Semnan University

Plastic pollution, especially from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), represents a major environmental crisis, with annual global production exceeding 70 million tons and persistently low recycling rates. Traditional recycling methods have notable limitations, and PET's environmental persistence exacerbates ecological and health risks. Simultaneously, emerging water pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, synthetic dyes, and pesticides often evade conventional treatment systems, requiring more advanced remediation strategies. This review explores the intersection of these challenges through the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) synthesized from recycled PET waste for photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants in water. PET is chemically depolymerized into terephthalic acid linkers, enabling the fabrication of high-performance photocatalysts that tackle both plastic accumulation and water contamination. Recent progress shows that PET-derived MOF can achieve degradation efficiencies above 90 % for a broad spectrum of pollutants under artificial and solar light. Performance has been further enhanced by strategies incorporating Fenton-like processes, sulfate radical generation, and photothermal activation, while multifunctional systems allow for simultaneous pollutant degradation and antimicrobial disinfection or hydrogen evolution. Synthesis innovations, including one-pot hydrothermal and mechanochemical approaches, have reduced complexity and energy demand. Nonetheless, critical challenges remain regarding real-world deployment, including limited testing in complex water matrices, the absence of scalable photocatalytic systems, and a lack of techno-economic and lifecycle assessments. This review highlights barriers from PET sourcing to photocatalyst durability and outlines research priorities to support implementation. Valorizing PET into MOF offers a promising route toward circular economy solutions, provided that scalability, cost, and environmental impact are thoroughly addressed.

Context: Following a lateral ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability (CAI) subjects show recurrent episodes of giving way, while copers do not exhibit giving way and overcome the challenging condition of postural control. During gait initiation (GI), individuals with CAI reveal shorter center of pressure (COP) displacement and earlier muscle activity compared with healthy controls. Copers have not been previously compared with healthy controls and individuals with CAI during GI. Design : The study design was cross-sectional. Method : Sixty participants (20 CAI, 20 copers, and 20 healthy controls) with a right (dominant) limb injury participated in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The short form of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was filled out. Participants performed GI with the nonaffected leg on the force plate that was synchronized with Electromyography Megawin for 2 strides. GI was divided into 3 phases based on COP excursion (S1, S2, and S3). Onset time and electromyography activity of both soleus and tibialis anterior muscles were analyzed along with maximum and mean excursion and velocity of COP excursion in the anterior–posterior and medial–lateral directions and the total phases of GI. Results : The results indicated that the copers had a significantly higher peak of COP excursion in the medial–lateral direction during S2 ( P  = .029), S3 ( P  = .018), and total phases ( P  = .018) of GI compared with the individuals with CAI. Additionally, individuals with CAI showed earlier activation of the right soleus compared with healthy controls ( P  = .022). There was a significant difference in short form of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia scores between individuals with CAI and other groups ( P  < .001). Conclusion : The findings demonstrated that individuals with CAI had earlier soleus activation and supraspinal alteration compared with controls. Copers who had lower Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia scores exhibited an increased peak of COP excursion in the medial–lateral direction during GI compared with individuals with CAI.

A zeolitic imidazolate framework and cadmium sulfide hybrid (CdS/ZIF-11, CdS: 14, 32, 50, 68 mg) were created for the first time, and its efficacy as a photocatalyst for Tetracycline (TC) degradation was examinedXRD, FTIR, DRS, PL, FESEM, EDS, BET, and EIS were used to characterize the synthetic materials.The distinct peaks of ZIF-11 and CdS were found in the XRD patterns of composites at 4.37° and 26.85°, resp.However, the combination CdS(68)/ZIF-11 did not produce any ZIF-11 structure.FESEM images of composites showed that the RHO morphol. of ZIF-11 was evident and that the ZIF-11 surface was coated with CdS nanoparticles.Their relative band gaps were found to be 4.05, 1.83, (2.32 and 3.67), (2.05 and 3.8)eV for CdS, ZIF-11, CdS(32)/ZIF-11, and CdS(50)/ZIF-11.ZIF-11, CdS(32)/ZIF-11, and CdS(50)/ZIF-11 samples were found to have surface areas of 219.02, 30.965, and 186.23 m²/g, resp.The electron/hole recombination in the CdS(32)/ZIF-11 nanostructure was lower than in ZIF-11, per PL and EIS studies.The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 20 ppm TC solution, pH = 7, under visible light using 0.1 g/L of CdS(32)/ZIF-11 was three times higher than that of other composites.Therefore, this composite was selected as the best sample and the degradation operating parameters were optimized using it.The optimal photocatalyst concentration under visible light irradiation by CdS(32)/ZIF-11, was determined to be (0.55 mg/L or 0.11 g), pH = 5 and the TC concentration was (40 mg/L or 0.008 g), resulting in a maximum efficiency of 79.2%.TC (40 ppm) degrades with a first order rate constant equal to 0.016 min^-1.The CdS(32)/ZIF-11 sample was suggested to be subject to the Z-scheme mechanism.For three successive cycles, the aforementioned sample exhibited satisfactory stability.All things considered, the CdS/ZIF-11 combination may find impressive uses in pollution treatment.