右旋安非他明(Dextroamphetamine) - 药物靶点：adrenergic receptor_在研适应症：注意缺陷障碍伴多动_专利_临床

概要

基本信息

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

Dexamfetamine、CTx-1302、NSC-73713

+ [1]

靶点

adrenergic receptor

作用机制

adrenergic receptor激动剂(肾上腺素能受体家族激动剂)

治疗领域

其他疾病

在研适应症

注意缺陷障碍伴多动

非在研适应症-

原研机构

Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

在研机构

Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

非在研机构

Cingulate Therapeutics LLC

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期

美国 (2022-03-22),

注意缺陷障碍伴多动

最高研发阶段(中国)-

特殊审评-

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结构/序列

分子式C9H13N

InChIKeyKWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N

CAS号51-64-9

关联

11

项与右旋安非他明相关的临床试验

CTIS2023-508291-11-00

/ Recruiting临床2期IIT

Impact of dextroamphetamine substitution on the use of illicit amphetamines in adults with comorbid dependencies to amphetamines and opioids undergoing opioid agonist treatment: A multi-center double blind randomized controlled study (ATLAS4Dependence)

开始日期2024-09-18

申办/合作机构-

NCT05011760

/ Recruiting早期临床1期IIT

[C-11]NPA PET-amphetamine in Cocaine Use Disorders (aim 2)

This study uses [11C]NPA positron emission tomography (PET) and a d-amphetamine challenge to image amphetamine induced dopamine release in the striatum in subjects with cocaine use disorders (CUD). Amphetamine-induced dopamine release data from this study will be correlated with [11C]NOP-1A VT measured at baseline in the midbrain. [11C]NOP-1A PET data will be used from aim 1 (see, Study Record: Imaging CRF X NOP interactions in Cocaine Use Disorders)

开始日期2021-01-31

申办/合作机构

University of Pittsburgh

[+1]

NCT04296006

/ Recruiting早期临床1期IIT

Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Cocaine Choice

The objective of this protocol is to use a drug-vs-money choice task, reinforcement learning modeling and fMRI to determine the neurobehavioral and neurobiological decision-making "profile" associated with the decision to take cocaine and the reduced cocaine choice that occurs during behavioral and pharmacological interventions.

开始日期2021-01-15

申办/合作机构

University of Kentucky

[+1]

100 项与右旋安非他明相关的临床结果

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100 项与右旋安非他明相关的转化医学

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100 项与右旋安非他明相关的专利（医药）

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6,199

项与右旋安非他明相关的文献（医药）

2025-02-01·SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

Highly stable and efficient Sb doped Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode toward organic pollutants degradation by in situ generated oxidizing species

作者: Wang, Zhongde ; Ren, Qiaolin ; Zhang, Wei ; Yan, Wenjun

Electrochem. oxidation (ECO) technol. has proven to be efficient for organic wastewater treatment.Given the strong demand for the development of anodes with superior stability, high activity, and low cost that can be applied industrially, herein, a stable Sb-doped Ti/RuO₂-IrO₂-SnO₂ electrode (SSE) is fabricated and served as an anode for the degradation of aniline using diverse power supply modes.The SSE shows better performance than the Ti/RuO₂-IrO₂-SnO₂ electrode (SE) in facilitating electron transport, enlarging the electrochem. active surface area, enhancing stability, and increasing electrocatalytic activity.Theor. calculations reveal the stability and electronic properties of the synthesized electrodes.Furthermore, by degrading complex mols. and real wastewater, the practical industrial application of SSE is explored.Subsequently, the active species and possible degradation pathways are systematically elucidated.Therefore, this work provides a promising and superior-performance electrode with attractive application prospects for the high-efficient degradation of refractory organic wastewater.

