关键词:阿尔茨海默病精神病、remlifanserin、Acadia、Longeveron、干细胞疗法、Cassava Sciences、simufilam
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease psychosis, remlifanserin, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Longeveron, mesenchymal stem cells, Cassava Sciences, simufilam
新闻发生时间:2026年1月13-14日(JPM会议期间)
正文
在2026年摩根大通医疗健康会议(JPM会议)期间及前后,阿尔茨海默病(AD)治疗领域呈现出截然不同的发展态势:Acadia Pharmaceuticals披露其针对AD精神病的新药remlifanserin预计峰值销售额达40亿美元、Longeveron凭借干细胞疗法入选StartUp Health"登月计划"、而Cassava Sciences则在两项III期临床试验失败后宣布终止simufilam开发。这三个案例从不同角度揭示了AD药物研发的机遇、创新路径与固有风险[1][2][3]。Acadia押注remlifanserin:40亿美元的AD精神病市场野心
Acadia Pharmaceuticals在JPM会议期间的2026年1月13日宣布,其5-HT2A受体反向激动剂remlifanserin(原代号ACP-204)用于阿尔茨海默病精神病(Alzheimer's Disease Psychosis, ADP)的II期临床试验RADIANT研究将在2026年8-10月公布顶线数据[1][4][5]。
公司CEO Catherine Adams在JPM会议演示文稿中透露,Acadia的产品管线总计未调整峰值销售机会达110亿美元,其中remlifanserin预计贡献约40亿美元,覆盖AD精神病和路易体痴呆精神病(Lewy body dementia psychosis)两大适应症[6][7]。这一雄心勃勃的预期显示出公司对remlifanserin商业潜力的高度信心。
Remlifanserin是一款高度选择性的5-HT2A受体反向激动剂,通过调节血清素2A受体活性来减少精神病症状,包括幻觉和妄想[8][9]。这一作用机制与Acadia已获批产品**NUPLAZID®(pimavanserin)**完全一致——pimavanserin于2016年获FDA批准用于治疗帕金森病精神病,成为首个获批的该适应症药物[10][11]。
值得注意的是,remlifanserin将与百时美施贵宝的Cobenfy(xanomeline/trospium chloride)直接竞争AD精神病市场。两款药物都瞄准影响约40%阿尔茨海默病患者的精神病症状,但作用机制不同:Cobenfy是muscarinic受体激动剂,已于2024年9月获FDA批准用于治疗成人精神分裂症,目前正在进行三项AD精神病III期试验(ADEPT-1、ADEPT-2和ADEPT-4),预计在2026年底公布数据[12][13]。
目前,AD精神病尚无FDA批准的特异性治疗药物,临床实践中通常使用非典型抗精神病药物(如利培酮、奥氮平),但这些药物在老年痴呆患者中存在显著副作用风险,包括增加死亡率[14][15]。如果remlifanserin和Cobenfy都在AD精神病适应症获批,将首次为这一高未满足需求的患者群体提供多种治疗选择。
Acadia在JPM会议上强调,remlifanserin在2026年下半年的RADIANT数据将是公司未来发展的关键里程碑。如果数据阳性,公司计划在2027年启动III期临床试验,并争取在2029-2030年获得FDA批准[16][17]。Longeveron干细胞疗法:从Nature Medicine到"登月计划"的创新路径
在JPM医疗健康周期间,美国生物技术公司Longeveron宣布被选为StartUp Health阿尔茨海默病"登月计划"(Alzheimer's Disease Moonshot)成员,并参加了StartUp Health Apollo House系列活动[2][18][19]。这一荣誉标志着干细胞疗法在AD治疗领域获得了业界的重要认可。
