—— 欧洲最大的生命科学与医疗研究集群深度解析 ——
An In-Depth Look at Europe's Largest Life Sciences and Medical Research Cluster摘要 Abstract
剑桥生物医学园区(Cambridge Biomedical Campus,简称 CBC)位于英国剑桥市南部,是欧洲最大、最具影响力的生物医学研究和健康科学集群之一,也是英国生命科学产业的核心枢纽。园区将三家国家医疗服务体系(NHS)医院、剑桥大学临床医学院、世界知名的研究机构(如 MRC 分子生物学实验室)以及包括阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)全球研发总部在内的多家跨国生物医药企业汇聚于同一片土地上。园区现拥有员工逾 2.3 万人,是剑桥最大的单一就业地点,每年为英国经济贡献约 47 亿英镑的总增加值(GVA)。本文系统介绍园区的历史沿革、地理布局、主要机构、科研成就、经济与社会影响、交通连接及未来 30 年的扩展规划,旨在为读者呈现一个全面、详尽的剑桥生物医学园区图景。
The Cambridge Biomedical Campus (CBC) in southern Cambridge, United Kingdom, is one of Europe's largest and most influential clusters for biomedical research and health science, and a central hub of the UK life sciences industry. The Campus co-locates three NHS hospitals, the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, world-renowned research institutes such as the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, and major multinational biopharmaceutical companies including AstraZeneca's global R&D headquarters. CBC employs more than 23,000 people, making it the largest single employment site in Cambridge, and contributes approximately £4.7 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) to the UK economy each year. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Campus — its history, geography, key institutions, scientific achievements, economic and social impact, transport links, and 30-year expansion vision.一、引言 1. Introduction
在过去半个多世纪里,剑桥这座以学术殿堂闻名的英伦古城,逐步在城市南郊孕育出一个独特的医学科学生态系统——剑桥生物医学园区。从 1962 年阿登布鲁克医院(Addenbrooke's Hospital)从市中心迁至现址开始,园区便沿着"医院 + 大学 + 研究所 + 产业"四位一体的方向不断扩展。今天,它已成为全球少数几个能够在同一物理空间内同时支撑基础研究、转化医学、临床诊疗、医学教育和产业研发的综合性医学园区之一,是英国乃至欧洲生命科学领域最具战略价值的"科学城"。
Over the past six decades, the historic university city of Cambridge has cultivated, on its southern fringe, a uniquely integrated medical-science ecosystem: the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. Beginning in 1962, when Addenbrooke's Hospital moved from the city centre to its present site, the Campus has expanded steadily along a "four-in-one" model that brings together hospitals, university, research institutes and industry. Today it is one of very few places in the world where fundamental research, translational medicine, clinical care, medical education and industrial R&D coexist on a single physical site — a "science city" of major strategic value to the UK and to European life sciences as a whole.
园区的独特价值在于"邻近性的力量"(the Power of Proximity):基础科学家、临床医生、患者、药物研发人员和产业工程师步行可达,每一项发现都可以更快地从实验室走向病床。这种空间集聚降低了协作成本、加速了知识流动,也使园区在抗体药物、基因测序、个体化医疗、心肺疾病、肿瘤早期诊断等前沿领域屡屡领跑世界。
The Campus's distinctive value lies in what its leaders describe as the "Power of Proximity": basic scientists, clinicians, patients, drug developers and industrial engineers are all within walking distance, so discoveries can travel from bench to bedside more quickly. This spatial clustering lowers the cost of collaboration, accelerates knowledge flow, and helps CBC lead the world in fields ranging from antibody therapeutics and genome sequencing to personalised medicine, cardiopulmonary disease and early cancer detection.
本文将依次介绍园区的历史发展、地理与空间布局、核心机构、标志性科研成就、对地方与国家经济的贡献、交通连接以及面向 2050 年的发展蓝图,力求让读者对这一医学"生态系统"有立体、详尽的认识。
This article walks through the Campus's historical development, its geography and spatial layout, its constituent institutions, its landmark scientific achievements, its economic contribution at regional and national level, its transport connections, and its long-term vision out to 2050, in order to offer a layered and detailed picture of this remarkable medical ecosystem.二、历史沿革 2. Historical Development2.1 起源:阿登布鲁克医院的南迁(1962 年起) 2.1 Origins: The Relocation of Addenbrooke's Hospital (from 1962)
阿登布鲁克医院起源于 1766 年,最初坐落在剑桥市中心。20 世纪中叶,由于市中心场地局促、扩展困难,医院决定整体迁移到城市东南部的希尔斯路(Hills Road)以南。1962 年,新院区在 Long Road 与 Hills Road 交汇处的一片乡间土地上正式启用,这也被视为剑桥生物医学园区的"诞生时刻"。值得一提的是,同年,新建成的 MRC 分子生物学实验室(LMB)也从市中心的卡文迪许实验室迁至阿登布鲁克院区附近,与医院形成最早的"医学—基础科学"协同雏形。
Addenbrooke's Hospital was founded in 1766 in the centre of Cambridge. By the mid-20th century its original site had become too cramped for expansion, and the hospital was relocated to a parcel of farmland south-east of the city, at the junction of Long Road and Hills Road. The new hospital opened in 1962 — the moment generally taken as the birth of the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. In the same year, the newly built MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) moved out of the Cavendish Laboratory in the city centre and onto a site next to Addenbrooke's, forming the earliest "medicine + fundamental science" partnership on the Campus.2.2 大学临床医学院的入驻与园区雏形(1970s-1990s) 2.2 Arrival of the Clinical School and the Early Campus (1970s–1990s)
