
reperfusion, evaluated by infarction size, ROS/RNS via GSH, MPO, NO
estimationand AchE activity, and monitoring EEG function. Cortex and hippocampal
histology were compared between groups. AGNP treatment significantly decreased
Infarction size and increased GSH levels (p<0.01**), decreased MPO
(p<0.01**), NO (p<0.01**), AchE
(p<0.01**), restored to normal EEG amplitude, minimizing
unsynchronized polyspikes and histological data revealed that increased
pyramidal cell layer thickness and decreased apoptotic neurons in hippocampus,
cortex appeared normal neurons with central large vesicular nuclei, containing
one or more nucleoli in compared to AG treatment. Based on brain biochemical,
histopathology reports AGNP exhibited significant cerebroprotective activity
compared to AG on ischemic rats.