2025-01-01·Drug testing and analysis

Alternative routine for reporting chiral amphetamine test results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication: experiences from 2013 to 2023

Article

作者: Villén, Tomas ; Andersson, Annika ; Helander, Anders

Abstract:

This study evaluated an alternative routine for reporting urinary chiral amphetamine results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment with amphetamine medications and for detecting side‐use of illicit racemic amphetamine. Currently in Sweden, only enantiopure d‐amphetamine‐based ADHD medications (lisdexamphetamine dimesylate and dexamphetamine sulfate) are approved. It is therefore unsuitable to express the chiral result as the l/d‐ratio, as before, because l‐amphetamine should not be present provided treatment compliance. A new routine for LC‐MS/MS chiral amphetamine testing was therefore introduced in 2020, whereby the relative proportion (%) of l‐amphetamine and the total amphetamine and creatinine concentrations are reported. Evaluation of the new routine on 24,354 results from 2013 to 2023 revealed that it was useful to distinguish ADHD medication adherence from illicit drug use as the source for a positive test. The l‐amphetamine proportion also reflected the enantiomeric content of the medications used. Overall, most results confirmed adherence to ADHD medication, as the l‐amphetamine percentage was <1% in 76% of samples (2023) which is the recommended cutoff with enantiopure d‐amphetamine medications. However, in all years, illicit drug use was indicated (>40% l‐amphetamine) in 8.3%–14.5% of cases. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the clinical value and utility of a new routine for reporting urinary chiral amphetamine results to differentiate adherence to ADHD medication from illicit drug use. Unlike the l/d‐amphetamine ratio, it considers differences in total amphetamine concentration and urine dilution, factors that can affect the interpretation.

2024-12-01·AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY

Adverse effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on hatching rate, morphological alterations, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in golden apple snail eggs

Article

作者: Thanomsit, Chutima ; Meemon, Panomsak ; Insuwan, Wilaiporn ; Prasatkaew, Witchuda ; Nanuam, Jakkaphun ; Nanthanawat, Phochit

This research investigated the effects of glyphosate herbicide on golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) eggs, focusing on hatching rates, morphological changes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression to explore its potential as a biomarker of exposure. Additionally, key bioactive components in golden apple snail eggs were characterized. The study demonstrated that glyphosate toxicity increased with both exposure time and concentration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed adverse morphological effects on eggs and embryos, including changes in shell structure and organ development. SDS-PAGE analysis identified four main protein bands, including Perivitellin 2 in three isoforms (98, 67, and 31 kDa) and Ovorubin (28 kDa). Lipids, phosphorus, and carbohydrates were identified as key components through Sudan Black B, Methyl Green, and Alcian Blue staining. AChE, with a molecular weight of 71 kDa, was further analyzed by Western blot, showing decreased expression with prolonged and higher concentrations of glyphosate exposure. GC-MS analysis identified major bioactive compounds in untreated eggs, including 3-Fluoro-β, 5-dihydroxy-N-methylbenzeneethanamine, 2-Aziridinylethylamine, and dextroamphetamine, which have pharmaceutical properties such as anti-hypertensive, diuretic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as potential applications in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. These compounds were present at lower levels in glyphosate-exposed groups, suggesting glyphosate's impact on the eggs' biochemical defense mechanisms. This study highlights the potential effects of glyphosate on golden apple snail eggs, which may have implications for future snail populations and aquatic ecosystems.

