Interferon alpha-2b(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)

To report an unusual case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) associated with human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 infection with an atypical morphology in a young otherwise healthy patient.

A 17 year-old healthy male was referred to our department for evaluation of a corneal infiltrate with anterior stromal neovascularization in the right eye. One year before, the patient underwent an excision of a corneo-conjunctival lesion that was located inferiorly in the same eye. Histopathological analysis had shown moderate and severe dysplasia of the conjunctival epithelium and resulted positive for HPV-16. We performed a diagnostic incisional biopsy of the limbal conjunctiva and of the corneal epithelium for histological examination and molecular testing for HPV and Chlamydia by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated low-grade dysplasia of conjunctiva. PCR testing of the corneal epithelium was positive for HPV-16, similarly to the first biopsy performed by another centre. The patient was successfully treated with topical interferon alfa-2b (1,000,000 IU/ml) for a total of six months. After the treatment, the corneal infiltrate improved dramatically with regression of neovascularization and improvement of corneal transparency and vision.

The present report described an atypical presentation of HPV-related OSSN due to its unusual morphology, young age of onset and absence of associated comorbidity.

Conservative treatment with topical interferon-alpha 2b could be used to treat successfully HPV-16 positive OSSN, with no corneal irregularity or potential loss of vision compared to surgical excision.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder affecting the tunica albuginea. It can cause pain and penile deformation, and its prevalence increases with age. Although surgery is the gold standard for the chronic phase of the disease, there are several conservative treatment methods available, and the optimal management of the acute phase of the disease remains a matter of debate. In this article, we aim to summarize the recent trends in research on the subject of non‐surgical treatment of PD. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and included studies in English published between 2012 and 2022 investigating the clinical outcomes of non‐surgical PD management in humans. We have identified 20 distinct conservative treatment strategies. Among the oral therapeutics, only the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors is currently recommended for clinical use in patients with concomitant erectile dysfunction. The use of collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum is supported by the best quality evidence in terms of intralesional injections for patients suffering from significant penile curvature; however, interferon alpha‐2b can also be an option in such patients. Among other non‐invasive methods, extracorporeal shockwaves can be useful for pain reduction, and penile traction therapy can lead to a reduction in penile curvature and plaque size. Despite a wide range of non‐surgical methods available for PD treatment, the majority are not supported by sufficient scientific evidence, and the treatment efficacy is underwhelming. Further research on the subject of non‐surgical management of PD is highly warranted.