Article
作者: Varner, Michael W ; Masenya, Masebole S ; Wen, Judy ; Polack, Fernando P ; Marshall, Helen S ; Shinde, Vivek ; Calvert, Anna ; Perrett, Kirsten P ; Simões, Eric A F ; de Jesus, Joanne N ; Heath, Paul T ; Libster, Romina ; Baqui, Abdullah H ; Cho, Iksung ; Fix, Amy ; Piedra, Pedro A ; Cutland, Clare L ; Fries, Louis F ; Llapur, Conrado J ; Lucero, Marilla ; Vatish, Manu ; Meece, Jennifer K ; Richmond, Peter C ; Shakib, Julie H ; Zaman, Khalequ ; Hammitt, Laura ; Agrawal, Sapeckshita ; Stoney, Tanya ; Kimberlin, David W ; Zar, Heather J ; Khalil, Asma ; Snape, Matthew D ; Cotton, Mark F ; August, Allison ; Munoz, Flor M ; Jones, Christine E ; Madhi, Shabir A ; Thomas, D Nigel ; Gonik, Bernard ; Martinón-Torres, Federico ; Nolan, Terry M ; Pérez Marc, Gonzalo ; Trenholme, Adrian A ; Swamy, Geeta K ; Vrbicky, Keith ; Tita, Alan T ; Plested, Joyce S ; Ahmed, Khatija ; Englund, Janet A ; Chen, Janice ; Osman, Ayman ; Glenn, Gregory M
Summary of study:A multi-country randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F-protein nanoparticle vaccine was undertaken in 4,636 pregnant women and their infants. RSV F-protein vaccine was safe and immunogenic in the pregnant women inducing anti-F IgG, palivizumab-competing antibodies and RSV neutralizing antibodies that were transferred to the fetus. Although the primary endpoint of prevention of RSV-specific medically-significant lower respiratory tract infection (MS-LRTI) was not met per protocol criteria for efficacy (i.e. 97.52% lower bound >30%), vaccine efficacy was 39.4% (97.52% CI: -1.0, 63.7%; p=0.0278) in infants 0-90 days age. Furthermore, there was a 58.8% (95% CI 31.9, 75.0%) lower rate of RSV LRTI with severe hypoxemia (secondary endpoint) through to 90 days of age in the expanded intent-to-treat analysis. The number of women needed to be vaccinated to prevent RSV-specific MS-LRTI or LRTI with severe hypoxemia in their infants through to 180 days of life were 88 and 82, respectively.
Background:RSV is the dominant cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants, with most severe disease concentrated in younger-age infants.
Methods:Healthy, pregnant women between 28 and 36 weeks gestation, with expected delivery near the start of the RSV season, were randomized to a single intramuscular dose of nanoparticle RSV F-protein vaccine, or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Their infants were followed for 180 days for medically-significant LRTI (MS-LRTI), LRTI with severe hypoxemia and/or LRTI- hospitalization. RSV detection was performed centrally by PCR. Safety evaluation continued until 364 days age.
Results:4,636 women were randomized, with 4,579 live births. Over the first 90 days of life, efficacy against RSV-MS-LRTI was 39.4% (97.52%CI: -1.0, 63.7%; p=0.0278) and 41.4% (95%CI: 5.3, 61.2%) in the per protocol and expanded intent-to-treat (eITT) analyses, respectively. There was a lower rate (efficacy 58.8%; 95%CI 31.9, 75.0% in eITT analysis; not adjusted for multiplicity) of RSV-LRTI with severe hypoxemia in infants of vaccinees through 90 days age. Pneumonia reported as a serious adverse events was 49.4% less common in infants of vaccinees (2.6%) than placebo-recipients through 364 days age.
Conclusions:Maternal vaccination with RSV F-nanoparticle vaccine was safe and immunogenic. The prespecified primary endpoint success criterion (efficacy 97.5% lower bound ≥30%) was not achieved. However, maternal immunization was associated with reduced risk of RSV-confirmed MS-LRTI and LRTI with severe hypoxemia in early infancy.
Trial Registration Number:ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT02624947.
Funding statement:Funded by Novavax, with supporting grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.