Introduction:Sepsis, like neutropenic sepsis, is a medical condition in which our body overreacts
to infectious agents. It is associated with damage to normal tissues and organs by the immune system, which
leads to the spread of inflammation throughout our body. Of note, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to
have a critical role in the sepsis progression. Such miRNAs are registered in the miRNA databases, such as
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), with a specific identifier and unique characteristics. There is also computational
software, such as TargetScan, that are broadly employed for the analysis of miRNAs, including their
identification, target prediction, and functional analysis.Methods:The current In-silico study aimed to predict miRNAs involved in sepsis progression. To this end, the
GEO database was employed to find the sepsis-related genome profile. Afterward, down-regulated genes were
selected for further bioinformatics analysis with the assumption that their decreased expression is associated
with an increased sepsis progression. The miRNAs complementary to the selected genes were then predicted
using TargetScan software. Based on the current In-silico analysis, seven miRNAs, including hsa-miR-325-3p,
hsa-miR-146a-3p, hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-145-5p, and has-miR-181 family,
were predicted to participate in sepsis pathogenesis. Among the predicted miRNAs, hsa-miR-325-3p has
not been previously predicted or validated to be involved in septic conditions.Results:Our prediction results showed that hsa-miR-325-3p may target genes implicating in both anti- (ETFB
gene) and pro-inflammatory (TCEA1 and PTPN1 genes) responses, suggesting it is an immune hemostasis regulator
during sepsis inflammation. Although the role of other predicted miRNAs has been already validated in
the sepsis pathogenesis, the current study predicted new targets of these miRNAs, which have not been reported
by previous In-silico or experimental studies on sepsis and other pathogenic conditions. Notably, other miRNAs,
including hsa-miR-146a-3p, hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p, and hsa-miR-145-5p
were predicted to target genes participating in inflammatory responses, including BLOC1S1, POLR2G, PTPN1,
TCEA1, and CCT3.Conclusion:In conclusion, the results of the present study can provide promising targets as therapeutic and diagnostic
tools to treat and manage inflammation sepsis, such as neutropenic sepsis. However, these findings
should be further evaluated in experimental studies to find their exact effects and underlying mechanisms.