BACKGROUNDTherapeutic drug monitoring for antidepressants (ADs) is vital due to the potentially serious consequences and disputes related to medical events. Therefore, we created a quick and convenient analysis way for separation and quantification of ADs.METHODSTo ensure quantitative stability, we divided the 16 ADs or their metabolites into 4 pools (AD1-AD4), considering the hospital frequency that the clinician prescribed, the physicochemical properties of medicines, and the calibration range of selected ADs. After precipitation with methanol, the analytes were eluted for at least 3.5 min on a BEH C₁₈ analytical column by different gradient elution methods.RESULTSThe LLOQ and LOD were 1.25-10 ng/mL and 0.42-5 ng/mL, respectively. High precision (<12 %) and accuracy (87.07-111.47 %) were demonstrated by quality control samples both within and between days. All the compounds were stable at room temperature and within -80 °C.CONCLUSIONThe method is of wide clinical and laboratory interest due to simpler sample cleanup, shorter chromatographic run times, and wider calibration range compared to other methods.

2024-10-14·International Journal of Phytoremediation

Lead stabilization and remediation strategy with soil amendment in situ immobilization in contaminated range lands

Article

作者: Imran

In situ immobilization is a potential approach that can be used to remediate low-to-medium levels of heavy-metal in contaminated-soil. There is little known about how modifications to soil characteristics may affect Pb's release from soil. The four different amendments, triple-superphosphate and attapulgite were combined in Ad-1; zeolite and triple-superphosphate were in Ad-2; hydroxyapatite and humus were in Ad-3; and nano-carbon. These amendments are mostly made of phyllosilicate minerals, humus, base minerals, and nano-carbon, respectively. Results revealed that the test amendments' maximal Pb-adsorption capacity varied from 7.47 to 17.67 mg g^-1. Surface precipitation and ion-exchange were found to be the main mechanisms for Pb-adsorption by Ad-1 and Ad-2, while Ad-3 and Ad-4 were promising among the all, according to analysis of the modifications both before and after Pb loading. When the pH dropped (7-1) or the ion-strength rose (0-0.2 M), there was a discernible rise in the Pb-desorption percentages from the amendments. It was determined that Ad-3 and Ad-4 were more effective in situ immobilizing lead in contaminated-soils because of their high adsorption capacities (12.82 and 17.67 mg g^-1) and low-desorption percentages (4.46-6.23%) at ion-strengths of 0.01-0.1 mol L^-1 and pH levels ranging from 5 to 7.

2024-04-01·Heliyon

FT-IR combined with oscillatory rheology: How to evaluate chemical structure of ester derivatives of MA-containing compatibilizers

Article

作者: Varga, Csilla ; Simon-Stőger, Lilla

Ester derivatives of experimental olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers synthesized at the University of Pannonia have been investigated by both classical and instrumental analytical methods that contribute to a deeper understanding of how that type of additives functions as compatibilizers for plastics and rubbers. Titration-based acid and saponification numbers have provided limited information about the chemical structure of the experimental copolymer compounds. A prompt, precise and low-cost method or combination of methods has been required to access to the ratio of the various derivatives not only straight after esterification but also for quality control during long-term storage considering the even stricter sustainability aspects either. Reproduction and scaling-up synthesises can be also followed by the combined measuring techniques of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and oscillatory rheometry. Structural changes occurred in the additives could be followed through monitoring their Ester Indices (EI) during the measurement, which can be connected also to the long-term properties. Experimental additives (AD) like AD-1 and AD-2 types with lower EI values of 21.5 % and 32.1 %, respectively, resulted in higher upper limits of the linear viscoelastic (LVE) range (15 % and 10 %). Conversely, the higher EI values of AD-3 and AD-4 led to significantly lower or even immeasurable upper limits of the LVE range. Additives with solid behaviour showed slight dependence on frequency above the crossover point that indicated strong connections disappearing.

100 项与 AD-4 相关的药物交易

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