In underdeveloped nations, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major source of morbidity
and mortality. The currently available vaccine against tuberculosis in endemic areas is mainly
ineffective, which triggers the need for a clinically effective vaccine against tuberculosis. In the
present review, we emphasized the impact of genetic variations in the BCG strains, which influence
the efficacy of BCG vaccines. We also discussed the current status of BCG vaccines and
their potential mechanisms on the modulation of B cells and, thereby, humoral immunity, which
trigger immune responses against various intracellular pathogens. Further, we also elaborated upon
the pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the vaccines. Moreover,
we also presented the putative novel targets such as polysaccharide-induced antibodies for
the protection against Mtb, PGRS domain as an important target for Humoral immunity, HLA-E
pathway-Target strategy for new TB vaccine, Coronin-1a - Novel player for Mycobacterial survival,
IRGM, IFN-I3, an autophagy inducer with Irgm1 serving as a core part in the Tuberculosis
vaccine development.