24

项与右旋安非他明相关的新闻（医药）

2025-01-31

·医药魔方

呋喹替尼2024年销售收入2.9亿美元，武田下一任首席执行官确定

1月30日，武田公布2024财年（2024年4月-2025年3月）前三季度业绩报告，总营收35282亿日元（约234.00亿美元，按2024年平均汇率100日元=0.66323美元计算，下同），同比增长4.5%（按固定汇率计算）。如果按自然年（2024年1月-2024年12月）计算，武田2024年总营收达到45790亿日元（约303.69美元）。从地域分布来看，美国市场的收入贡献最高，达到23517亿日元（约155.97亿美元）；其次是欧洲合并加拿大市场和日本市场，分别收入10409亿日元（约69.04亿美元）和4334亿日元（约28.74亿美元）。武田将其业务划分为胃肠病（GI）、罕见病、血浆衍生疗法（PDT）、肿瘤、疫苗和神经六大板块。武田2024年产品收入（亿美元）胃肠病（GI）业务在武田的整体业务收入中占比最高（29%），达到13195亿日元（约87.51亿美元）。α4β7单抗Entyvio（维得利珠单抗）是武田胃肠病业务的核心产品，已上市十年之久，其2024年收入为8807亿日元（约58.41亿美元），是目前炎症性肠病（IBD）领域最畅销的生物制剂。未来几年，Entyvio的商业预期并不乐观，一方面是这两年即将失去市场独占期，两款生物类似药（PB016和AVT16）已启动III期临床，另一方面是承受来自同领域产品的激烈竞争，而且新兴高潜力靶点已有药物进入后期开发阶段。目前，IBD已不算小众赛道，默沙东、艾伯维等跨国药企在该领域达成的多项交易吸引了众多企业入局。为应对Entyvio的专利悬崖问题，武田在2022年12月斥巨资收购了Nimbus Therapeutics的TYK2抑制剂zasocitinib（TAK-279）。该药物不仅对IBD有治疗潜力，在斑块状银屑病等自免疾病上也有客观的治疗前景。目前，zasocitinib正在开展多项III期临床，武田预计在2026财年提交其上市申请。此外，武田预计2026财年也可披露zasocitinib治疗溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的IIb期研究数据。在罕见病领域，武田专注于在遗传性血管性水肿（HAE）领域寻找突破性疗法。已上市6年多的Takhzyro（拉那利尤单抗）是目前HAE领域唯一适用于2岁及以上人群的长期预防选择。在2024年，Takhzyro为武田创造了2102亿日元（约13.94亿美元）的收入。这款产品同样面临着不小的竞争威胁，例如目前处于III期临床阶段的基因编辑疗法NTLA-2002有可能实现HAE的功能性治愈。血浆衍生疗法（PDT）业务对武田的整体业务收入也有不小的贡献，总收入为10133亿日元（约67.21亿美元），其中Immunoglobulin（人免疫球蛋白皮下制剂）提供了7350亿日元（约48.75亿美元）的收入，是武田的第二大收入品种。未来，武田计划继续投资开发创新且具有差异化优势的免疫球蛋白产品。在肿瘤领域，武田自和黄医药引进的Fruzaqla（呋喹替尼）交出了不错的商业化成绩，在2024年为其带来了438亿日元（约2.9亿美元）的收入，超出武田原本的预期。Fruzaqla是结直肠癌患者的创新治疗选择，无论生物标志物状态如何，该药物作为后线治疗均可为转移性结直肠癌患者带来显著的生存获益。在神经领域，武田目前主攻注意缺陷多动障碍领域，凭借Vyvanse/Elvanse（利右苯丙胺）、Adderall XR（安非他明+右旋安非他明）和Intuniv（胍法辛）三款产品在该领域建立起了市场地位。其中，Vyvanse/Elvanse还是暴食症领域的唯一治疗选择。不过，这款产品已在2023年8月失去市场独占期，其销售额已经开始走入下坡路。在推进产品开发之余，武田也在寻找合适的标的丰富管线布局。在2024年，武田围绕神经和血液病领域达成了4笔大额交易，包括与AC Immune的22亿美元合作、以13.75亿美元获得亚盛医药的奥雷巴替尼全球权益、出手13亿美元引进一款血液病创新药以及投资12亿美元牵手达歌生物开发分子胶降解剂。除了公布业绩，武田还透露了一则人事变动消息，现任总裁、首席执行官兼代表董事Christophe Weber将在2026年6月退休，武田美国业务部现任总裁Julie Kim将接任其职务。推荐阅读赛诺菲2024年财报：自免销冠诞生，度普利尤单抗收入142亿美元罗氏2024年财报：眼科双抗Vabysmo大卖44亿美元，中国区收入近61亿美元强生2024年财报出炉！达雷妥尤单抗116亿美元，传奇CAR-T同比增长92.7% Copyright © 2025 PHARMCUBE. All Rights Reserved. 欢迎转发分享及合理引用，引用时请在显要位置标明文章来源；如需转载，请给微信公众号后台留言或发送消息，并注明公众号名称及ID。免责申明：本微信文章中的信息仅供一般参考之用，不可直接作为决策内容，医药魔方不对任何主体因使用本文内容而导致的任何损失承担责任。