Longeveron的核心资产是laromestrocel(商品名Lomecel-B™),一款由健康成人骨髓来源的同种异体间充质干细胞(allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)制成的细胞疗法[20][21]。与传统的淀粉样蛋白清除抗体不同,laromestrocel通过多重生物学机制发挥作用,包括抗炎、神经保护、组织修复和免疫调节[22][23]。
就在JPM会议前的2025年3月,Longeveron在顶级期刊《Nature Medicine》上发表了laromestrocel治疗轻度AD的**IIa期临床试验(CLEAR-MIND研究)**结果[24][25][26]。这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究纳入了49名轻度AD患者,结果显示:主要安全性终点达标
:laromestrocel治疗组未出现剂量限制性毒性或严重不良事件认知功能趋势改善
:治疗组在ADAS-Cog13评分上显示出较慢的认知衰退趋势MRI生物标志物证据
:治疗6个月后,患者海马和颞叶的神经炎症标志物显著降低[27][28]
这些发现在2025年12月的CTAD会议上进一步得到扩展分析的支持。Longeveron展示的数据显示,laromestrocel治疗与持续的抗炎效应相关,这种效应在治疗结束后仍可维持数月[29][30]。
StartUp Health的阿尔茨海默病"登月计划"由Gates Ventures和阿尔茨海默病药物发现基金会(ADDF)支持,旨在建立一个全球性社区,加速AD领域的突破性创新[31][32]。美国FDA已授予laromestrocel再生医学高级疗法(RMAT)认定和快速通道(Fast Track)资格,这将加速其开发和审评进程[33][34]。Longeveron计划在2026年启动关键性III期临床试验[35][36]。Cassava Sciences黯然退场:simufilam失败的警示录
与Acadia和Longeveron的积极进展形成鲜明对比的是,Cassava Sciences在2024年11月25日宣布终止simufilam在阿尔茨海默病的所有临床开发,标志着这一备受争议的项目彻底失败[3][37][38]。
Cassava的决定是在两项III期临床试验均未达到主要终点后做出的。ReThink-ALZ试验纳入1,200名轻中度AD患者,ReFocus-ALZ试验纳入约1,000名轻度AD患者,评估simufilam 100mg每日两次口服治疗52周的疗效。结果显示,simufilam在ADAS-Cog11认知评分和ADCS-ADL23日常功能评分两个共同主要终点上均未能显示出相对于安慰剂的统计学显著改善[39][40][41]。
Simufilam是一款小分子口服药物,声称通过恢复filamin A蛋白的正常构象来发挥作用。然而,这一机制从一开始就饱受质疑。2021年起,多位科学家和做空机构指控Cassava及其合作研究者在临床前和早期临床研究中存在数据操纵和科学不端行为[42][43][44]。这些指控导致:5篇相关论文被撤稿
:涉及filamin A机制的基础研究论文因数据完整性问题被《PLOS ONE》撤回[45]SEC和DOJ调查
:美国证券交易委员会和司法部对Cassava展开调查[46]股价暴跌超过80%
:公司市值从高峰期的近50亿美元缩水至不到2亿美元[47][48]
Cassava的失败为AD药物研发提供了多重警示:机制创新需要严格验证、早期临床信号的可靠性需要更大规模研究确认、数据透明度至关重要。公司目前正在评估战略选择,包括可能的出售或清算[49][50]。相关介绍
Acadia Pharmaceuticals
Acadia Pharmaceuticals成立于1993年,总部位于美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥,是一家专注于神经和罕见病治疗的生物制药公司。公司的首个商业化产品NUPLAZID®(pimavanserin)于2016年获FDA批准用于治疗帕金森病精神病,2023年全球销售额达到5.49亿美元[51][52]。2023年4月,Acadia以12亿美元收购了Neuren Pharmaceuticals,获得了用于治疗Rett综合征的DAYBUE®(trofinetide),进一步拓展了罕见病产品组合[53][54]。公司目前正在推进remlifanserin在阿尔茨海默病精神病和路易体痴呆精神病的临床开发,预计这些适应症将成为公司未来增长的主要驱动力。
Longeveron Inc.