1970 年代,剑桥大学正式建立临床医学院(School of Clinical Medicine),将临床教学和研究中心从市中心迁至阿登布鲁克院区,使原本以医疗为主的院区开始具有学术属性。1983 年,专门的妇产科医院 Rosie Hospital 在园区开业,进一步丰富了医疗服务。1990 年代,园区相继建立了 MRC 癌症研究所(后并入剑桥大学癌症研究所架构)和多个剑桥大学医学研究单元,为日后的扩张奠定基础。
In the 1970s, the University of Cambridge established its School of Clinical Medicine and moved clinical teaching and research onto the Addenbrooke's site, giving the previously clinical-only campus a strong academic identity. The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge's first purpose-built maternity hospital, opened on the Campus in 1983, broadening its clinical services. Over the 1990s several Cambridge research units and the MRC Cancer Unit settled on site, laying the groundwork for the cluster that would emerge in the following decades.2.3 全面扩张与品牌确立(2000s-2010s) 2.3 Major Expansion and the Birth of a Brand (2000s–2010s)
进入 21 世纪后,园区经历了爆发式扩展。剑桥大学癌症研究所(CRUK Cambridge Institute)、医学研究所(Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, CIMR)、Wellcome-MRC 干细胞研究所、Jeffrey Cheah 生物医学中心等相继落成,形成密集的研究网络。2013 年,由女王伊丽莎白二世亲自揭幕的全新 MRC 分子生物学实验室大楼正式开放,标志着园区作为"科学高地"的国际地位进一步巩固。同期,"剑桥生物医学园区"作为一个统一的品牌名称被广泛使用,并逐步形成今天的园区治理结构。
In the 21st century, the Campus expanded dramatically. The Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), the Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and the Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre were all established on the site, creating a dense network of laboratories. In 2013, Queen Elizabeth II opened a new, much larger building for the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, further consolidating CBC's standing as an international scientific powerhouse. During the same period the name "Cambridge Biomedical Campus" came into common use as a unifying brand, and the Campus's governance structures took on something close to their current form.2.4 重大里程碑(2019-2025) 2.4 Recent Milestones (2019–2025)
2019 年,Royal Papworth Hospital(皇家帕普沃斯医院)——英国领先的心肺专科医院——从原址迁至园区,使园区拥有了三家 NHS 医院。2021 年 11 月,造价约 10 亿英镑的阿斯利康全球研发总部 The Discovery Centre(DISC)正式启用,可容纳约 2,200 名科学家,被视为园区"产业引擎"的里程碑。2022 年 7 月,Victor Phillip Dahdaleh 心肺研究所(HLRI)在园区开放,成为欧洲最大的心肺医学研究集聚地。园区在 2022 年正式庆祝 60 周年,并发布首份独立经济影响报告。2025 年初,阿斯利康开始建设另一栋办公楼 Rosalind Franklin Building,并启动 Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital(剑桥癌症研究医院)的预施工阶段。
In 2019, Royal Papworth Hospital — the UK's leading specialist centre for heart and lung disease — moved onto the Campus, giving CBC three NHS hospitals on a single site. In November 2021, AstraZeneca's £1 billion global R&D headquarters, The Discovery Centre (DISC), was formally opened to host around 2,200 scientists, a landmark moment for the Campus's industrial engine. In July 2022 the Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute (HLRI) opened next to Royal Papworth, creating Europe's largest concentration of cardiopulmonary researchers. The Campus celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2022 with its first independent economic impact report. In early 2025, AstraZeneca began construction of a further building, the Rosalind Franklin Building, and the Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital entered its pre-construction phase.三、地理位置与空间布局 3. Location and Spatial Layout
园区位于剑桥市南部,距市中心约 3 公里,主入口位于 Hills Road、Long Road 与 Robinson Way 交汇处,地理坐标约为 52°10′N,0°08′E。整体占地范围由 Hills Road(西)、Long Road(北)、Babraham Road(东)和 Francis Crick Avenue(南)大致围合,占地面积约 70 公顷。Francis Crick Avenue 是为纪念 DNA 双螺旋共同发现者、LMB 校友弗朗西斯·克里克爵士而命名的主干道,是园区的"科学轴线"。
The Campus is located in the south of Cambridge, roughly three kilometres from the city centre, with its main entrance at the junction of Hills Road, Long Road and Robinson Way (approximately 52°10′N, 0°08′E). It occupies around 70 hectares bounded roughly by Hills Road to the west, Long Road to the north, Babraham Road to the east, and Francis Crick Avenue to the south. Francis Crick Avenue — named after the co-discoverer of the DNA double helix and LMB alumnus — runs as the Campus's central "scientific spine".