财报临床3期生物类似药疫苗并购

2024-10-06

·奇点网

“聪明药”可不一定真能变聪明！

*仅供医学专业人士阅读参考从几年前到现在，不少新闻都报道了“聪明药”的滥用，传说中，“聪明药”可以让人更专注，不怎么休息也能长时间保持头脑清醒和思维敏捷，所以会有学生在重要考试前夕服用。实际上，这些“聪明药”主要就是治疗注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的中枢兴奋剂类药物，例如哌甲酯和安非他明，即使前者是我国一类管制精神类药品，后者在我国尚未批准上市，也挡不住一些违规处方和代购。但是，中枢兴奋剂类药物也有相应的不良反应，包括头晕、头痛、失眠、眩晕、心悸和胃肠道反应等。甚至安非他明由于显著增加突触前多巴胺释放量，与精神疾病患者中观察到的现象一致，而存在增加精神疾病风险的担忧。在最近的《美国精神病学杂志》上，美国麦克莱恩医院的研究团队通过病例对照研究揭示，与过去一个月内未服用相比，服用安非他明与精神疾病和躁狂症风险增加168%有关，且存在剂量反应关系，高剂量（＞30mg右旋安非他明当量）与风险增加428%有关，相比之下，服用哌甲酯则与风险增加无关[1]。这项研究使用麻省总医院百瀚医疗系统（MGB）的电子医疗记录数据，纳入了2005-2019年间在麦克莱恩医院首次因精神疾病或躁狂症入院的16-35岁患者作为病例组，研究人员为每位患者匹配了2名没有精神疾病和躁狂症史，因抑郁和/或焦虑障碍入院的患者作为对照组。病例组和对照组分别纳入了1374例和2748例患者，病例组中，60.6%因精神疾病入院，28.2%因有精神疾病特征的发作性躁狂症入院，11.1%因无精神疾病特征的发作性躁狂症入院。研究筛选流程和最终入组人数在过去一个月中，有415例参与者服用过安非他明，病例组和对照组分别为204例和211例，病例组报告非处方中枢兴奋剂类药物滥用的更多，但大多数参与者仍然是通过处方获取安非他明的（病例组和对照组分别为79.4%和89.1%）。在校正了人口统计学因素、基础精神疾病、精神类药物和家族史因素后，研究人员发现，与未服用相比，过去一个月内服用安非他明与精神疾病和躁狂症风险增加168%有关，且存在剂量反应关系，低（≤15mg）、中（＞15至30mg）和高（＞30mg）剂量分别与风险增加79%、251%和428%有关。病例组与对照组在过去一个月内服用安非他明的情况和精神疾病/躁狂症风险在精神疾病和躁狂症的风险归因占比方面，任意剂量的处方安非他明为62.7%，高剂量为81.0%。研究人员还发现，在≤22岁的参与者中，安非他明的影响小于＞22岁的参与者，风险增加分别为126%和310%。在不同性别中没有这样的差异。在过去一个月内，病例组和对照组分别有37例和102例参与者服用哌甲酯，与未服用相比，服用哌甲酯与精神疾病和躁狂症的风险增加无关，参与者的哌甲酯服用剂量显著低于安非他明（平均右旋安非他明当量：哌甲酯为18.1mg，安非他明为25.2mg）。综上所述，服用安非他明与精神疾病和躁狂症的风险显著增加有关，并且风险会随着剂量的升高而升高，而哌甲酯与风险增加无关。这一结果与此前一项大型队列发现的，安非他明相比哌甲酯与精神疾病风险增加有关[2]相一致。研究人员指出，中枢兴奋剂类药物的标签上没有剂量上限，为患者开具的药物剂量主要取决于医生对病情严重程度的判断，但根据本研究的结果，精神疾病和躁狂症的风险会随药物剂量增加，需要引起注意。至于想要尝试“聪明药”的朋友，最好也还是收手吧~参考文献：[1] Moran L V, Skinner J P, Shinn A K, et al. Risk of Incident Psychosis and Mania With Prescription Amphetamines[J]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2024: appi. ajp. 20230329.[2] Moran L V, Ongur D, Hsu J, et al. Psychosis with methylphenidate or amphetamine in patients with ADHD[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2019, 380(12): 1128-1138.本文作者丨应雨妍