Longeveron成立于2014年,总部位于美国佛罗里达州迈阿密,是一家临床阶段再生医学公司,专注于开发基于间充质干细胞(MSC)的细胞疗法。公司的核心技术平台利用同种异体MSC的多重生物学特性,用于治疗衰老相关疾病和神经退行性疾病[55][56]。除阿尔茨海默病外,Longeveron还在开发laromestrocel用于衰老相关虚弱综合征(aging-related frailty)和缺血性脑卒中的适应症[57][58]。公司于2021年通过SPAC交易在纳斯达克上市(股票代码:LGVN)。Longeveron在2025年3月《Nature Medicine》上发表的IIa期数据是干细胞疗法在AD领域的重要里程碑[59][60]。
Cassava Sciences Inc.
Cassava Sciences成立于1998年,总部位于美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀,最初名为Pain Therapeutics。公司在2010年代中期转型专注于阿尔茨海默病药物开发,核心资产simufilam是一款小分子口服药物[61][62]。公司在2019-2021年因早期临床数据而受到投资者追捧,股价一度飙升至120美元以上,市值超过50亿美元[63]。然而,2021年起关于数据完整性的指控引发了SEC和DOJ调查,随后两项III期试验的失败彻底终结了simufilam项目[64][65]。Cassava在2024年11月宣布终止simufilam开发后,股价暴跌至不到10美元,公司面临可能的破产或出售[66]。这一案例成为生物技术行业中机制创新、数据透明度和监管审查的重要警示。
StartUp Health
StartUp Health成立于2011年,总部位于美国纽约,是一家专注于数字健康和生物技术领域的创业加速器和投资平台。公司的核心业务是"Health Moonshot"计划,通过建立任务导向的创业者社区来应对重大健康挑战[67][68]。StartUp Health的阿尔茨海默病"登月计划"于2024年1月启动,由Gates Ventures和阿尔茨海默病药物发现基金会(ADDF)支持,旨在汇集全球创新者、投资人和研究机构,加速AD领域的突破性解决方案[69][70]。入选公司可以获得长期的战略指导、融资对接、品牌曝光和导师支持[71][72]。
参考文献
[1] Acadia Pharmaceuticals. "Acadia Pharmaceuticals Provides Business and Pipeline Updates at 44th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference". January 13, 2026. https://acadia.com/en-us/media/news-releases/acadia-pharmaceuticals-provides-business-and-pipeline-updates-at-44th-annual-j-p--morgan-healthcare-conference
[2] Longeveron Investor Relations. "Longeveron, Selected as a StartUp Health Alzheimer's Disease Moonshot Company, Will Participate in StartUp Health Apollo House During JPM Healthcare Week 2026". January 2026. https://investors.longeveron.com/news/News/news-details/2025/
[3] Alzheimer's News Today. "Simufilam fails to meet Alzheimer's Phase 3 trial goals, discontinued". November 2024. https://alzheimersnewstoday.com/news/simufilam-fails-meet-alzheimers-phase-3-trial-goals-discontinued/
[4] Yahoo Finance. "Acadia Pharmaceuticals Provides Business and Pipeline Updates at 44th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference". January 13, 2026. https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/acadia-pharmaceuticals-provides-business-pipeline-140000271.html
[5] Seeking Alpha. "ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. (ACAD) Presents at 44th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference". January 13, 2026. https://seekingalpha.com/article/4859333-acadia-pharmaceuticals-inc-acad-presents-at-44th-annual-j-p-morgan-healthcare-conference
[6] Acadia Pharmaceuticals. "Acadia Pharmaceuticals Provides Business and Pipeline Updates at 44th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference". January 13, 2026. https://acadia.com/en-us/media/news-releases/acadia-pharmaceuticals-provides-business-and-pipeline-updates-at-44th-annual-j-p--morgan-healthcare-conference
[7] HotCopper. "JPM Healthcare Conference 2026". https://hotcopper.com.au/threads/jpm-healthcare-conference-2026.8975169/
[8] Hawaii Neuroscience. "Hawaii Awarded First Research Study on Lewy Body Dementia Investigating Remlifanserin (ACP-204)". https://hawaiineuroscience.com/hawaii-awarded-first-research-study-on-lewy-body-dementia-investigating-remlifanserin-acp-204/
[9] AlzForum. "ACP-204". https://www.alzforum.org/therapeutics/acp-204
[10] PMC. "Pimavanserin and Parkinson's Disease Psychosis: A Narrative Review". 2022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9599742/
