Prairie View A&M University

A rapidly spreading virus threatens the health of the cacao tree and the dried seeds from which chocolate is made, jeopardizing the global supply of the world's most popular treat. Researchers have developed a new strategy: using mathematical data to determine how far apart farmers can plant vaccinated trees to prevent mealybugs from jumping from one tree to another and spreading the virus. A rapidly spreading virus threatens the health of the cacao tree and the dried seeds from which chocolate is made, jeopardizing the global supply of the world's most popular treat. About 50% of the world's chocolate originates from cacao trees in the West Africa countries of Ivory Coast and Ghana. The damaging virus is attacking cacao trees in Ghana, resulting in harvest losses of between 15 and 50%. Spread by small insects called mealybugs that eat the leaves, buds and flowers of trees, the cacao swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) is among the most damaging threats to the root ingredient of chocolate. "This virus is a real threat to the global supply of chocolate," said Benito Chen-Charpentier, professor of mathematics at The University of Texas at Arlington and an author of "Cacao sustainability: The case of cacao swollen-shoot virus co-infection" in the journal PLoS One. "Pesticides don't work well against mealybugs, leaving farmers to try to prevent the spread of the disease by cutting out infected trees and breeding resistant trees. But despite these efforts, Ghana has lost more than 254 million cacao trees in recent years." Farmers can combat the mealybugs by giving vaccines to the trees to inoculate them from the virus. But the vaccines are expensive, especially for low-wage farmers, and vaccinated trees produce a smaller harvest of cacao, compounding the devastation of the virus. Chen-Charpentier and colleagues from the University of Kansas, Prairie View A&M, the University of South Florida and the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana have developed a new strategy: using mathematical data to determine how far apart farmers can plant vaccinated trees to prevent mealybugs from jumping from one tree to another and spreading the virus. "Mealybugs have several ways of movement, including moving from canopy to canopy, being carried by ants or blown by the wind," Chen-Charpentier said. "What we needed to do was create a model for cacao growers so they could know how far away they could safely plant vaccinated trees from unvaccinated trees in order to prevent the spread of the virus while keeping costs manageable for these small farmers." By experimenting with mathematical patterning techniques, the team created two different types of models that allow farmers to create a protective layer of vaccinated cacao trees around unvaccinated trees. "While still experimental, these models are exciting because they would help farmers protect their crops while helping them achieve a better harvest," Chen-Charpentier said. "This is good for the farmers' bottom line, as well as our global addiction to chocolate."

Researchers combined artificial intelligence and chemical biosensors to ferment the precursor of an Alzheimer's drug in bacteria. Galantamine is a common medication used by people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia around the world to treat their symptoms. Unfortunately, synthesizing the active compounds in a lab at the scale needed isn't commercially viable. The active ingredient is extracted from daffodils through a time-consuming process, and unpredictable factors, such as weather and crop yields, can affect supply and price of the drug. Now, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have developed tools -- including an artificial intelligence system and glowing biosensors -- to harness microbes one day to do all the work instead. In a paper in Nature Communications, researchers outline a process using genetically modified bacteria to create a chemical precursor of galantamine as a byproduct of the microbe's normal cellular metabolism. Essentially, the bacteria are programmed to convert food into medicinal compounds. "The goal is to eventually ferment medicines like this in large quantities," said Andrew Ellington, a professor of molecular biosciences and author of the study. "This method creates a reliable supply that is much less expensive to produce. It doesn't have a growing season, and it can't be impacted by drought or floods." Danny Diaz, a postdoctoral fellow with the Deep Proteins research group in UT's Institute for Foundations of Machine Learning (IFML), developed an AI system called MutComputeX that is key to the process. It identifies how to mutate proteins inside the bacteria to improve their efficiency and operating temperature in order to maximize production of a needed medicinal chemical. "This system helped identify mutations that would make the bacteria more efficient at producing the target molecule," Diaz said. "In some cases, it was up to three times as efficient as the natural system found in daffodils." The process of harnessing microbes to produce useful byproducts is nothing new. Brewers use yeast to make alcohol, and bacteria help create cheese and yogurt. Microbial fermentation is currently used to make certain types of insulin for diabetes treatment, hormones and recombinant proteins used in several drugs such as autoimmune treatments, and even vaccines. But applying AI in the process is relatively new and expands what is possible with microbial fermentation. The research team genetically modified E. coli to produce 4-O'Methyl-norbelladine, a chemical building block of galantamine. The complex molecule is in a family of compounds extracted from daffodils that have medicinal uses in treating conditions such as cancer, fungal infections and viral infections, but using microbial fermentation to create a chemical in this family is new. The scientists also created a fluorescent biosensor to quickly detect and analyze which bacteria were producing the desired chemicals and how much. When the biosensor, a specially created protein, comes into contact with the chemical researchers wanted to create, it glows green. "The biosensor allows us to test and analyze samples in seconds when it used to take something like five minutes each," said Simon d'Oelsnitz, a postdoctoral researcher formerly at UT Austin and now at Harvard University, the first author of the paper. "And the machine learning program allows us to easily narrow candidates from tens of thousands to tens. Put together, these are really powerful tools." Wantae Kim, Daniel Acosta, Tyler Dangerfield, Mason Schechter, James Howard, Hannah Do, James Loy, Hal Alper and Y. Jessie Zhang of UT and Matthew Minus of Prairie View A&M University were also authors of the paper. The research was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation supports IFML. Computing resources were provided by Advanced Micro Devices. Those involved in this research have submitted required financial disclosure forms with the University, and Ellington, Diaz and d'Oelsnitz have filed a patent application on materials described in this text. Diaz and d'Oelsnitz are each involved with startups related to this research.

