Rethinking the effects of micro/nanoplastics from the global environmental change and systematic perspective: An aquatic environmental system-based comprehensive assessment approach of micro/nanoplastic impacts.

Article

作者: Read, Stuart ; Han, Dengcheng ; Zhang, Peng ; Xin, Xiaying ; Song, Tangnyu ; Huang, Gordon ; Gao, Sichen ; Rosendahl, Scott ; Yin, Jianan

The study on micro/nanoplastic pollution should embrace complexity. Here, we aim to develop an aquatic environmental system-based comprehensive assessment approach of micro/nanoplastic impacts (ACAM) to evaluate the effects of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystems from the global environmental change (GEC) and systematic perspective. A case study for freshwater systems in Saskatchewan, Canada was conducted to evaluate the comprehensive effects of multiple GEC factors (polystyrene-nanoplastics (PS-NPs), N, P, salinity, dissolved organic matter (DOM), pH, hardness) on Asterococcus superbus based on ten ecologically relevant endpoints. It is found that at the cellular level, PS-NPs and N had an antagonistic interaction on microalgal growth in the Saskatchewan freshwater ecosystem; at the molecular level, the PS-NP-induced changes in lipid composition in microalgae were regulated by P, DOM, and pH. The significance ranking of factor effects suggested that instead of PS-NPs pollution, the fluctuations in pH level, DOM and N concentrations should be paid attention to first in Saskatchewan. Under the combined impact of PS-NPs and other GEC factors, microalgae at station 14 (Qu'Appelle River near highway 56) might have the minimum growth rate with [-0.048, 0.094] d^-1 in Saskatchewan. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the developed ACAM in a more comprehensive and context-specific assessment of MNP risks, providing new insight for the management of MNP pollution.

2023-01-01·Frontiers in pharmacology

Pharmacological treatment and vaccines in monkeypox virus: a narrative review and bibliometric analysis.

Review

作者: Rabaan, Ali A ; Alsoliabi, Zainab Ahmed ; Al Fraij, Ali ; Agrawal, Abhimanyu ; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J ; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib ; Pradhan, Keerti Bhusan ; Al Ismail, Zainab A ; Sah, Ranjit ; Dwivedi, Pradeep ; Veeramachaneni, Sai Dutt ; Pradhan, Anindita ; Kabir, Russell ; Satapathy, Prakisini ; Akhtar, Naushaba ; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar ; Mohanty, Aroop ; Alotaibi, Jawaher

Mpox (earlier known as monkeypox) virus infection is a recognized public health emergency. There has been little research on the treatment options. This article reviews the specific drugs used to treat mpox virus infection and the vaccines used here. Instead of focusing on the mechanistic basis, this review narrates the practical, real-life experiences of individual patients of mpox virus disease being administered these medicines. We conducted a bibliometric analysis on the treatment of the mpox virus using data from several databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The research on this topic has grown tremendously recently but it is highly concentrated in a few countries. Cidofovir is the most studied drug. This is because it is indicated and also used off-label for several conditions. The drugs used for mpox virus infection include tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir, vaccinia immune globulin, and trifluridine. Tecovirimat is used most frequently. It is a promising option in progressive mpox disease in terms of both efficacy and safety. Brincidofovir has been associated with treatment discontinuation due to elevated hepatic enzymes. Cidofovir is also not the preferred drug, often used because of the unavailability of tecovirimat. Trifluridine is used topically as an add-on agent along with tecovirimat for ocular manifestations of mpox virus disease. No study reports individual patient data for vaccinia immune globulin. Though no vaccine is currently approved for mpox virus infection, ACAM 2000 and JYNNEOS are the vaccines being mainly considered. ACAM 2000 is capable of replicating and may cause severe adverse reactions. It is used when JYNNEOS is contraindicated. Several drugs and vaccines are under development and have been discussed alongside pragmatic aspects of mpox virus treatment and prevention. Further studies can provide more insight into the safety and efficacy of Tecovirimat in actively progressing mpox virus disease.

2021-01-01·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology3区 · 医学

Inappropriate activation of invariant natural killer T cells and antigen‐presenting cells with the elevation of HMGB1 in preterm births without acute chorioamnionitis

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: Shima, Yoshio ; Negishi, Yasuyuki ; Kuwabara, Yoshimitsu ; Morita, Rimpei ; Kato, Masahiko ; Takeshita, Toshiyuki

ProblemAcute chorioamnionitis (aCAM) associated with microbial infection is a primary cause of preterm birth (PB). However, recent studies have demonstrated that innate immunity and sterile inflammation are causes of PB in the absence of aCAM. Therefore, we analyzed immune cells in the decidua of early to moderate PB without aCAM.Method of studyDeciduas were obtained from patients with PB at a gestational age of 24+0 to 33+6 weeks without aCAM in pathological diagnosis. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: patients with labor and/or rupture of membrane (ROM) (no aCAM with labor and/or ROM: nCAM‐w‐LR), and patients without labor and/or ROM (no aCAM without labor and/or ROM: nCAM‐w/o‐LR). The immune cells and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in the decidua were analyzed using flow cytometry. Co‐culture of CD56+ cells with dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages obtained from the decidua was also performed in the presence of HMGB1.ResultsThe nCAM‐w‐LR group demonstrated an accumulation of iNKT cells, and increased expression of HMGB1, TLR4, receptors for advanced glycation end products, and CD1d on DCs and macrophages. HMGB1 facilitated the proliferation of iNKT cells co‐cultured with DCs and macrophages, which was found to be inhibited by heparin.ConclusionsInappropriate activation of innate immune cells and increased HMGB1 expression may represent parturition signs in human pregnancy. Therefore, control of these cells and HMGB1 antigenicity may be represent a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of PB.

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
甲型流感病毒感染	临床1期	-	Agenus, Inc.	-
甲型流感病毒感染	临床1期	-	Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie - Flanders Institute	-
甲型流感病毒感染	临床1期	-	Acambis Plc	-