园区内部呈现"医院核心—研究环带—产业边缘"的圈层结构:阿登布鲁克医院、Rosie 妇产医院与皇家帕普沃斯医院占据中心地带;围绕医院分布着剑桥大学临床医学院、CIMR、CRUK 剑桥研究所、Jeffrey Cheah 生物医学中心、心肺研究所等学术建筑;外围则包括 MRC 分子生物学实验室和阿斯利康 DISC 等较为独立的大型机构。园区还设有 The Hub 餐饮社交中心、Frank Lee 健身中心和多处公共艺术装置,努力营造"工作与生活共融"的园区氛围。
Within the Campus, buildings are arranged in concentric rings: a clinical core formed by Addenbrooke's, The Rosie and Royal Papworth Hospitals; a "research ring" around the hospitals containing the School of Clinical Medicine, CIMR, the CRUK Cambridge Institute, the Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre and the Heart and Lung Research Institute; and an outer edge of large stand-alone facilities including the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and AstraZeneca's DISC. The Campus also includes The Hub (a café, retail and event space), the Frank Lee Leisure and Fitness Centre and a programme of public art, all part of an effort to make CBC feel like an integrated place to work and live, not just a workplace.四、核心医疗机构(NHS 医院) 4. Core Healthcare Institutions (NHS Hospitals)4.1 阿登布鲁克医院 Addenbrooke's Hospital 4.1 Addenbrooke's Hospital
阿登布鲁克医院是剑桥生物医学园区的核心,也是英国规模最大的教学医院之一。作为剑桥大学医院 NHS 信托基金会(Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, CUH)的旗舰医院,它承担着包括急救、肿瘤、神经外科、移植、罕见病等在内的多项三级和四级医疗服务,是英国东部地区的主要转诊中心。医院开设有创伤一级中心、综合癌症中心、肝胆胰移植中心等高水平专科,每年门诊量超过百万人次。其与剑桥大学临床医学院共同形成英国规模最大的"医院—医学院"联合体之一。
Addenbrooke's Hospital is the heart of the Cambridge Biomedical Campus and one of the largest teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom. It is the flagship of Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH) and provides tertiary and quaternary care across emergency medicine, oncology, neurosurgery, transplantation, rare diseases and many other specialties, acting as a major regional referral centre for the East of England. Its services include a Major Trauma Centre, a comprehensive cancer centre and a hepatobiliary–pancreatic transplant centre, with annual outpatient attendances well above one million. Together with the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, the hospital forms one of the largest hospital–medical school partnerships in the UK.4.2 Rosie 妇产医院 The Rosie Hospital 4.2 The Rosie Hospital
Rosie Hospital 于 1983 年 10 月开业,是剑桥首家专门设计的妇产科医院,2012 年完成多次扩建。它隶属于剑桥大学医院 NHS 信托基金会,提供产科、妇科、辅助生殖、新生儿重症监护等服务,是该地区高危妊娠的主要转诊中心。其与园区内的儿童及女性健康研究紧密联动,为母婴医疗的临床创新提供平台。
The Rosie Hospital, which opened in October 1983, is Cambridge's first purpose-built maternity hospital. A multi-million-pound extension was completed in 2012. Part of Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Rosie offers obstetrics, gynaecology, assisted reproduction and neonatal intensive care, and is the main regional referral centre for complex pregnancies. It works closely with research programmes on women's and children's health on the Campus, supporting clinical innovation in maternal and newborn medicine.4.3 皇家帕普沃斯医院 Royal Papworth Hospital 4.3 Royal Papworth Hospital
皇家帕普沃斯医院是英国领先的心胸外科专科医院,也是该国主要的心肺移植中心。2019 年,医院从原址 Papworth Everard 迁至剑桥生物医学园区现址,新院区紧邻 Heart and Lung Research Institute。该院在英国监管机构 CQC 的评定中连续多次获得最高等级"优秀"评价。作为研究型医院,皇家帕普沃斯在心脏瓣膜手术、肺动脉高压、囊性纤维化、睡眠呼吸障碍以及心衰治疗等领域处于世界前沿。
Royal Papworth Hospital is the UK's leading specialist cardiothoracic centre and the country's main heart and lung transplant unit. In 2019 it relocated from its former site at Papworth Everard to the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, where it sits directly next to the Heart and Lung Research Institute. Royal Papworth has repeatedly been rated "Outstanding" — the top category — by the Care Quality Commission. As a research hospital, it is world-leading in cardiac surgery, pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, sleep-related breathing disorders and advanced heart-failure therapies.五、剑桥大学相关研究机构 5. University of Cambridge Research Institutes5.1 剑桥大学临床医学院 School of Clinical Medicine 5.1 University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine
剑桥大学临床医学院是英国最具学术声望的医学院之一,在国际学术排名中长期位居前列。学院将临床教学和研究全部安置在 CBC 上,使医学生能够直接在世界一流的医院和实验室中学习。学院下设包括医学、外科学、肿瘤学、临床神经科学、临床生物化学、公共卫生与初级保健、放射学等众多学科,其学术成果对全球医学实践产生持续影响。
The University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine is one of the most highly regarded medical schools in the UK and ranks consistently among the leading medical faculties internationally. By basing all of its clinical teaching and research on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, the School ensures that students train directly within world-class hospitals and laboratories. Its departments span medicine, surgery, oncology, clinical neurosciences, clinical biochemistry, public health and primary care, radiology and many more — and their work has lasting influence on global medical practice.5.2 剑桥医学研究所 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) 5.2 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)
CIMR 成立于 1998 年左右,研究重点是细胞生物学与人类疾病之间的关联,涵盖膜运输、囊性纤维化、神经退行性疾病、免疫学、代谢病等领域。它是剑桥大学少数将基础生物医学与临床医院"零距离"对接的研究所之一,为转化医学研究提供了关键平台。
Founded in the late 1990s, CIMR focuses on the cellular biology of human disease, with research spanning membrane traffic, cystic fibrosis, neurodegeneration, immunology and metabolism. It is one of the few Cambridge institutes where basic biomedical science sits literally next door to clinical hospitals, providing a critical platform for translational medical research.5.3 英国癌症研究中心剑桥研究所 CRUK Cambridge Institute 5.3 Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