[11] AlzForum. "Nuplazid". https://www.alzforum.org/therapeutics/nuplazid
[12] Bristol Myers Squibb. "Built for Growth - JPM 2026 Presentation". https://www.bms.com/assets/bms/us/en-us/pdf/investor-info/doc_presentations/2026/BMS-JPM-2026-Presentation.pdf
[13] BusinessWire. "Bristol Myers Squibb Announces Continuation of ADEPT-2 Phase 3 Study". December 3, 2025. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251203856535/en/Bristol-Myers-Squibb-Announces-Continuation-of-ADEPT-2-Phase-3-Study-in-Psychosis-Associated-with-Alzheimers-Disease
[14] NEJM. "Trial of Pimavanserin in Dementia-Related Psychosis". 2021. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034634
[15] Neurology Live. "Managing Parkinson's Disease–Related Hallucinations and Delusions". https://www.neurologylive.com/view/managing-parkinson-s-disease-related-hallucinations-and-delusions
[16] BusinessWire. "Acadia Pharmaceuticals Provides Business and Pipeline Updates at 44th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference". January 13, 2026. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260113614282/en/Acadia-Pharmaceuticals-Provides-Business-and-Pipeline-Updates-at-44th-Annual-J.P.-Morgan-Healthcare-Conference
[17] StreetInsider. "ACADIA projects $1.7 billion in 2028 sales, launches new DAYBUE formulation". January 13, 2026. https://www.streetinsider.com/Corporate+News/ACADIA+projects+%241.7+billion+in+2028+sales%2C+launches+new+DAYBUE+formulation/25841911.html
[18] Globe and Mail. "Longeveron, Selected as a StartUp Health Alzheimer's Disease Moonshot Company". https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/markets/markets-news/GlobeNewswire/36813492/
[19] Investing News. "Longeveron, Selected as a StartUp Health Alzheimer's Disease Moonshot Company". https://investingnews.com/longeveron-selected-as-a-startup-health-alzheimer-s-disease-moonshot-company-will-participate-in-startup-health-apollo-house-during-jpm-healthcare-week-2026/
[20] Longeveron Investor Relations. "News". https://investors.longeveron.com/news/default.aspx
[21] Yahoo Finance. "Longeveron Inc. (LGVN) Stock Price, News, Quote & History". https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/quote/LGVN/
[22] Longeveron Investor Relations. "Longeveron: New MRI Biomarker Data Linking Neuroinflammation to Clinical Outcomes". December 2025. https://investors.longeveron.com/news/News/news-details/2025/Longeveron-New-MRI-Biomarker-Data-Linking-Neuroinflammation-to-Clinical-Outcomes-in-Patients-with-Mild-Alzheimers-Disease-Presented-at-the-Clinical-Trials-on-Alzheimers-Disease-Conference-CTAD-2025/default.aspx
[23] Nature. "Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy with laromestrocel in mild Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled phase 2a trial". 2025. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-03559-0
[24] PubMed. "Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy with laromestrocel in mild Alzheimer's disease". 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40065171/
[25] GlobeNewswire. "Longeveron® Announces Nature Medicine Publication of Results of Phase 2a Clinical Trial". March 11, 2025. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/03/11/3040564/0/en/Longeveron-Announces-Nature-Medicine-Publication-of-Results-of-Phase-2a-Clinical-Trial-Evaluating-Laromestrocel-Lomecel-B-in-Alzheimer-s-Disease.html
