Bu-Ali Sina University

Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826) is a common earthworm species found in the temperate regions of the Holarctic region. This species exhibits significant intraspecific variation, and several cryptic genetic lineages having been described. The high genetic diversity is likely due to its ecological plasticity and adaptability to different environmental conditions. Integrative approaches that combine morphological, ecological, and molecular data have proven to be useful in resolving taxonomic uncertainties in earthworm species. In this study, we investigated the genetic and morphological diversity of several populations of A. rosea from Iran. By combining molecular analyses with morphological and ecological data, we evaluated whether the observed diversity can be linked to phylogeographic origins (Eurosiberian vs. Mediterranean regions). This integrative approach provides new insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary history of A. rosea, contributing to a better understanding of earthworm biodiversity in the Holarctic region.

We evaluated the molecular variation within A. rosea by analyzing both nuclear and mitochondrial markers. The phylogenetic results were combined with morphological data, ecological information, and genetic distances using the COI K2P method to assess species delimitations. Cluster analysis revealed the existence of two distinct morphotypes: a reddish morphotype associated with organic-rich, woodland habitats, and a pale morphotype found in drier grassland environments. Our molecular analyses involving sequencing the mitochondrial COI gene and the nuclear histone H3 gene confirmed the existence of two lineages within A. rosea: a Eurosiberian lineage and a Mediterranean lineage.

Our analyses confirmed that nearly all specimens collected from Iran fall within the two established lineages: Mediterranean and Eurosiberian. The observed genetic differences between the two morphotype samples can be related to their phylogeographic origins (Eurosiberian/Mediterranean).

Antibiotics are widely used in human, veterinary and aquaculture for disease control.Edible dyes, on the other hand, are often used in the manufacture of drugs.Both of these can pollute the environment when concentrated in water.In this study, solar-activation of persulfate (PS) in aqueous media was employed for the simultaneous degradation of penicillin-G (PG) drug and rhodamine-B (RhB) dye.Experiments were conducted in a thin-layer flow photo-reactor, irradiated with a standard solar light simulator.Under mild optimum conditions of pH 6.9, PS concentration of 225 mg/L and a reaction time of 70 min, 79.1% and 90.1% degradations were achieved for PG and RhB pollutants, resp.Adding only 0.42 mg/L of Fe²⁺ and 0.47 mg/L of Cu²⁺ ions, improved degradation and COD reduction to resp., 99.7% and 85.6%.Alternative relevant homogenous processes were examined and the interference of different coexisting water matrixes was studied.Further, contribution of reactive oxygen species was determined and the relevant eleven intermediates were identified based on LC-MS anal. followed by evaluating the product toxicity level with the antibiogram test.This study highlights using the Solar/PS/Fe²⁺/Cu²⁺ homogeneous process for the treatment of pharmaceutical and dye wastewaters.

This paper investigates the strain-dependent electronic properties and transistor performance of monolayer antimonene using D. Functional Theory (DFT) and the "Top-Of-the-Barrier" transport model.The study analyzes the impact of biaxial strain on the band structure, effective mass, and charge transport characteristics.The results reveal a transition from an indirect to a direct bandgap beyond at small tensile strain.The performance of n-type and p-type double gate MOSFETs with an monolayer antimonene channel is systematically evaluated.The tensile strain significantly reduces the ON-current and ON-OFF current ratio of n-type transistors, while p-type transistors exhibit greater stability under strain variations.These results provide valuable insights into the feasibility of strain-engineered monolayer antimonene for future high-performance, low-power nanoelectronic applications.