Rajarajeswari Medical College & Hospital

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition with hyperglycaemia first seen in pregnancy. GDM is still diagnosed in the late second or early third trimester, because accurate diagnostic approaches in first trimester are still lacking and increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in the country. New diagnostic approaches allow early assessment. To assess the efficacy of glycosylated fibronectin in detecting GDM. In this case control study the pregnant women coming to outpatient department were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was carried out at RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital between January 2024 to February 2025. The participant's oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done at 24 to 28 weeks. Diagnostic cut off value based on Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India is considered. Based on OGTT value participants were divided into GDM group and control group. Glycosylated fibronectin was estimated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The concentration of glycosylated fibronectin level between the control and GDM group was analysed using unpaired t-test. The P-value was 0.0001 suggesting significant difference between GDM and control group. The area under the ROC curve equals 0.8096 suggesting that the power of the model to distinguish between two outcomes is excellent. R² value by the regression analysis in GDM group is 0.9813 whereas in control group it is 0.9991 suggesting that glycosylated fibronectin can be used to make accurate predictions. Glycosylated fibronectin is a very potent biomarker in early diagnosis of GDM.

The pathogenic variants of TMEM151A are known to be the genetic cause for Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia apart from PRRT2 variants. Through whole exome sequencing, we identified a known variant (c.368G > C; p. Arg123Pro) in the affected siblings of family-1 and a novel heterozygous variant (c.335T > C; p. Leu112Pro) in the patient of family-2.

Microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are associated with persisting infections and causing endodontic failure. The addition of herbals to calcium hydroxide increases the microbial efficacy within the root canal.

The study aimed at evaluating and comparing the pH change, calcium ions release, along with antimicrobial potential of various nanoparticle calcium hydroxide preparations as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis and C. albicans.

Decoronation of 40 single-rooted teeth was done, canals were enlarged, and segregated into four categories (each group containing 10 samples): Nano calcium hydroxide (CH) + sterile distilled water, nano CH + nano clove, nano CH + nano triphala, and nano CH + nano activated charcoal. The formulations were prepared, placed within the canals, and suspended in glass vials. Calcium ion concentration and pH changes were analyzed up to 30 days. The antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and C. albicans was measured by agar diffusion test/disk diffusion test and direct contact test. To compare the zone of inhibition, absorbance values, and pH values, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed. Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to measure colony-forming units (CFU) between four categories.

Calcium hydroxide with distilled water group was observed with maximum sustained release of calcium ions compared with the other three herbal combinations. The maximum mean zone of inhibition against C. albicans was achieved by nano CH + clove. Nano CH + with distilled water had maximum mean zone of inhibition against E. faecalis.

Herbal combinations of CH showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and E. faecalis and can be used in endodontic treatment.

Vijaya PS, Siddaiah SB, Somanna P, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect, Calcium Ion Release, and pH Change Using Herbal Combinations of Nanoparticle Calcium Hydroxide: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(9):1103-1109.