[26] Being Patient. "Stem Cells for Alzheimer's? Neurologists Weigh In on Longeveron's Drug". https://beingpatient.com/stem-cells-alzheimers-longeveron-drug/
[27] Neurology Live. "MRI Analysis Shows Stem Cell Therapy Laromestrocel Reduced Neuroinflammation in Mild AD". https://www.neurologylive.com/view/mri-analysis-shows-stem-cell-therapy-laromestrocel-reduced-neuroinflammation-mild-ad
[28] Longeveron Investor Relations. "Longeveron: New MRI Biomarker Data Linking Neuroinflammation to Clinical Outcomes". December 2025. https://investors.longeveron.com/news/News/news-details/2025/Longeveron-New-MRI-Biomarker-Data-Linking-Neuroinflammation-to-Clinical-Outcomes-in-Patients-with-Mild-Alzheimers-Disease-Presented-at-the-Clinical-Trials-on-Alzheimers-Disease-Conference-CTAD-2025/default.aspx
[29] GlobeNewswire. "Longeveron New MRI Biomarker Data Linking Neuroinflammation to Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease Presented at CTAD 2025". December 1, 2025. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/12/01/3197308/0/en/Longeveron-New-MRI-Biomarker-Data-Linking-Neuroinflammation-to-Clinical-Outcomes-in-Patients-with-Mild-Alzheimer-s-Disease-Presented-at-the-Clinical-Trials-on-Alzheimer-s-Disease-C.html
[30] Longeveron Corporate Presentation. March 2025. https://s201.q4cdn.com/344078895/files/doc_presentations/2025/Mar/20/Longeveron-Corporate-Presentation-Mar-2025-vF3.pdf
[31] StartUp Health. "Introducing StartUp Health's Alzheimer's Moonshot". https://www.startuphealth.com/startup-health-blog/startup-health-announces-first-companies-to-join-alzheimers-moonshot-community
[32] Health Transformer. "StartUp Health Launches Global Alzheimer's Moonshot with Support from ADDF and Gates Ventures". https://healthtransformer.co/startup-health-launches-global-alzheimers-moonshot-with-support-from-the-alzheimer-s-drug-f1bd79f6d348
[33] Longeveron Investor Relations. "Longeveron Announces Positive Type B Meeting with U.S. FDA Regarding Pathway to BLA". https://investors.longeveron.com/news/News/news-details/2025/Longeveron-Announces-Positive-Type-B-Meeting-with-U-S--FDA-Regarding-Pathway-to-BLA-for-Laromestrocel-Lomecel-BTM-in-Alzheimers-Disease/default.aspx
[34] Longeveron Investor Relations. "News Overview". https://investors.longeveron.com/overview/default.aspx
[35] Longeveron Investor Relations. "Longeveron Announces Positive Type B Meeting with U.S. FDA". https://investors.longeveron.com/news/News/news-details/2025/Longeveron-Announces-Positive-Type-B-Meeting-with-U-S--FDA-Regarding-Pathway-to-BLA-for-Laromestrocel-Lomecel-BTM-in-Alzheimers-Disease/default.aspx
[36] Longeveron Corporate Presentation. March 2025. https://s201.q4cdn.com/344078895/files/doc_presentations/2025/Mar/20/Longeveron-Corporate-Presentation-Mar-2025-vF3.pdf
[37] Clinical Trials Arena. "Cassava Sciences stock plummets after Phase III simufilam flops". https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/cassava-sciences-simufilam-flops-phase-iii/
[38] Xtalks. "Cassava Sciences Ends Simufilam Alzheimer's Program After Another Phase III Failure". https://xtalks.com/cassava-sciences-ends-simufilam-alzheimers-program-after-another-phase-iii-failure-4168/