CRUK Cambridge Institute(CRUK CI)由剑桥大学和英国癌症研究中心(Cancer Research UK)共同资助,是一家世界领先的肿瘤学发现型研究机构。其研究主题涵盖肿瘤基因组学、肿瘤微环境、影像学、新药靶点、早期诊断以及个体化治疗。研究所与园区内的 Cambridge Cancer Centre 形成"研究—诊疗"闭环,是欧洲最重要的癌症科学中心之一。
The Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), jointly funded by the University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK, is a world-leading institute of discovery cancer science. Its research spans tumour genomics, the tumour microenvironment, advanced imaging, drug-target discovery, early detection and personalised therapy. Together with the Cambridge Cancer Centre on the Campus, it forms a "research-to-treatment" loop and is one of the most important cancer-science centres in Europe.5.4 Jeffrey Cheah 生物医学中心 Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre 5.4 Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre (JCBC)
JCBC 由马来西亚双威集团创始人 Jeffrey Cheah 爵士捐资建成,于 2018 年开放。这是一座大型综合性研究设施,容纳剑桥大学多家研究所共同使用,包括 Wellcome-MRC 干细胞研究所部分实验室、Milner 治疗学研究所、Cambridge Stem Cell 项目等。中心强调跨学科合作和"实验室共享",并在干细胞、再生医学和精准医学领域具有重要地位。
The Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre (JCBC), endowed by Tan Sri Sir Jeffrey Cheah of Malaysia's Sunway Group, opened in 2018. It is a large interdisciplinary research building hosting multiple University of Cambridge institutes, including parts of the Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, the Milner Therapeutics Institute, and the Cambridge Stem Cell programme. The Centre is designed around shared laboratories and cross-disciplinary collaboration, and is particularly strong in stem-cell biology, regenerative medicine and precision medicine.5.5 Wellcome-MRC 剑桥干细胞研究所 5.5 Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute
剑桥干细胞研究所将基础干细胞生物学、临床医学和再生医学结合在一起,是欧洲在多能干细胞和组织干细胞领域最具影响力的研究中心之一。研究所利用园区内医院的临床样本与队列优势,致力于将干细胞研究转化为针对血液疾病、肝病、神经退行性疾病等的新治疗手段。
The Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute brings together basic stem-cell biology, clinical medicine and regenerative therapy. It is one of Europe's leading centres for research on pluripotent and tissue stem cells. Using the patient cohorts and clinical samples available across the Campus, the Institute focuses on translating stem-cell science into new treatments for blood disorders, liver disease, neurodegeneration and other conditions.5.6 早期癌症研究所 Early Cancer Institute 5.6 Early Cancer Institute
早期癌症研究所于 2022 年成立,由 CRUK 剑桥中心和剑桥大学共同支持,是英国首家专门聚焦"癌症早期发现与治愈"的研究机构。研究所的标志性项目包括 Rebecca Fitzgerald 教授团队研发的"细线海绵"(Cytosponge)食管癌早筛技术,已在英国 NHS 实地推广。
Launched in 2022, the Early Cancer Institute is supported by the CRUK Cambridge Centre and the University of Cambridge. It is the UK's first institute dedicated specifically to detecting cancer early enough to cure it. One of its signature programmes is the Cytosponge, a "sponge on a string" test developed by Professor Rebecca Fitzgerald's team for the early detection of oesophageal cancer, now being rolled out across the NHS.六、MRC 分子生物学实验室(LMB) 6. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB)
MRC 分子生物学实验室(Laboratory of Molecular Biology, LMB)是世界分子生物学的发源地之一。它的前身是 20 世纪 40 年代设立在剑桥卡文迪许实验室内的一个 MRC 研究单元,由 Max Perutz 和 John Kendrew 领导。1962 年,新实验室在阿登布鲁克医院旁建成并启用,与当年阿登布鲁克医院的搬迁几乎同步。2013 年,全新 LMB 大楼由女王伊丽莎白二世亲自开幕,总投资约 2.12 亿英镑,其面积约为原大楼的两倍。
The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) is one of the birthplaces of modern molecular biology. It traces its origins to an MRC research unit inside the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge in the 1940s, led by Max Perutz and John Kendrew. In 1962 a purpose-built laboratory was opened next to Addenbrooke's Hospital — almost in step with the hospital's own move to the same site. In 2013, a new £212 million LMB building, roughly twice the size of the original, was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II.
LMB 因其极高的诺贝尔奖密度而被誉为"诺贝尔奖工厂"(the Nobel Prize factory)。根据 LMB 官方统计,截至最近一次更新,LMB 的科研工作已为 16 位科学家赢得 12 项诺贝尔奖,其中 9 项化学奖、3 项生理学或医学奖。代表性奖项包括:
LMB is widely known as the "Nobel Prize factory". According to the laboratory's own records, work carried out at LMB has so far been recognised with 12 Nobel Prizes shared between 16 individuals — 9 in Chemistry and 3 in Physiology or Medicine. Highlights include:
1958 年化学奖:Frederick Sanger 因蛋白质(尤其是胰岛素)结构研究; 1958 Chemistry — Frederick Sanger, for the structure of proteins (insulin).
1962 年医学奖:Crick、Watson、Wilkins 因 DNA 双螺旋结构;同年化学奖:Perutz 与 Kendrew 因球状蛋白结构; 1962 Medicine — Crick, Watson and Wilkins for the DNA double helix; and Chemistry — Perutz and Kendrew for the structure of globular proteins.
1980 年化学奖:Sanger(与 Gilbert 共享)因 DNA 测序方法; 1980 Chemistry — Sanger (with Gilbert) for DNA sequencing methods.
1982 年化学奖:Aaron Klug 因晶体电子显微镜与核酸蛋白复合物结构; 1982 Chemistry — Aaron Klug for crystallographic electron microscopy and the structures of nucleic-acid–protein complexes.
1984 年医学奖:Köhler、Milstein 因单克隆抗体技术; 1984 Medicine — Köhler and Milstein for monoclonal antibody technology.
1997 年化学奖:John Walker 因 ATP 合成酶机制; 1997 Chemistry — John Walker for the mechanism of ATP synthase.
2002 年医学奖:Brenner、Horvitz、Sulston 因 C. elegans 中器官发育与细胞凋亡; 2002 Medicine — Brenner, Horvitz and Sulston for organ development and programmed cell death in C. elegans.
2009 年化学奖:Venki Ramakrishnan 因核糖体结构; 2009 Chemistry — Venki Ramakrishnan for the structure and function of the ribosome.
