This study aims to establish a holistic framework for continuous cancer survival surveillance in Russian regions with high-quality population-based cancer registry data. The data from the population-based cancer registries of the Northwestern regions of Russia will be used to assess net and cause-specific survival trends.

开始日期2023-08-01

申办/合作机构

European University at Saint Petersburg

NCT04981405 / TerminatedN/AIIT

Real-world Evidence of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against COVID-19 Hospitalization: the Case-control Study in St. Petersburg, Russia

This is an observational case-control study to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with COVID-19 related conditions in St. Petersburg, Russia. Two sets of cases and control will be retrospectively analyzed to compare vaccination proportions and other characteristics to infer vaccine effectiveness from odds ratios. The first set of cases will be extracted from the data on hospitalisation of patients with COVID-19 to First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint-Petersburg hospitals, and controls will be patients hospitalised with other conditions. The second set of cases and controls will be based on patients referred to Medical Institute named after Berezin Sergey for computed tomography. Cases will be patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 status computed tomography confirmed pneumonia or patients referred to hospitalisation, and control will be patients without pneumonia and not referred to hospitalisation.

开始日期2021-07-16

申办/合作机构

European University at Saint Petersburg

NCT04406038 / CompletedN/AIIT

A Population-Based Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Saint Petersburg, Russia: Longitudinal Cohort Study

Seroprevalence study of COVID-19 in Saint Petersburg, Russia is a regional longitudinal cohort study aiming to evaluate the spread dynamics of the COVID-19 disease in the population of Saint Petersburg. Clinically asymptomatic adults are sampled from the population using random digit dialing and tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in the blood serum. Data collection and serial sampling of the same individuals spans four weeks and is conducted every two weeks in order to understand both the spread of the virus in the population.

开始日期2020-05-27

申办/合作机构

European University at Saint Petersburg

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项与 European University at Saint Petersburg 相关的文献（医药）

2024-12-01·Cancer Epidemiology

Sex differences in lung cancer incidence and mortality in Russia in the light of computed tomography usage expansion: breakpoint and age-period-cohort analyses

Article

作者: Timonin, Sergey ; Komarov, Yuri ; Bunakova, Anna ; Okhotin, Artemiy ; Kozlov, Vladimir ; Arseniev, Andrei ; Tursun-zade, Rustam ; Nefedov, Andrei ; Tursun-Zade, Rustam ; Pushkina, Nika ; Barchuk, Anton ; Nazarova, Ekaterina ; Andreychenko, Anna ; Denisova, Daria

BACKGROUNDRussia has one of the highest lung cancer burdens globally, particularly in men. Mortality started to decline in the 1990s after the reduction in smoking prevalence. However, Russia's recent experience is largely unknown. This study aims to describe recent trends in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Russia along with the use of computed tomography (CT).METHODSWe obtained incidence data from national cancer reports covering 1993-2021 and mortality and population data from the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database covering 1965-2021. The number of CT scanners was obtained from the OECD. Changes in age-standardized rates (Segi-Doll, per 100,000) were assessed using segmented regression and temporal effects using age-period-cohort analysis.RESULTSLung cancer rates in men have been substantially higher than in women and have declined sharply since their peak in the 1990s. The latest breakpoints in incidence in women were in 2012 (95 % CI: 2000; 2014) from stagnation with an annual change of 0.7 % (-0.2; 1.5) to 3.4 % (1.6; 5.2) increase. In men, the decrease in incidence stopped in 2013 (2011; 2014) from -1.8 % (-2.1; -1.4) to 0.3 % (-0.7; 1.3). The growing number of CT scans accompanied the recent changes in incidence rates. Incidence declined sharply in 2020 in men and women. There were no substantial changes in declining mortality trends. Period effects were visible after 2012 when incidence rates increased and deviated from mortality. After accounting for the period effect, generations born after the 1950s had lower risks.CONCLUSIONIncreasing lung cancer incidence rates in Russia in the late 2010s, especially in women, and the stable mortality trends could be a possible sign of diagnostic or treatment period effect. The increased use of CT should be monitored for possible benefits and harms.

2024-10-02·Infectious Diseases

Impact of cross-reactivity and herd immunity on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic severity

Article

作者: Gorski, David H. ; Kim, Dong-Hyun ; Barchuk, Anton ; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj ; Howard, Jonathan ; He, Daihai ; Owusu-Boaitey, Nana ; Yang, Lin ; Böttcher, Lucas

Public health systems reported low mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in East Asia, in low-income countries, and for children during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These reports led commentators to suggest that cross-reactive immunity from prior exposure to other pathogens reduced fatality risk. Resolution of initial infection waves also contributed to speculation that herd immunity prevented further waves prior to vaccination. Serology instead implied that immunity was too limited to achieve herd immunity and that there was little impact from cross-reactive protection. Paediatric deaths exceeded those from influenza, with higher age-specific fatality risk in lower-income nations and similar fatality risk in East Asia compared with demographically similar regions. Neither pre-outbreak exposure to related pathogens nor immunity induced by initial infection waves are necessarily a reliable response to future pathogen outbreaks. Preparedness for future pathogen outbreaks should instead focus on strategies such as voluntary behavioural changes, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and vaccination.

2024-09-12·Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society

The Effect: An Introduction to Research Design and Causality

作者: Bronnikov, Egor

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