Lanoteplase

Propolis mouthwash (PROP-M) has demonstrated antibacterial properties like those of chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX-M). However, its impact on the abundance of oral nitrite-producing species (NPS) and nitrite-producing activity (NPA) remains unexplored.

Forty-five healthy individuals were randomised into 2 groups to rinse their mouth twice a day for seven days with either CHX-M (n = 21) or PROP-M (n = 24). Metagenomic sequencing (16S rRNA) was performed on saliva samples collected before and after each treatment. Additionally, salivary biomarkers and blood pressure were measured.

CHX-M increased the relative abundance of NPS (p < 0.001) but significantly impaired the NPA (p < 0.001) compared to baseline and PROP-M. No significant differences in the relative abundance of NPS and NPA were observed in the PROP-M group. However, a significant increase of plasma nitrate (+7 µmol/L, p = 0.047) and a decrease in systolic BP (-2 mmHg, p = 0.022) was observed in this group compared to the baseline.

The results indicate that PROP-M had a smaller effect on the abundance of NPS and NPA compared to CHX-M. Additionally, PROP-M reduced blood pressure in healthy individuals, but this effect was not associated with changes in the oral microbiome.

We report a novel mechanism in adventitious root formation, where a non-canonical auxin response factor, RpARF12, uniquely integrates continuous light (CL) signals with auxin pathways to regulate adventitious root formation in Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust). Unlike typical ARFs, the RpARF12 lacks the C-terminal dimerization (CTD) domain, suggesting its function through auxin-independent regulatory pathways. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that RpARF12 expression is significantly induced by CL and plays a crucial role in adventitious root formation under these conditions. Heterologous transformation of RpARF12 into model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, and Populus alba × P. glandulosa (poplar 84K), significantly promoted adventitious root formation, particularly under CL. Additionally, the application of exogenous auxin further increased the number and length of roots in RpARF12-overexpressed A. thaliana plants under CL by 1.60 and 1.37 times, respectively, compared to wild-type plants. The auxin polar transport inhibitor NPA decreased root formation in the RpARF12-overexpressed A. thaliana plants under CL conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory role of photoperiod, specifically CL, on adventitious root formation and highlights the important role of RpARF12 in this process.