Rice (Oryza sativa L.) stands out as the world′s most vital staple food crop, yet is susceptible to UV-B radiation stress.This study investigates the physiol. and transcriptome responses in rice exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) under UV-B radiation.Results demonstrate that TiO2 NPs, applied alone (TN) or in combination with UV-B stress (UV+TN), significantly enhance rice plant growth and physiol. parameters.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, elevated under UV-B stress, are significantly reduced by TN and UV+TN treatments, thereby regulating antioxidants particularly involved in ascorbate-glutathione pathway.Transcriptomics anal. of identified DEGs in UV+TN, utilizing KEGG pathway anal., reveals significant enrichment in various pathways.These pathways include glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, regulation of basal transcription factors, plant hormonal signal transduction pathways, cellular processes associated with energy, and the MAPK signaling pathway.Overall, TiO2 NPs application modulates diverse biol. and metabolic pathways, enhancing UV-B stress tolerance in rice.