Technological Centre Of Nutrition And Health, Spain

The alteration maintained over time of some metabolic processes, such as oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and of the intestinal microbiota activity, can induce some chronic diseases with high prevalence in society, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease or diabetes. These metabolic alterations can be modulated through nutrition and eating habits. Thus nutritional interventions are currently considered as a main tool for disease prevention.
The need to adapt nutritional interventions to the particular needs of each person in order to improve the health status of all individuals is becoming more and more evident, through precision nutrition. On the other hand, for nutritional interventions to be carried out over long periods of time and to achieve sustainable long-term changes in lifestyle, new forms of behavioral counseling are necessary to facilitate the follow-up of nutritional interventions.
PREVENTOMICS is a European project that arose to develop a personalized nutrition system, the PREVENTOMICS system. This system is based on the classification of the users of the system according to the state of their own metabolic processes, their genotype, their dietary habits and preferences, levels of physical activity, purchase preference and possible allergies, in order to provide a personalized nutrition adapted to the needs of each user.
The PREVENTOMICS system is presented through a digital environment via computer, with a list of products provided by the ALDI supermarket to prepare the shopping list, without having to buy the products from the ALDI supermarket.

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compound mainly found in fruits and vegetables with numerous beneficial health effects as protection against cardiovascular diseases by an antihypertensive effect. The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the metabolization of these compounds, so that differences in the composition and activity of the microbiota between individuals can generate different metabotypes. Flavonoids are found mainly in their conjugated form linked to the monosaccharide rhamnose and need to be metabolized by the intestinal bacteria, releasing the rhamnose, to be absorbed and, thus, bioactive. The bacterial enzyme responsible of rhamnose hydrolysis is α-L-rhamnosidase, whose activity can vary considerably depending on the composition of the microbiota. In fact, a great interindividual variability has been observed in the ability to absorb flavonoids, which allows to classify individuals according to the corresponding metabotype. In a previous project, the investigators confirmed the interindividual differences in the bioavailability of hesperidin and narirutin, two flavonoids naturally present in orange juice. However, the role of the intestinal microbiota in the metabolism of hesperidin and narirutin needs to be elucidated.
On this basis, the following hypothesis is presented: individuals with arterial hypertension can be classified into 3 different metabotypes that are the result of the ability to absorb hesperidin and narirutin, determined by the urinary excretion of their respective metabolites, and these metabotypes are associated with different microbiota enterotypes and with different fecal α-L-rhamnosidase activity.

Extrinsic or exogenous ageing is caused by repetitive exposure of the skin to harmful agents, while primary cause the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, known as photoageing, including solar effect. Chronic solar UV exposure has multiple damaging effects on skin, such as wrinkling, dryness, dyspigmentation, epidermal thinning and increasing fragility. In addition, solar exposure and age increase a subepidermal band.
Fibrillar collagen, which is synthesized from fibroblasts, is the predominant extracellular matrix (ECM) component of the dermis. Collagen type I and III are considered to be the major interstitial, fiber forming collagen in normal human dermis. In addition, the dermis contains collagen types IV (gelatine), V and VI. Other important component of the EMC of the dermis are elastic fibers being elastin (ELN) their main component and play a critical role in skin elasticity and the reduction of elastic fiber production results in impaired elasticity. UV radiation induces ECM degeneration and consequently an increase in fragility and loss of elasticity of the skin. This process is mediated by an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in human skin which are responsible for degrading ECM proteins, such as collagen, fibronectin and elastin. The natural inhibitors of MMPs are tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), being TIMP-1 the most relevant TIMP affecting collagen metabolism.