Jefferson Health Corp.

Previous studies have demonstrated disparities in survival outcomes between Black/African American, Asian, and White patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some studies have suggested that non-White patients have poorer survival outcomes due to socioeconomic factors, while others have reported different findings. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of racial disparity on NSCLC survival outcomes.

PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published until September 2024. Eligible studies with aligned research objectives were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA guidelines.

Fifteen studies with 763,314 patients met the eligibility criteria. Asian and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to White patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.94; P < 0.01 and HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93; P < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, OS differences were not statistically significant between Black and White (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.07; P < 0.01) or Hispanic and White patients (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-1.00; P = 0.19). Further, the subgroup analyses did not demonstrate any significant difference in OS outcome in any stage when comparing Black to White patients (stage I HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.23; P < 0.01; stage II HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.10; P = 0.26; stage III HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.12; P < 0.01; and stage IV HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97-1.07; P < 0.01).

Asian and API patients with NSCLC exhibited superior OS outcomes compared to White patients. In contrast, racial disparities in survival outcomes were statistically insignificant for Black and Hispanic patients. Additionally, staging disparities in OS were not observed between Black and White patients with NSCLC.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and is associated with adverse outcomes. However, the specific association between HCV coinfection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in PLWH remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify this relationship.

We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to October 2024 for cohort studies comparing the incidence of AMI in PLWH with HCV coinfection versus PLWH without HCV coinfection (HIV mono-infection). We used the generic inverse variance method with a random-effects model to pool risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.

Seven cohort studies, encompassing 94,664 participants (mean age 42 years, 83% male), met the inclusion criteria. HCV coinfection was associated with a significantly increased risk of AMI in PLWH (pooled RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.44; I 2 = 18%; p < .001) compared to HIV mono-infection. A subgroup analysis restricted to type 1 AMI was not statistically significant (pooled RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.26; p = .78).

HCV coinfection is associated with a significantly increased risk of AMI in PLWH. Further research is needed to determine the pathophysiology of this relationship.

We aimed to investigate the race-related differences in clinical, radiological, and pathological presentation and prognosis of phyllodes tumors (PTs).

This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with PTs from 5/1/2012 to 5/31/2022. Pathology reports, radiology findings, and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis assessed these differences across racial demographics.

Among 62 women with PTs (mean age: 41 ± 15.2 years), the racial distribution was 21 % Caucasian, 32 % African American, 17.7 % Hispanic, and 29 % Asian/Other. Minority women were significantly more likely to present with palpable masses than Caucasian patients (p = 0.031), suggesting potential disparities in early detection. Minority patients were more likely to be covered by Medicaid and reside in lower-income ZIP codes, with a higher proportion under age 40 at presentation, though these results were not statistically significant. While tumor size varied by race, this difference was also not statistically significant (p = 0.094). Pathologically, 66.1 % of tumors were benign, 22.6 % borderline, and 11.3 % malignant. Although lumpectomy was the preferred approach across all racial groups, no Caucasian or Hispanic patients undergoing mastectomy. No significant racial differences were observed in resection margins (p = 0.263), re-excision rates (p = 0.503), or recurrence rates (p = 0.238).

Minority women had a higher likelihood of presenting with symptomatic PTs, underscoring potential disparities in screening. While treatment outcomes were similar across racial groups, targeted screening efforts in at-risk populations may improve early detection and promote equitable healthcare access.