临床结果

2024-09-17

·drugs

Rx Amphetamine Use Linked to Increased Odds of Psychosis, Mania

TUESDAY, Sept. 17, 2024 -- Past-month prescription amphetamine use is associated with increased odds of psychosis and mania , with increased odds for high doses (>30 mg dextroamphetamine equivalents), according to a study published online Sept. 12 in The American Journal of Psychiatry . Lauren V. Moran, M.D., M.P.H., from McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, and colleagues conducted a case-control study using electronic health records to compare the odds of incident psychosis or mania with past-month exposure to prescription amphetamines. Cases were patients aged 16 to 35 years hospitalized for incident psychosis or mania between 2005 and 2019 (1,374 individuals), and controls were patients with an initial psychiatric hospitalization for other reasons, most commonly depression and/or anxiety (2,748 individuals). The researchers found that compared with no use, past-month prescription amphetamine use was associated with increased odds of psychosis and mania among cases and controls (adjusted odds ratio, 2.68; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.90 to 3.77). There was a dose-response relationship, with high doses of amphetamines (>30 mg dextroamphetamine equivalents) associated with 5.28-fold increased odds of psychosis or mania. Compared with no use, past-month methylphenidate use was not associated with increased odds of psychosis or mania (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.54 to 1.55). "The clinical utility of prescribing doses of amphetamines that exceed 30 mg dextroamphetamine equivalents is unproven; coupled with the elevated risk of inducing psychosis or mania, we recommend minimizing this practice," the authors write. Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

临床结果

100 项与右旋安非他明相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	右旋安非他明	N06BA02	DB01576

研发状态

10 条最早获批的记录,

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
注意缺陷障碍伴多动	美国	Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2022-03-22

