Article
作者: Patterson, Erin ; Sethna, Zachary ; Yadav, Mahesh ; Zhang, Siqi Linsey ; Soares, Kevin C ; Balachandran, Vinod P ; Pang, Nan ; Basturk, Olca ; Müller, Felicitas ; Milighetti, Martina ; Bruno, Emmanuel M ; Mellman, Ira ; Guasp, Pablo ; Payne, George ; Reiche, Charlotte ; Drebin, Jeffrey ; Lihm, Jayon ; Cheng, Charlotte ; Kingham, T Peter ; O'Reilly, Eileen M ; Wei, Alice C ; Epstein, Andrew S ; Ceglia, Nicholas ; Rojas, Luis A ; Wolchok, Jedd D ; Ohmoto, Akihiro ; Sahin, Ugur ; Amisaki, Masataka ; Lyudovyk, Olga ; Elhanati, Yuval ; Manning, Luisa ; D'Angelica, Michael I ; Park, Wungki ; Zebboudj, Abderezak ; Won, Elizabeth ; Gönen, Mithat ; Desai, Avni ; Greenbaum, Benjamin D ; Odgerel, Zagaa ; Merghoub, Taha ; Varghese, Anna M ; Jarnagin, William R ; Derhovanessian, Evelyna ; Momtaz, Parisa ; Sugarman, Ryan ; Türeci, Özlem ; Rhee, Ina
A fundamental challenge for cancer vaccines is to generate long-lived functional T cells that are specific for tumour antigens. Here we find that mRNA-lipoplex vaccines against somatic mutation-derived neoantigens may solve this challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a lethal cancer with few mutations. At an extended 3.2-year median follow-up from a phase 1 trial of surgery, atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitory antibody), autogene cevumeran1 (individualized neoantigen vaccine with backbone-optimized uridine mRNA-lipoplex nanoparticles) and modified (m) FOLFIRINOX (chemotherapy) in patients with PDAC, we find that responders with vaccine-induced T cells (n = 8) have prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS; median not reached) compared with non-responders without vaccine-induced T cells (n = 8; median RFS 13.4 months; P = 0.007). In responders, autogene cevumeran induces CD8+ T cell clones with an average estimated lifespan of 7.7 years (range 1.5 to roughly 100 years), with approximately 20% of clones having latent multi-decade lifespans that may outlive hosts. Eighty-six percent of clones per patient persist at substantial frequencies approximately 3 years post-vaccination, including clones with high avidity to PDAC neoepitopes. Using PhenoTrack, a novel computational strategy to trace single T cell phenotypes, we uncover that vaccine-induced clones are undetectable in pre-vaccination tissues, and assume a cytotoxic, tissue-resident memory-like T cell state up to three years post-vaccination with preserved neoantigen-specific effector function. Two responders recurred and evidenced fewer vaccine-induced T cells. Furthermore, recurrent PDACs were pruned of vaccine-targeted cancer clones. Thus, in PDAC, autogene cevumeran induces de novo CD8+ T cells with multiyear longevity, substantial magnitude and durable effector functions that may delay PDAC recurrence. Adjuvant mRNA-lipoplex neoantigen vaccines may thus solve a pivotal obstacle for cancer vaccination.