Coronary stents were first developed in the mid 1980s, revolutionizing coronary artery disease treatment for patients.
While stents are still used in patients today, only incremental developments in their technology have been made over the last 30 to 40 years. One company, Elixir Medical, is trying to change that.
The company focuses on re-imagining how new medical technologies will breathe new life into vascular interventions, reshaping the space for decades to come, and developing disruptive platforms to treat coronary and peripheral artery disease.
Elixir’s newest device, the DynamX Bioadaptor, aims to not only improve clogged arteries for patients, but over time actually make the artery stronger.
The novel scaffolding device is readily available in Europe and parts of Asia, it is currently undergoing FDA testing in the U.S.
Vinayak Bhat, COO of
Elixir Medical
, connected with
MD+DI
about the adverse events rates of traditional coronary stents, how the DynamX Bioadaptor differs from conventional stents and what vessel restoration means for aging patients and long-term health outcomes, and ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials of the device.
Can you explain in practical terms how the DynamX Bioadaptor's "vessel restoration" mechanism works differently from traditional stents?
Bhat:
When plaque builds up in the arteries with coronary artery disease, stents have done a great job in terms of restoring blood flow to these coronary arteries. But what it does not necessarily do is restore the entire functionality of the heart. When the heart pumps blood into the aorta to go across the entire body, the first exit it takes is towards the coronary arteries. So it supplies blood there first before it goes to the brain or rest of the body. Like on an airplane, they say if the mask drops down, even if you love your child more than yourself, you first put the mask on yourself and then on the child. It is the same way here. Nature has designed the coronary arteries in a certain way and the functions, there is hemodynamic modulation in the heartbeat, and with every beat the vessel expands and contracts, there are sheer stressors, which are the communication channel for cells to respond to the changes.
So the functionality of the arteries is not just to pass blood, but also do all of these other things in terms of modulation for the entire functionality of the coronary structure. When we put in a stent, like we have been doing for the last 30+ years, you restore blood flow but take away the natural ability of arteries to expand and contract with every heart beat. That is the important functionality of the vessel. This has an impact on clinical events down the line. What we have designed with the Bioadaptor is an implant that is three coils held together by a bioresorbable polymer coating. You implant it in the coronary artery when there is a lesion. Six months after implantation, for the first six months it works like a stent to restore blood flow, but once that job is done, the bioresorbable polymer coating is gone and these coils unlock from each other, allowing restoration of the arteries.
With every heartbeat, now the vessel expands and contracts like it's supposed to do. Because of that, you have an impact on the plaque that is behind, there is no compliance mismatch. All of these have an important function in terms of reducing coronary events down the line. Currently with traditional stents, every year after the first year, there is a 2-3% chance of clinical events. Events like repeat heart attack, hospitalization, etc. By restoring the functionality by treating it with a Bioadaptor, we have impacted and made a change to that. And now we have clinical data to essentially prove that, from randomized clinical studies.
With over 35 patents behind this technology, what were the most critical engineering breakthroughs that enabled this scaffolding approach? What technical challenges did you have to overcome?
Bhat:
We had the good fortune of being around for two decades in this space. We have developed stents, fully bio dissolvable scaffolds, and we have a unique group of individuals with medical backgrounds, strong technical backgrounds, drug delivery and polymer science experts, so if you look at problem statements holistically and then come up with solutions that can address the root cause of the issue. So when we set out to develop the Bioadaptor, it took us over 100 iterations just in terms of coming up with the right configuration to ensure that the restoration will be clinically similar to what a natural coronary artery gets. So all of these iterations on the bench, and we develop multiple versions.
One version that can unlock within three months, one version that can unlock within six months, really to have an understanding of what it takes to ensure restoring of the natural modulation of the artery. Over multiple iterations, a huge challenge was being in a space that has so many stents with just incremental iterations. To take that function and create a new category of device was a pretty interesting challenge. We went about doing the development on the bench, development in preclinical trials, then moving on to multiple clinical studies where we were looking at proof of concept mechanistically to show that it would work. Only then did we go on to do not one, but two randomized clinical studies in two different geographies to show the effect of this device on patients.
What does the long-term safety profile look like for the DynamX Bioadaptor beyond the six-month landmark analysis?
Bhat:
We have now two first-in-man smaller studies, 50 patients each. After that, we did a 450 patient randomized clinical study, which now has 3-year follow up data. After that, we did a 2,400 patient randomized study in much sicker patients. Those patients now have a 2-year follow up. Long term data now shows not just safety but excellent efficacy of the Bioadaptor as compared to the traditional standard of care. The second study showed superiority in a landmark analysis. The first study showed an over 50% reduction in clinical events at three years. The second study showed the same. So two independent randomized studies showing a significant impact in terms of superior outcomes. Now, long-term data gives us great confidence in new technology. In addition to these new studies, we have also conducted a post-market, 5,000 patient global study which is ongoing. A lot of physicians are doing their own studies with the device. There is a wealth of data in terms of long-term safety on the Bioadaptor in addition to efficacy.
What's the adoption experience been like in European and Asian markets?
Bhat:
When we initially started with the Bioadaptor, every physician who looks at it says it makes a lot of sense. When nature wants the vessel to hemodynamically modulate, we should be using devices that essentially mimic that. But, they were not really certain that just by making these changes we would impact, because traditional stents have been around for the last 30 years and people felt that that was as good as it can get. They thought these other clinical events we were seeing were just disease progression. Initially there was hesitation, but as there is more clinical data that comes out, the adoption has been excellent. We have tens of thousands of patients in the Middle East and Europe who have been treated. In Asia, patients have a say in which devices they get. A lot of patients come into physicians saying they want our Bioadaptor. They want a device that has long-term benefits. So it is getting a lot of traction moving in that direction.
What does the competitive landscape look like? How are established stent manufacturers responding to this disruptive technology?
Bhat:
The competitive landscape as we entered the market, we didn't want to compete with the stent as just another product with incremental value. Now that we have clinical data showing superiority, we are positioning ourselves as a premium product from a pricing and outcomes perspective. We have no direct competitors to what the Bioadaptor can do. There are 20 to 30 companies that work in the drug-eluting stent space, and we are not necessarily competing with them, but creating a new category of therapy for patients. When it comes to value, the value of the Bioadaptor is for all patients that have coronary artery disease. Given this is a premium product, in many cases, physicians are using the Bioadaptor for more complex cases.
Is there anything else you would like to expand on?
Bhat:
Elixir is uniquely positioned, and FDA has given us breakthrough device designation for the Bioadaptor. FDA has been very collaborative, and very impressed with our innovation in a space that has been dormant for a long time. We are working very closely with them to try and bring this technology to U.S. patients as soon as possible, so this is very exciting for us as an organization and a company. Before you implant the device, you need to treat calcification. We have created a simple yet innovative mechanism based on physics principles where without requiring an external energy source, we can crack the calcium, even in the arteries, and then implant the Bioadaptor. So that is also another technology that Elixir has developed. And traction in terms of the takeoff of this product is looking really good. It is exciting times for the organization.