2013 年化学奖:Michael Levitt 因复杂化学系统多尺度模型; 2013 Chemistry — Michael Levitt for multiscale models for complex chemical systems.
2017 年化学奖:Richard Henderson 等因冷冻电镜方法; 2017 Chemistry — Richard Henderson and colleagues for cryo-electron microscopy.
2018 年化学奖:Greg Winter 因噬菌体展示用于多肽与抗体。 2018 Chemistry — Greg Winter for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.
更重要的是,许多荣获诺贝尔奖的工作都是在 LMB 内部完成的,而非由"已获奖科学家被聘进"完成。这种"原生诺奖"密度在世界上极为罕见。同时,LMB 还孕育了 Domantis、Cambridge Antibody Technology、Ribotargets、Celltech 等一系列剑桥生物技术公司,其中由 LMB 单克隆抗体技术衍生的药物(如 Herceptin 与 Humira)已成为现代抗体药物的代表,全球新药中约有三分之一是单克隆抗体。
Crucially, most of these prizes were awarded for work done at LMB itself, rather than for prizes won by scientists hired in later — a "home-grown" Nobel density that is rare in the world. LMB has also spun out a string of Cambridge biotech companies — Domantis, Cambridge Antibody Technology, Ribotargets, Celltech and others — and its monoclonal antibody technology underpins drugs such as Herceptin and Humira. Today roughly one in three of all new therapeutic drugs worldwide is a monoclonal antibody.七、心肺研究所(HLRI) 7. The Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute
Victor Phillip Dahdaleh 心肺研究所(HLRI)于 2022 年 7 月正式开放,紧邻皇家帕普沃斯医院。它是剑桥大学与皇家帕普沃斯医院的联合机构,被认为是欧洲最大的心肺医学研究集聚地,研究团队规模约 400-450 人。研究所聚焦心血管和呼吸系统疾病的预防、早期诊断和治疗,包含临床研究设施和与产业、慈善机构合作的开放空间。
The Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute (HLRI) opened in July 2022 next to Royal Papworth Hospital. A joint venture between the University of Cambridge and Royal Papworth Hospital, it is considered the largest concentration of heart and lung research in Europe, housing around 400–450 staff. The Institute focuses on the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and includes a Clinical Research Facility and dedicated spaces for collaboration with industry and charity partners.
HLRI 的命名源自加拿大企业家与慈善家 Victor Dahdaleh 博士的 1,600 万英镑捐赠;此外,UK Research Partnership Investment Fund 提供 3,000 万英镑,British Heart Foundation 出资 1,000 万英镑,Wolfson 基金会、皇家帕普沃斯慈善基金和囊性纤维化基金会也参与了资助。研究所设定了一项极具挑战的目标——在开放后五年内确定 10 个新的心肺疾病治疗或诊断候选方案。
The Institute is named after the Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Dr Victor Dahdaleh, in recognition of his £16 million donation. Other major funders include the UK Research Partnership Investment Fund (£30 million), the British Heart Foundation (£10 million), the Wolfson Foundation, the Royal Papworth Hospital Charity and the Cystic Fibrosis Trust. HLRI set itself an ambitious goal at opening: to identify ten new candidate treatments or diagnostic tests for heart and lung diseases within five years.八、产业合作伙伴:阿斯利康 DISC 8. Industry Partner: AstraZeneca's Discovery Centre (DISC)
阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)的 The Discovery Centre(DISC)是 CBC 上的"产业引擎",也是阿斯利康在全球的研发总部。DISC 于 2021 年 11 月由当时的威尔士亲王(现英王查尔斯三世)参与揭幕,由瑞士建筑事务所 Herzog & de Meuron 设计,外形如一个圆盘,因此得名"DISC"。该项目总投资约 10 亿英镑,建筑面积约 19,000 平方米的实验室空间,可容纳约 2,200 名科研人员,是阿斯利康在全球三大战略研发中心之一(另两个分别位于美国 Gaithersburg 和瑞典 Gothenburg)。
AstraZeneca's Discovery Centre (DISC) is CBC's industrial engine and AstraZeneca's global R&D headquarters. The DISC was formally unveiled in November 2021 in the presence of the then Prince of Wales (now King Charles III). Designed by the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron, the building is shaped like a disc — hence its name. The £1 billion project provides around 19,000 m² of laboratory space and accommodates some 2,200 scientists. It is one of AstraZeneca's three strategic global R&D sites, alongside Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA) and Gothenburg (Sweden).
DISC 配备了先进的机器人、高通量筛选和 AI 驱动的研发技术,支持包括核苷酸药物、基因编辑、细胞疗法在内的精准医学开发。建筑本身也是一座可持续工程典范:地下设有 174 个地热孔、四个混合冷却塔以及地源热泵系统,节能效果可满足约 2,500 户家庭的用电需求。园区开放空间(如 Hub 咖啡馆、DISC 中庭和 Grecian Café)也向园区其他单位和当地居民开放。
Inside the DISC, AstraZeneca has deployed advanced robotics, high-throughput screening and AI-driven research technology to support precision medicine, including nucleotide-based therapeutics, gene editing and cell therapies. The building is itself a piece of sustainable engineering: 174 boreholes for geothermal energy, four hybrid cooling towers and a ground-source heat pump are estimated to save enough energy to power around 2,500 homes. Several spaces — including The Hub café and event space, the DISC courtyard and the Grecian Café inside the DISC — are open to other Campus organisations and to the wider community.