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT02773212 (CTgov)	临床2期	可卡因相关疾病 \| 快感缺乏	57	Contingency management+d-amphetamine (d-Amphetamine and Contingency Management)	選觸積製壓餘憲遞鏇壓(衊襯糧願製衊廠餘醖繭) = 築鹹糧觸蓋積鹽網選鏇壓艱膚襯糧願蓋積觸觸 (淵獵膚願壓鏇範鏇網窪, 獵範鹹襯網鹽顧壓鹽蓋 ~ 構齋餘積廠觸選窪繭選) 更多	-	2024-08-09
				d-amphetamine (d-Amphetamine Alone)	選觸積製壓餘憲遞鏇壓(衊襯糧願製衊廠餘醖繭) = 鹽網鏇鏇願蓋範壓繭衊壓艱膚襯糧願蓋積觸觸 (淵獵膚願壓鏇範鏇網窪, 鑰衊簾網襯壓積餘鹹選 ~ 選淵顧廠選衊網齋製積) 更多
NCT01711021 (Pubmed \| J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol)	临床2期	注意缺陷障碍伴多动	106	Dextroamphetamine	鏇壓網廠繭襯構鏇製窪(鑰鹽鏇鏇鹽鹽鑰蓋築網): difference = -5.87 (95% CI, -4.97 ~ 6.76), P-Value = < 0.001 更多	积极	2022-01-11
				placebo
ENDO2021	N/A	下丘脑性肥胖症	18	Dextroamphetamine	範齋壓艱醖糧構壓壓獵(製艱餘構齋醖鑰醖齋選) = one patient discontinued treatment after one month, due to hypertension 觸遞繭衊鹹蓋簾鑰鑰顧 (蓋壓構鹹網糧鬱窪蓋鏇 ) 更多	积极	2021-05-03
NCT02383043 (CTgov)	早期临床1期	可卡因相关疾病	18	Cocaine+Sustained Release d-Amphetamine	簾選製願糧夢糧艱醖糧(簾選夢糧壓製鹹膚遞膚) = 餘製鑰壓齋鑰衊糧糧衊選醖繭壓壓顧觸蓋壓範 (顧衊衊繭膚廠鬱鬱鏇鹹, 繭艱衊鑰齋艱鹽艱壓鹽 ~ 築製願願鏇鹹鏇鏇廠糧) 更多	-	2019-04-11
NCT00363298 (CTgov)	N/A	强迫症	24	dextro-amphetamine	糧餘鹹夢淵積鹹鹹顧獵(襯範願範壓範鹹醖積觸) = 憲鑰壓夢淵構襯憲廠鹹簾積鹽構製憲糧積鹽網 (構糧遞鏇餘簾觸餘齋構, 築顧鑰鹹繭簾選製選餘 ~ 範範遞膚壓窪醖壓鹹繭) 更多	-	2017-03-28
NCT00363298 (Pubmed \| J Clin Psychiatry)	N/A	强迫症	24	d-amphetamine 30 mg/d	廠憲衊窪製夢鏇齋願製(觸齋餘鹽鏇遞築鏇獵憲) = 醖壓選糧憲願鹹築遞糧鑰範糧簾顧蓋鏇襯淵簾 (齋遞蓋構網選繭夢餘觸, 20% ~ 80%)	-	2009-11-01
				caffeine 300 mg/d	廠憲衊窪製夢鏇齋願製(觸齋餘鹽鏇遞築鏇獵憲) = 構憲蓋鏇獵選鹹積壓築鑰範糧簾顧蓋鏇襯淵簾 (齋遞蓋構網選繭夢餘觸, 27% ~ 89%)
SFN2006	N/A	-	-	Placebo	鹽鹽夢簾鑰繭鹽選繭憲(簾衊選獵壓範餘繭糧鹹) = 窪選襯齋餘繭鏇鹽醖願夢衊艱鬱鑰簾簾艱範範 (網鹽鏇艱艱構鹽蓋顧鑰, 5.09)	-	2006-10-17
				Dextroamphetamine 0.3 mg/kg	鹽鹽夢簾鑰繭鹽選繭憲(簾衊選獵壓範餘繭糧鹹) = 餘範艱繭壓糧鏇蓋醖鑰夢衊艱鬱鑰簾簾艱範範 (網鹽鏇艱艱構鹽蓋顧鑰, 7.61)
SFN2002	N/A	重度抑郁症	-	d-Amphetamine (Depressed patients)	餘選鑰醖醖壓憲鑰簾願(獵齋選繭壓網範繭鏇網) = 鹹簾鏇觸製鏇範醖壓簾淵鏇積鏇衊蓋淵獵醖廠 (壓襯築窪構夢蓋憲襯選 )	积极	2002-11-05
				d-Amphetamine (Controls)	餘選鑰醖醖壓憲鑰簾願(獵齋選繭壓網範繭鏇網) = 鹹獵糧壓積糧鹹獵淵糧淵鏇積鏇衊蓋淵獵醖廠 (壓襯築窪構夢蓋憲襯選 )
SFN2000	N/A	-	-	d-amphetamine (Red light)	醖觸襯憲簾構淵憲鏇選(鹹鏇醖餘顧範膚齋構壓) = 蓋夢憲顧鹹遞簾積網衊艱憲廠衊衊積範艱積鬱 (製襯窪構顧願網選壓膚, 0.29%)	-	2000-11-07
				d-amphetamine (Blue light)	醖觸襯憲簾構淵憲鏇選(鹹鏇醖餘顧範膚齋構壓) = 願鏇艱廠鹹網觸蓋艱構艱憲廠衊衊積範艱積鬱 (製襯窪構顧願網選壓膚, 0.41%)
SFN2000	N/A	癫痫发作 \| 过高热	-	3 doses of 2.5 mg/kg	鹹獵鏇觸憲齋網遞選夢(衊獵獵壓獵獵選襯廠窪) = 鬱鏇窪壓鹹遞鹽獵衊繭壓顧齋衊鬱範艱選網獵 (廠蓋築壓鬱範觸壓淵繭 ) 更多	-	2000-11-06
				3 doses of 5 mg/kg	鹹獵鏇觸憲齋網遞選夢(衊獵獵壓獵獵選襯廠窪) = 鏇鑰齋製網選範範遞積壓顧齋衊鬱範艱選網獵 (廠蓋築壓鬱範觸壓淵繭 ) 更多