[39] AlzForum. "Simufilam". https://www.alzforum.org/therapeutics/simufilam
[40] Cassava Sciences. "Cassava Sciences Reports Topline Phase 3 REFOCUS-ALZ Data". https://www.cassavasciences.com/news-releases/news-release-details/cassava-sciences-reports-topline-phase-3-refocus-alz-data
[41] Neurology Live. "Simufilam Fails to Meet Key End Points in Phase 3 AD Trial". https://www.neurologylive.com/view/simufilam-fails-meet-key-end-points-phase-3-ad-trial
[42] Science. "The Saga of Cassava". https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/saga-cassava
[43] Healthcare Brew. "The fall of Cassava Sciences's Alzheimer's drug, simufilam". December 10, 2024. https://www.healthcare-brew.com/stories/2024/12/10/rip-simufilam-we-hardly-knew-ye
[44] PharmaVoice. "An Alzheimer's drugmaker is accused of data 'manipulation'". https://www.pharmavoice.com/news/alzheimers-cassava-sec-fda-doj-matthew-schrag/728863/
[45] Retraction Watch. "Five studies linked to Cassava Sciences retracted". March 30, 2022. https://retractionwatch.com/2022/03/30/five-studies-linked-to-cassava-biosciences-retracted/
[46] PharmaVoice. "An Alzheimer's drugmaker is accused of data 'manipulation'". https://www.pharmavoice.com/news/alzheimers-cassava-sec-fda-doj-matthew-schrag/728863/
[47] Clinical Trials Arena. "Cassava Sciences stock plummets after Phase III simufilam flops". https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/cassava-sciences-simufilam-flops-phase-iii/
[48] Healthcare Brew. "The fall of Cassava Sciences's Alzheimer's drug, simufilam". December 10, 2024. https://www.healthcare-brew.com/stories/2024/12/10/rip-simufilam-we-hardly-knew-ye
[49] BioWorld. "Cassava phase III with simufilam fails in Alzheimer's". https://www.bioworld.com/articles/714663-cassava-phase-iii-with-simufilam-fails-in-alzheimers
[50] Pharmaceutical Technology. "Cassava closes the door on controversy, for now". https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/analyst-comment/cassava-closes-door-controversy/
[51] PMC. "Pimavanserin and Parkinson's Disease Psychosis: A Narrative Review". 2022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9599742/
[52] AlzForum. "Nuplazid". https://www.alzforum.org/therapeutics/nuplazid
[53] Acadia Pharmaceuticals. "Acadia Pharmaceuticals Hosts Inaugural R&D Day". https://acadia.com/en-us/media/news-releases/acadia-pharmaceuticals-hosts-inaugural-rd-day-showcasing
[54] Acadia Pharmaceuticals. "Product Pipeline". https://acadia.com/en-us/pipeline
[55] Yahoo Finance. "Longeveron Inc. (LGVN) Stock Price, News, Quote & History". https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/quote/LGVN/
[56] Longeveron Investor Relations. "Overview". https://investors.longeveron.com/overview/default.aspx
[57] Longeveron Corporate Presentation. March 2025. https://s201.q4cdn.com/344078895/files/doc_presentations/2025/Mar/20/Longeveron-Corporate-Presentation-Mar-2025-vF3.pdf
[58] Longeveron Investor Relations. "News". https://investors.longeveron.com/news/default.aspx
[59] GlobeNewswire. "Longeveron® Announces Nature Medicine Publication of Results of Phase 2a Clinical Trial". March 11, 2025. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/03/11/3040564/0/en/Longeveron
本文内容来自公开信息及研究文献,不代表临床建议。
如需投稿、转载、商务合作后台留言,回复有一定延迟敬请谅解。
辅助编辑:腾讯元宝or(GPT、Gemini、Claude等)
扫码加入ima知识库,获取本公众号所有文献全文资料,AI问答了解更多信息,文献实时更新