2025 年初,阿斯利康开始建设另一栋办公楼——Rosalind Franklin Building,命名灵感来自 DNA 结构研究的开拓者 Rosalind Franklin。该建筑配有一个可容纳 450 人的礼堂和会议中心,目标是将剑桥地区其余的阿斯利康员工统一搬到园区,从而进一步增强公司在 CBC 的整体规模与协同效应。
In early 2025, AstraZeneca began constructing a further office building on the Campus — the Rosalind Franklin Building, named after the pioneer of DNA structural studies. It will include a 450-seat auditorium and conference centre, and is intended to consolidate the company's remaining Cambridge-based staff onto the Biomedical Campus, deepening AstraZeneca's overall scale and synergies at CBC.九、标志性科研与医疗成就 9. Landmark Scientific and Clinical Achievements
CBC 是世界上少数能够在多个生命科学方向同时引领的园区之一,其代表性成就包括但不限于以下几方面:
CBC is one of the very few research clusters in the world able to lead in several life-science domains at once. Its representative achievements include, but are by no means limited to, the following:9.1 DNA 与分子生物学的开创性研究 9.1 Foundational Discoveries in DNA and Molecular Biology
1953 年,James Watson 和 Francis Crick 在剑桥提出 DNA 双螺旋结构,这一发现成为现代分子生物学的奠基石。此后,包括蛋白质结构、DNA 测序、噬菌体展示、冷冻电镜在内的多项关键技术均在 LMB 诞生。剑桥也因此成为基因学时代的核心地标。
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the DNA double helix in Cambridge — a discovery that laid the foundations of modern molecular biology. Many subsequent foundational technologies, including protein structure determination, DNA sequencing, phage display and cryo-electron microscopy, were developed at the LMB on the Campus. Cambridge has, as a result, become a central landmark of the genomic era.9.2 单克隆抗体与抗体药物革命 9.2 Monoclonal Antibodies and the Antibody-Drug Revolution
César Milstein 与 Georges Köhler 于 LMB 发明单克隆抗体技术(1975 年),随后 Greg Winter 等人发展出"人源化"和"全人源"抗体技术。这一系列突破催生了 Cambridge Antibody Technology、Domantis 等公司,并直接孕育了 Herceptin、Humira、Keytruda 等全球年销售额数十亿美元的药物。今天,单克隆抗体类药物约占全球新批准药物的三分之一。
César Milstein and Georges Köhler invented monoclonal antibody technology at the LMB in 1975, and the subsequent development of humanised and fully human antibodies by Greg Winter and others built on that breakthrough. Together these advances spun out companies such as Cambridge Antibody Technology and Domantis, and led directly to global blockbuster drugs including Herceptin, Humira and Keytruda. Monoclonal antibodies now account for roughly one third of all newly approved therapeutic drugs worldwide.9.3 个体化乳腺癌项目与肿瘤精准医疗 9.3 Personalised Breast Cancer Programme and Precision Oncology
CBC 团队建立了世界首个"个体化乳腺癌项目",通过对每位患者进行全基因组测序,依据肿瘤分子分型为患者制定个性化治疗策略。这一项目避免了大量不必要的辅助治疗,已显著改善患者的生存质量。
Teams at CBC have built the world's first Personalised Breast Cancer Programme, in which whole-genome sequencing of each patient's tumour is used to tailor treatment based on its molecular subtype. The programme has helped many women avoid unnecessary, debilitating adjuvant therapy and has materially improved quality of life.9.4 食管癌"细线海绵"早筛技术 9.4 The "Sponge on a String" Test for Early Oesophageal Cancer
Rebecca Fitzgerald 教授团队研发的 Cytosponge"细线海绵"技术,是一种无需内镜即可在初级保健环境中筛查食管癌前病变(Barrett 食管)的方法。它使早期食管癌的发现率显著提升,目前已经在英国 NHS 多个地区开展。
Professor Rebecca Fitzgerald's team developed the Cytosponge — a "sponge on a string" test that screens for pre-cancerous changes in the oesophagus (Barrett's oesophagus) in primary-care settings, without the need for endoscopy. The test dramatically improves the rate of early detection of oesophageal cancer and is now being deployed across several NHS regions.9.5 罕见病与个体化医学 9.5 Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine
依托阿登布鲁克医院的罕见病中心和剑桥的基因组学优势,CBC 在罕见遗传病的诊断和个体化治疗方面具有国际影响力,包括对发育障碍、代谢病和神经退行性疾病的研究。
Drawing on the Rare Disease Centre at Addenbrooke's Hospital and Cambridge's strengths in genomics, CBC has built international leadership in the diagnosis and personalised treatment of rare genetic disorders, including developmental disorders, inborn errors of metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases.十、经济与社会影响 10. Economic and Social Impact
根据 Cambridge Biomedical Campus Limited(CBC Ltd)委托 Centre for Economics and Business Research(Cebr)撰写的多份独立报告,园区对英国经济具有持续放大的贡献。2022 年首份报告显示,CBC 当年对英国经济贡献的总增加值(GVA)约为 22 亿英镑,每 10 个直接岗位还会在地方供应链中创造 2.7 个间接岗位。
Independent reports commissioned by Cambridge Biomedical Campus Limited (CBC Ltd) from the Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) make clear that the Campus's contribution to the UK economy has grown substantially over time. The first such report, published in 2022, estimated that CBC contributed around £2.2 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) to the UK economy that year, and that every ten jobs created directly on the Campus supported a further 2.7 jobs in the local supply chain.