FORT WORTH, Texas, Feb. 28, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Inc. magazine today revealed that TimelyMD, the leading virtual health and well-being solution in higher education, is the fastest-growing private company in Fort Worth. Landing in the No. 16 spot overall on the annual Inc. 5000 Regionals Southwest list – the most prestigious ranking of the fastest-growing private companies based in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas – TimelyMD ranked third among health services companies and fourth in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Founded in 2017 as the first telehealth company exclusively focused on higher education, TimelyMD now serves more than 1.5 million students by providing 24/7 mental health support, medical care and basic needs assistance and peer support. Its TimelyCare platform is a 24/7 virtual extension of campus health and counseling center resources, with a goal of improving student well-being, engagement and retention. More than 250 colleges and universities across the country trust TimelyMD to help their students be well and thrive, including Duke University, Emory University, Georgetown University, Johns Hopkins University, George Mason University, Indiana University, Northwestern University, Pepperdine University, Prairie View A&M University, University of Chicago, University of South Florida, University of Virginia, and Virginia Tech. One out of every 10 community college students across the country has access to TimelyCare, with system agreements in CA, CT and VA. "Student health and well-being is the pathway to student success. It requires an all-hands-on-deck approach – from peer support to counseling, on-campus or online – and demand for TimelyCare services has never been higher and more critical," said Luke Hejl, CEO and co-founder of TimelyMD. "As students' needs evolve, so do we. It is essential that TimelyMD grow and scale to deliver the highest quality of inclusive, evidence-based care alongside our campus partners and meet the needs of each and every student we serve. This incredible recognition by Inc. solidifies our standing as the market-leader in complete virtual care for college students." TimelyMD was recently recognized as the fastest growing technology company in North Texas by Tech Titans, and was named the ninth-fastest growing health services company in the country on the Inc. 5000 list. Complete results of the Inc. 5000 Regionals list can be found at inc.com/regionals. "This year's Inc. 5000 Regional winners represent one of the most exceptional and exciting lists of America's off-the-charts growth companies. They're disruptors and job creators, and all delivered an outsize impact on the economy. Remember their names and follow their lead. These are the companies you'll be hearing about for years to come," says Scott Omelianuk, editor-in-chief of Inc. magazine. About TimelyMD TimelyMD is the leading virtual health and well-being solution for higher education. Its mission is to improve the well-being of college students by making virtual medical and mental health care accessible anytime, anywhere. TimelyMD's virtual care platform, TimelyCare, includes a range of services, including mental health counseling, on-demand emotional support, medical care, psychiatric care, health coaching, basic needs assistance, faculty and staff guidance, peer support and digital self-care content. Visit timely.md to learn how TimelyMD is inspiring the digital transformation of campus health and the future of student care. More about Inc. and the Inc. 5000 Regionals Methodology The 2023 Inc. 5000 Regionals are ranked according to percentage revenue growth when comparing 2019 and 2021. To qualify, companies must have been founded and generating revenue by March 31, 2019. They had to be U.S.-based, privately held, for-profit, and independent—not subsidiaries or divisions of other companies—as of December 31, 2021. (Since then, a number of companies on the list have gone public or been acquired.) The minimum revenue required for 2019 is $100,000; the minimum for 2021 is $1 million. As always, Inc. reserves the right to decline applicants for subjective reasons. About Inc. Media The world's most trusted business-media brand, Inc. offers entrepreneurs the knowledge, tools, connections, and community to build great companies. Its award-winning multiplatform content reaches more than 50 million people each month across a variety of channels including websites, newsletters, social media, podcasts, and print. Its prestigious Inc. 5000 list, produced every year since 1982, analyzes company data to recognize the fastest-growing privately held businesses in the United States. The global recognition that comes with inclusion in the 5000 gives the founders of the best businesses an opportunity to engage with an exclusive community of their peers and the credibility that helps them drive sales and recruit talent. The associated Inc. 5000 Conference is part of a highly acclaimed portfolio of bespoke events produced by Inc. For more information, visit . SOURCE TimelyMD