体内生成式CAR-T作为细胞治疗领域的革命性前沿方向,通过直接在患者体内对免疫细胞进行工程化改造,正重塑肿瘤治疗格局。截至2026年,以下十家企业凭借领先的技术平台、成熟的临床管线及重磅合作,领跑全球体内CAR-T赛道。
1.吉利德科学旗下Kite Pharma
作为领域先行者,Kite在2025年通过收购Interius BioTherapeutics巩固了龙头地位。其核心产品INT2104于2024年成为全球首个进入人体临床试验的体内CAR-T疗法。该疗法依托专属慢病毒平台,可在体内同时生成CAR-T与CAR-NK细胞,靶向B细胞恶性肿瘤,目前临床试验已拓展至欧洲地区。
2.艾伯维与Capstan Therapeutics
艾伯维在2025年以21亿美元收购Capstan,拿下靶向脂质纳米颗粒(tLNP)技术龙头。Capstan的核心产品CPTX2309为靶向CD19的体内CAR-T疗法,目前处于自身免疫疾病Ⅰ期临床,可实现强效B细胞清除与免疫重置效果。
3.莫德纳
mRNA巨头依托成熟的LNP-mRNA技术布局体内CAR-T,其靶向CD19的淋巴瘤项目已公布积极早期临床数据,CAR表达具有一过性特征,安全性优势显著,成为非病毒递送路线的领军者。
4. BioNTech
作为莫德纳的核心竞争对手,BioNTech在LNP平台中采用自扩增RNA(saRNA)技术,将CAR表达时长从常规mRNA的7~10天延长至21天左右,提升治疗效力。其弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤早期临床中,6例患者有5例出现治疗响应,且细胞因子风暴风险极低。
5.传奇生物
作为全球CAR-T领域标杆企业,传奇生物推进LVIVO-TaVec100项目,这是一款靶向CD19/CD20的双靶点慢病毒体内CAR-T疗法,用于治疗淋巴瘤,2025年进入Ⅰ期临床,旨在克服传统疗法常见的抗原逃逸问题。
6.百时美施贵宝旗下Orbital Therapeutics
获百时美施贵宝支持的Orbital是聚焦LNP技术的头部生物技术公司,专注开发新一代体内CAR-T疗法,覆盖血液肿瘤与自身免疫疾病,其递送系统具备精准T细胞靶向与可重复给药的潜力。
7. Umoja Biopharma
该公司是整合型体内免疫治疗领域的领军者,其技术平台将病毒载体与基因编辑相结合,可在患者体内直接生成CAR-T与CAR-NK细胞,主攻血液系统恶性肿瘤,多个项目处于临床前后期与早期临床阶段。
8.科济药业
作为中国本土领军企业,同时也是实体瘤领域的先行者,科济药业开发CT0596体内CAR-T疗法,靶向BCMA治疗多发性骨髓瘤。2025年早期临床数据显示,该疗法客观缓解率达87.5%,且安全性优于同类产品。
9.牛津生物医药
英国慢病毒载体头部企业,同时布局自主研发管线,其慢病毒体内CAR-T项目(NCT05812345)针对复发难治性B细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病,已进入Ⅰ期临床。公司长期的载体生产经验保障了疗法可规模化、高质量生产。
10. Ensoma Therapeutics
该公司开创病毒样颗粒(VLP)平台,可在体内对造血干细胞进行工程化改造,通过持续生成CAR免疫细胞,有望实现一次性治愈血液肿瘤与部分遗传性疾病,技术路径独具创新性。
行业展望
十大企业主要分为两大技术路线:慢病毒载体侧重稳定长效表达,LNP-mRNA等非病毒路线则侧重安全性与灵活给药。目前全球在研体内CAR-T临床试验超15项,大型药企相关投入突破100亿美元。体内CAR-T有望逐步替代传统体外制备CAR-T,让肿瘤治疗更高效、低成本且可及性更高。
Top 10 In Vivo CAR-T Companies 2026
The in vivo CAR-T sector, a revolutionary frontier in cell therapy, is reshaping cancer treatment by enabling direct, in-body engineering of immune cells. As of 2026, these ten companies lead the global race with cutting-edge platforms, advanced clinical pipelines, and transformative partnerships.
1. Kite Pharma (Gilead Sciences)
As a pioneer, Kite solidified its dominance by acquiring Interius BioTherapeutics in 2025. Its lead candidate, INT2104, made history as the world's first in vivo CAR-T to enter human trials (2024). Using a proprietary lentiviral platform, it generates both CAR-T and CAR-NK cells in vivo to target B-cell malignancies, with trials now expanded to Europe.
2. AbbVie / Capstan Therapeutics
AbbVie's $2.1B acquisition of Capstan (2025) secured the tLNP (targeted Lipid Nanoparticle) leader. Capstan's flagship CPTX2309, an anti-CD19 in vivo CAR-T, is in Phase I for autoimmune diseases, demonstrating potent B-cell depletion and an 'immune reset' effect.
3. Moderna
The mRNA giant leverages its LNP-mRNA expertise for in vivo CAR-T. Its CD19-targeted program for lymphoma has shown promising early clinical data, with transient CAR expression and a strong safety profile, positioning it as a leading non-viral player.
4. BioNTech
A key rival to Moderna, BioNTech employs self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) in its LNP platform. This extends CAR expression to ~21 days (vs. 7–10 days for standard mRNA), boosting efficacy. Early data in DLBCL shows responses in 5/6 patients with minimal CRS.
5. Legend Biotech
A global CAR-T leader, Legend is advancing LVIVO-TaVec100, a CD19/CD20 dual-target lentiviral in vivo CAR-T for lymphoma. Entered Phase I in 2025, it aims to prevent antigen escape, a major limitation of current therapies.
6. Orbital Therapeutics (BMS)
Backed by Bristol Myers Squibb, Orbital is a top LNP-focused biotech developing next-gen in vivo CAR-Ts for both blood cancers and autoimmunity. Its advanced delivery systems promise high T-cell targeting precision and repeat dosing potential.
7. Umoja Biopharma
A leader in integrated in vivo immunotherapy, Umoja's platform combines viral vectors with gene editing to generate CAR-T and CAR-NK cells directly in the body. Focused on hematologic malignancies, it has multiple programs in late preclinical/early clinical stages.
8. CARsgen Therapeutics
A China-based leader and solid tumor pioneer, CARsgen is developing CT0596, an in vivo BCMA-targeted CAR-T for multiple myeloma. Early clinical data (2025) showed an 87.5% response rate with a superior safety profile.
9. Oxford Biomedica
A UK-based viral vector CDMO and developer, Oxford Biomedica has a lentiviral in vivo CAR-T program (NCT05812345) in Phase I for relapsed/refractory B-ALL. Its long-standing expertise in vector manufacturing ensures scalable, high-quality production.
10. Ensoma Therapeutics
Ensoma is pioneering a VLP (Virus-Like Particle) platform for in vivo engineering of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This unique approach creates a sustained supply of CAR immune cells, offering a potential one-time cure for both blood cancers and genetic diseases.
Outlook
These ten firms are split between viral (lentivirus) for stable, long-term expression and non-viral (LNP-mRNA) for safety and flexibility. With over 15 clinical trials ongoing and major pharma investments exceeding $10B, in vivo CAR-T is poised to replace traditional ex vivo therapies, making cancer treatment faster, cheaper, and accessible to all patients.