2025 年的更新数据更加亮眼:园区目前每年为英国经济带来约 47 亿英镑的 GVA,每 10 英镑产值带动整体经济额外 10 英镑产值,每 10 个直接岗位带动全国 10 个间接岗位。2.3 万员工使 CBC 成为剑桥最大单一就业地点。Cebr 还预测,若 CBC 在 2024 年公布的"空间框架"按计划落实,到 2035 年其 GVA 贡献可翻倍至约 130 亿英镑,到 2050 年可达 200 亿英镑。这相当于 2025 年财政大臣公布的 780 亿英镑"牛剑走廊"愿景的约十分之一。
Updated figures in 2025 are even more striking: CBC now contributes roughly £4.7 billion in GVA to the UK economy each year; every £10 the Campus generates supports a further £10 across the wider economy, and every ten direct jobs support a further ten jobs nationally. With about 23,000 employees, CBC is Cambridge's single largest employment site. Cebr further projects that, if the 2024 CBC Spatial Framework is delivered as planned, the Campus's annual GVA could double to around £13 billion by 2035 and reach almost £20 billion by 2050 — roughly one-tenth of the £78 billion "Oxford–Cambridge Corridor" ambition announced by the Chancellor in early 2025.
在地方层面,CBC 是剑桥南郊数万家庭的主要雇主和服务提供方。Cebr 指出,在剑桥市与南剑桥郡,每六个就业岗位中就有一个直接或间接依赖 CBC。园区员工每年通过本地消费向区域经济注入超过 7 亿英镑的购买力。
Locally, CBC is a major employer and service provider for tens of thousands of households in southern Cambridge. Cebr notes that, in the Cambridge City and South Cambridgeshire authorities, roughly one in six jobs is directly or indirectly supported by the Campus. Employees inject more than £700 million of purchasing power into the regional economy each year through their day-to-day spending.
此外,园区还产生了显著的社会效益:从世界首个个体化乳腺癌项目到囊性纤维化新疗法,从单克隆抗体技术到食管癌早筛工具,CBC 的科研成果直接改善了全球患者的生存与生活质量。
Beyond economic numbers, the social impact of CBC is profound. From the world's first Personalised Breast Cancer Programme to new therapies for cystic fibrosis, from monoclonal antibody technology to the Cytosponge for early oesophageal-cancer detection, the Campus has delivered science that has tangibly improved survival and quality of life for patients around the world.
表:CBC 经济影响关键指标 / Table: Key Economic Impact Indicators of CBC
指标 / Indicator
2022 年 / 2022
2025 年 / 2025
年度 GVA 贡献 / Annual GVA
约 £2.2 bn / approx £2.2 bn
约 £4.7 bn / approx £4.7 bn
园区员工总数 / Total workforce
约 16,000+ FTE / approx 16,000+ FTE
约 23,000 / approx 23,000
乘数(每 £10 带动) / Per-£10 multiplier
n/a
+£10 全国 / +£10 nationally
乘数(每 10 个岗位) / Per-10-jobs multiplier
+2.7 地方 / +2.7 local
+10 全国 / +10 nationally十一、交通连接 11. Transport and Connectivity
CBC 的快速发展也带来巨大的交通压力,目前园区每天约有 4 万人次的人员往来。为应对这一挑战,园区采取多元化交通策略:
CBC's rapid growth has created significant transport demand: roughly 40,000 people travel to and from the Campus each day. The Campus has therefore adopted a multi-modal transport strategy:
剑桥郡导轨公交(Cambridgeshire Guided Busway):自 2011 年 8 月起运营,A 线和 B 线均在园区设站,是连接剑桥火车站、市中心与南剑桥郊区的快速通道。 Cambridgeshire Guided Busway: Operating since August 2011, the A and B routes both stop at the Campus, providing a fast, traffic-free connection between Cambridge city centre, the railway station and the southern suburbs.
常规公交与员工通勤车(Shuttle):多条普通公交线路覆盖园区;CBC 还运营专门的员工通勤班车系统。 Regular bus services and the CBC Staff Shuttle: Several public bus routes serve the Campus, and CBC also operates a dedicated shuttle system for staff.
步行与自行车:园区高度鼓励主动出行,设有大量自行车停放和步行道,连接 Trumpington、Cherry Hinton 等周边社区。 Walking and cycling: Active travel is strongly encouraged, with abundant cycle parking and footpaths linking the Campus to Trumpington, Cherry Hinton and other surrounding communities.
剑桥南火车站(Cambridge South Station):即将于 2026 年 6 月 28 日开通的全新火车站,由英国政府投资约 2.5 亿英镑,将成为首座以 "Great British Railways" 统一品牌开放的车站。车站设有 4 个站台,提供约 1,000 个自行车停放位(不设大型停车场),每小时最多 9 班车开往剑桥市中心,并直通伦敦、Stansted 机场和伯明翰机场。 Cambridge South Railway Station: Due to open on 28 June 2026, this new station — funded by approximately £250 million of UK Government investment — will be the first station to open under the new "Great British Railways" brand. It has four platforms, around 1,000 cycle parking spaces (and no large car park), up to nine trains an hour into central Cambridge, and direct services to London, Stansted Airport and Birmingham Airport.
