Polyethylene glycol 3350/Potassium chloride/Sodium bicarbonate/Sodium chloride/Sodium sulfate

This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the morphometric structure of the ankle joint and osteochondral lesions (OCL).

The magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the ankle joints of 127 patients (56 males, 61 females) with OCL and 124 control cases (57 males, 67 females) from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All ankle joint morphometric measurements determined for the study were performed on coronal and sagittal plane MRIs.

The fibula distal length (FDL) measurement was statistically significantly different between the OCL group and the Control group in males and females (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively). The measurement results of alpha (α) angle and delta (δ) angle showed a statistically significant difference between the OCL group and the Control group in males (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively).

The fact that FDL, alpha angle and delta angle values were significantly higher than the Control group suggests that these morphometric parameters may be a possible risk factor for talus OCL.

The locus coeruleus (LC), one of the earliest structures affected by tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), plays an important role in modulating arousal and learning. In asymptomatic early stages of AD, more sensitive measures to identify subtle cognitive changes are needed. Previous studies indicate that practice effects can signal initial AD-related learning deficits. Here, we assessed the association between LC integrity and practice effects. We combined dedicated LC-MRI methods with at-home computerized face-name letter task (FNLT), a Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), and a one card learning task (OCL) performed monthly over one year in 76 older participants from the Harvard Aging Brain Study. Higher LC integrity was related to lower MST reaction times at baseline, and lower MST and FNLT reaction times over one year. No significant associations were found with the OCL. Participants with low accuracy practice effect trajectories exhibited low baseline PACC-5 scores, whereas those with higher reaction times over time displayed low LC integrity, high entorhinal, and high amygdala tau at baseline. These findings suggest reaction times measured monthly may be a sensitive measure for early AD-related biomarkers such as LC integrity and tau burden in preclinical AD.