AbstractCarbonic anhydrase‐9 (CA9) is highly expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells despite no expression in normal kidney tissues. Thus, CA9 has been proposed as a theranostic target for radioligand therapy (RLT). However, ccRCC tends to be radioresistant and may not effectively respond to RLT. Alternatively, CA9 can be targeted for near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) of ccRCC. Here, we sought to test NIR‐PIT using CA9 in a preclinical model of ccRCC to determine its potential as a therapeutic strategy. Tissue microarray analysis showed that membrane CA9 was expressed in the majority of ccRCC cases. In vitro, CA9‐targeted NIR‐PIT induced cell membrane damage and cell killing in all CA9‐expressing ccRCC cell lines specifically, UOK154, UOK220, and UOK122. In vivo, CA9‐targeted NIR‐PIT significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in UOK154 and UOK220 subcutaneous xenograft models. Notably, 70%–80% of mice achieved complete remission after a single treatment of NIR‐PIT. Additionally, remaining tumors after the first NIR‐PIT persistently expressed CA9, suggesting that remaining tumors can be treated with repeated NIR‐PIT. Furthermore, CA9‐targeted NIR‐PIT induced significant cytoplasmic damages on ccRCC cells in UOK154 orthotopic xenograft models. In conclusion, CA9‐targeted NIR‐PIT, which allow for safe and repeated application on the same lesion, is a promising treatment for ccRCC, especially in the management of multiple primary ccRCC (e.g., von Hippel–Lindau syndrome) and oligometastatic ccRCC.