剑桥南站的开通被视为园区交通的"游戏规则改变者"。它将显著减轻当地道路压力,使园区在通勤时间、患者抵达、产业人才招聘等方面具备更强的竞争力。
Cambridge South Station is widely seen as a "game changer" for Campus transport. It will dramatically reduce pressure on local roads and strengthen CBC's competitiveness in commuting time, patient access and the recruitment of industrial talent.十二、未来规划与"30 年愿景" 12. The Future: 30-Year Vision and Major Projects
CBC Ltd 在 2024 年发布了《CBC 空间框架》(CBC Spatial Framework),描绘出园区未来 30 年的发展蓝图。核心目标是将员工总数从目前的 2.3 万人翻倍至约 4.6 万人,将年 GVA 从 47 亿英镑增长到 130-200 亿英镑,并支持新建研究医院、产业设施、住房与公共服务。延迟 5 年实施意味着到 2050 年损失约 65 亿英镑的潜在 GVA。
In 2024, CBC Ltd published its Spatial Framework, setting out a 30-year vision for the Campus. The core goals are to double on-site employment from roughly 23,000 to around 46,000, to lift annual GVA from £4.7 billion to between £13 and £20 billion, and to deliver new research hospitals, industrial facilities, housing and public services. Cebr modelling suggests that a five-year delay in implementation would cost some £6.5 billion of foregone GVA by 2050.12.1 剑桥癌症研究医院 Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital 12.1 Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital
这是一座规划中的七层综合性医院,约 26,300 平方米,将把 NHS 临床肿瘤治疗与剑桥大学三个新研究所合并在同一座建筑内,强调"临床—研究—工业"在同一空间的"细粒度集成"。政府于 2025 年 1 月批准项目,预施工工作于 2025 年 3 月开始,预计 2029 年投入使用。
This planned seven-storey hospital of about 26,300 m² will integrate NHS clinical oncology with three new University of Cambridge research institutes inside a single building, emphasising fine-grained co-location of clinical, research and industrial activity. The Government approved the project in January 2025, pre-construction work began in March 2025, and the hospital is expected to open in 2029.12.2 剑桥儿童医院 Cambridge Children's Hospital 12.2 Cambridge Children's Hospital
规划中的剑桥儿童医院是英国第一家"将身体健康和心理健康完全融合的儿童医院",总建筑面积约 35,000 平方米,内嵌一座 5,000 平方米的研究所,专注于儿童疾病的预防与早期诊断。场地准备于 2024 年初启动,承建商 Bouygues UK 于 2025 年 8 月获任命,主体施工预计 2025 年开工,2028 年底建成。
Cambridge Children's Hospital is planned as the UK's first hospital to fully integrate children's physical and mental health, with roughly 35,000 m² of clinical space and an embedded 5,000 m² research institute focused on prevention and early diagnosis in paediatric disease. Site preparation began in early 2024, contractor Bouygues UK was appointed in August 2025, and main construction is expected to start in 2025 with completion targeted for late 2028.12.3 阿斯利康 Rosalind Franklin Building 12.3 AstraZeneca's Rosalind Franklin Building
除 DISC 外,阿斯利康正在 Francis Crick Avenue 另一侧新建 Rosalind Franklin Building,预计将把剑桥地区其余员工迁至园区,并对外开放约 5,000 平方米的绿地与花园。
In addition to the DISC, AstraZeneca is constructing the Rosalind Franklin Building on the other side of Francis Crick Avenue. The new building is intended to consolidate the company's remaining Cambridge-based staff onto the Campus, and will include around 5,000 m² of gardens and green space open to neighbours.12.4 Connect: Health Tech 等创业生态 12.4 Connect: Health Tech and the Start-up Ecosystem
剑桥大学的 "Connect: Health Tech" 企业孵化区位于园区附近,是英国政府指定的健康科技企业区之一,为园区周边的初创公司提供办公、实验和加速器服务,进一步完善了 CBC 的创业生态。
"Connect: Health Tech", the University of Cambridge Enterprise Zone, sits adjacent to the Campus. As one of the UK Government's designated health-tech enterprise zones, it offers offices, laboratory space and accelerator support for start-ups, further deepening CBC's entrepreneurial ecosystem.十三、结语 13. Conclusion
剑桥生物医学园区的故事不仅是一个机构集聚的故事,更是一种"将不同力量放到同一地点"的实验:医院、医学院、基础研究所、跨国制药企业和创业公司在同一片土地上彼此互动,知识、人才和资金以最低的摩擦流动。在这种空间安排下,从 DNA 双螺旋到单克隆抗体,从冷冻电镜到食管癌早筛,从个体化乳腺癌治疗到心肺新药开发,CBC 一次又一次将"基础发现—临床转化—产业落地"打通。
The story of the Cambridge Biomedical Campus is not simply one of co-located organisations. It is an experiment in placing very different forms of capability — hospitals, a medical school, fundamental research institutes, multinational pharmaceutical companies and start-ups — on the same piece of ground, so that people, knowledge and capital can move between them with minimal friction. Under that spatial arrangement, the Campus has, time and again, joined fundamental discovery to clinical translation and industrial delivery — from the DNA double helix to monoclonal antibodies, from cryo-EM to the Cytosponge for early cancer detection, from personalised breast-cancer treatment to new heart and lung therapeutics.
展望未来,随着 Cambridge South 车站于 2026 年开通、Cambridge Children's Hospital 与 Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital 在 2028-2029 年陆续投入使用、AstraZeneca 与剑桥大学的进一步深度合作,CBC 有望从一个"欧洲最大医学集群"成长为"全球医疗创新引擎"。它对英国经济的贡献预计将翻倍,对全球患者的影响也将持续扩大。
Looking ahead, with the opening of Cambridge South Station in 2026, the completion of the Cambridge Children's Hospital and Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital in 2028–2029, and a deepening partnership between AstraZeneca and the University of Cambridge, CBC is poised to grow from "Europe's largest medical cluster" into a "global engine of healthcare innovation". Its contribution to the UK economy is on course to double, and its impact on patients around the world will continue to widen.
从 1962 年阿登布鲁克医院的一次"南迁",到 2050 年潜在 200 亿英镑的年贡献,剑桥生物医学园区用六十余年时间完成了从一个郊区医院到世界级科学城的蜕变。它的故事仍在书写,而每一项在 Francis Crick Avenue 上发生的实验,都可能成为下一次改变人类健康的转折点。
From the relocation of a single hospital in 1962 to a potential annual contribution of £20 billion by 2050, the Cambridge Biomedical Campus has, over six decades, evolved from a suburban hospital into a world-class science city. Its story is still being written, and every experiment that takes place along Francis Crick Avenue may yet become the next turning point in the long story of human health.