Effects of Imidacloprid Applied Alone or in Combination With Organosilicone Surfactants on Biological Traits and Predatory Feeding ofChrysoperla nipponensis(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

2区 · 农林科学

Article

作者: Fan, Jianbin ; Yang, Jing ; Zhang, Pengjiu ; Fan, Renjun ; Gao, Yue ; Liu, Zhongfang

AbstractOrganosilicone adjuvants are widely used to increase insecticide application on targeted surfaces. In this work, our aim was to investigate side effects of imidacloprid treatment, either applied alone or in combination with organosilicone compounds, against Chrysoperla nipponensis, an important predator of aphids. Four types of organosilicones were mixed with imidacloprid at different concentrations. The toxicity of the mixture to C. nipponensis was measured under laboratory conditions. The LC50 and LC30 of imidacloprid applied alone and in combination with 0.05% organosilicone were determined. Imidacloprid (LC30) applied alone or in combination with 0.05% organosilicone was used to treat second instar larvae of C. nipponensis; thereafter, its effects on the growth, development, longevity, reproduction, and predatory ability of C. nipponensis were evaluated The results demonstrated that the organosilicone Silwet L-77 reduced the LC50 and LC30 of imidacloprid to 6.09 (95% CI: 2.31–9.42) and 10.95 mg/L (95% CI: 8.16–13.63), respectively, and enhanced imidacloprid toxicity to C. nipponensis, as reflected by the resulting extension of the growth and developmental period, reduction in female longevity, and inhibition of reproduction. When applied alone or in combination with an organosilicone, imidacloprid reduced the consumption of Corcyra cephalonica eggs by C. nipponensis. The functional response of C. nipponensis treated with imidacloprid alone or in combination with organosilicone was type II. Concomitantly, the attack rate was reduced and the handling time of prey increased.

2020-05-01·Phytopathology®2区 · 农林科学

Discovery and Characterization of Low-Molecular Weight Inhibitors of Erwinia tracheiphila

2区 · 农林科学

Article

作者: Miller, Sally A. ; Vrisman, Cláudio M. ; Rajashekara, Gireesh ; Johnson, Reed ; Helmy, Yosra A. ; Deblais, Loïc

Plant pathogenic bacteria in the genus Erwinia cause economically important diseases, including bacterial wilt of cucurbits caused by Erwinia tracheiphila. Conventional bactericides are insufficient to control this disease. Using high-throughput screening, 464 small molecules (SMs) with either cidal or static activity at 100 µM against a cucumber strain of E. tracheiphila were identified. Among them, 20 SMs (SM1 to SM20), composed of nine distinct chemical moiety structures, were cidal to multiple E. tracheiphila strains at 100 µM. These lead SMs had low toxicity to human cells and honey bees at 100 µM. No phytotoxicity was observed on melon plants at 100 µM, except when SM12 was either mixed with Silwet L-77 and foliar sprayed or when delivered through the roots. Lead SMs did not inhibit the growth of beneficial Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species but inhibited the growth of Bacillus species. Nineteen SMs were cidal to Xanthomonas cucurbitae and showed >50% growth inhibition against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. In addition, 19 SMs were cidal or static against Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Five SMs demonstrated potential to suppress E. tracheiphila when foliar sprayed on melon plants at 2× the minimum bactericidal concentration. Thirteen SMs reduced Et load in melon plants when delivered via roots. Temperature and light did not affect the activity of SMs. In vitro cidal activity was observed after 3 to 10 h of exposure to these five SMs. Here, we report 19 SMs that provide chemical scaffolds for future development of bactericides against plant pathogenic bacterial species.

2003-02-01·Journal of Economic Entomology2区 · 农林科学

Efficacy of Silwet L-77 Against Several Arthropod Pests of Table Grape

2区 · 农林科学

Article

作者: Elizabeth J. Mitcham ; Veronique Bikoba ; Christopher Tipping ; Gabriel J. Chander

Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was applied to several arthropod pests of California table grapes. Eggs of grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn), and omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walsingham, were tolerant to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% treatment solutions; however, eggs of Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, were highly susceptible with mortality >99.4% (0.1% Silwet L-77). Mortality of immature and adult stages of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), and Pacific spider mite (Tetranychus pacificus McGregor) was > or = 93.8, > or = 98.5, and > or = 99.4% for 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% Silwet L-77, respectively. Grape mealybug crawlers had 100% mortality when treated with 0.5 and 1.0% Silwet L-77 solutions; however, mortality was only 6.7% when 0.1% Silwet L-77 was applied. 'Thompson Seedless' table grapes were not damaged when treated with up to 1% Silwet L-77; however, grapes treated with the 0.5 and 1.0% solutions appeared wet after removal from cold storage because of the effect of the surfactant spreading the water condensation. Grapes dried with the normal bloom on the berries when they reached room temperature.

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
囊性纤维化	临床2期	-	United Therapeutics Corp.	-
囊性纤维化	临床2期	美国	-	-
囊性纤维化	临床2期	-	Cortech, Inc.	-
慢性阻塞性肺疾病	临床2期	-	Cortech, Inc.	-
慢性阻塞性肺疾病	临床2期	-	United Therapeutics Corp.	-
慢性阻塞性肺疾病	临床2期	美国	-	-
肺气肿	临床2期	美国	-	-
成人呼吸窘迫综合征	临床2期	-	United Therapeutics Corp.	-
成人呼吸窘迫综合征	临床2期	-	Cortech, Inc.	-
成人呼吸窘迫综合征	临床2期	美国	-	-