A HPLC method for determination of compound aspirin tablets and relative substances by HPLC was established.The HPLC method was used with Dalian Elite Sino Chrom-BP C18 column (4.6 mm × 200 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% sodium acetate solution (20:80) (containing 0.1% triethylamine, adjusted with acetic acid to pH 3.5).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min-1, detection was done at 302 nm, injection 20 μL, and external standard method was adopted.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 8.0-80.0 μg for aspirin (r = 0.9998), 8.0-54.4 μg for phenacetin (r = 1.0000), 2.0-12.0 μg for caffeine (r = 0.9996), 0.01-0.1 μg for salicylic acid (r = 0.9995).The average recovery was 99.6%, 100.6%, 99.8% for three above mentioned components resp. with RSD of 1.1%, 0.6%, 0.9% (n = 9).The method is simple, rapid, and reliable.