CLR-124

本期学术快报推送：《Research》2026年6月最新文献内容。 索引信息请见下方CONTENTS。 文章摘要为双语版，您可上下滑动阅读全部摘要内容；同时我们为读者提供了文献的在线版原文、译文（机器翻译）内容与可下载的pdf格式双语对译版本。 您可通过扫描下方二维码或点击文末“阅读原文”以获取文献全文、译文、双语对译版pdf。 原文译文获取二维码： 扫描二维码获取全文、译文 刊物介绍 ISSN：2096-5168  eISSN： 2639-5274 国内刊号：CN 10-1541/N 刊物官网： https://spj.sciencemag.org/research/ 《Research》是中国科协与美国科学促进会于2018年共同创办的定位为国际化、高影响力、世界一流水平、综合性、大型OA科技期刊，是美国《Science》自1880年创刊以来第一本合作期刊。主要发表先进能源、先进制造、先进材料、人工智能、环境科学、柔性电子、健康科学、信息科学、微纳科技、量子信息、空间科学，11个热点交叉领域突破性原创研究成果。主编(中国)为中国科协副主席，中国科学院院士包为民，主编(国际)为美国明尼苏达大学麦克凯特杰出教授崔天宏。第二届编委会由许宁生、高松、黄如、李兰娟、饶子和、俞书宏、崔铁军等国内外60余位院士在内的170位编委组成。已被CAS、CNKI、CSCD、DOAJ、EI、SCIE、INSPEC、PMC、Scopus、SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System数据库收录。 Contents 1.Adhesive-Electrocoupling Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration: Design, Mechanisms, and Perspectives /组织再生中的粘着电偶合水凝胶：设计、机制与展望 双语摘要： Endogenous bioelectric signals serve as pivotal physiological cues that govern cellular behavior and tissue regeneration. Conductive hydrogels have become a disruptive platform in the field of tissue engineering because they can promote tissue repair by utilizing endogenous electrical signals. Conventional conductive hydrogels often suffer from weak tissue adhesion and high contact impedance, which sever the continuity of endogenous bioelectric signals essential for regeneration. To bridge this gap, polyphenol-based adhesive-electrocoupling hydrogels have garnered increasing attention. The conductive network within adhesive-electrocoupling hydrogels facilitates electron transfer-mediated polyphenol redox cycling, preserving catechols for robust adhesion. This strong tissue interface integration maintains electrical signal transduction, constructing a conductive-adhesive synergistic circuit. This review first elucidates the biological effects of bioelectricity, establishing a theoretical foundation for conductive hydrogels to promote tissue repair using endogenous electrical signals. Subsequently, this review systematically summarizes the design strategies for adhesive-electrocoupling hydrogels mediated by polyphenol redox interactions, grounded in electron transfer mechanisms. Crucially, this review introduces the distinct biological mechanisms driving regeneration, highlighting the synergistic interplay among the intrinsic bioactivity of polyphenols, the modulation of cell behavior through endogenous electric field coupling, and cell adhesion. Furthermore, the versatile applications of adhesive-electrocoupling hydrogels in repairing electro-sensitive tissues are critically examined. Finally, this review discusses the current challenges and prospects. 内源性生物电信号是控制细胞行为和组织再生的关键生理线索。导电水凝胶已成为组织工程领域的颠覆性平台，因为它们可以通过利用内源性电信号促进组织修复。传统导电水凝胶常常存在组织附着力薄弱和高接触阻抗的问题，这会切断对再生至关重要的内源性生物电信号的连续性。为了弥合这一差距，基于多酚的粘着电偶联水凝胶正受到越来越多的关注。粘着电偶合水凝胶中的导电网络促进了电子转移介导的多酚氧化还原循环，保留了儿茶酚以实现稳固的粘附。这种强组织界面整合维持电信号传导，构建导电-粘合剂协同电路。本综述首先阐明了生物电的生物学效应，为导电水凝胶利用内源性电信号促进组织修复奠定了理论基础。随后，本综述系统总结了基于电子转移机制、基于多酚氧化还原相互作用介导的粘着电偶联水凝胶的设计策略。关键的是，本综述介绍了驱动再生的独特生物机制，强调多酚内在生物活性、通过内源电场耦合调节细胞行为以及细胞粘附之间的协同相互作用。此外，还批判性地考察了粘着电偶联水凝胶在修复电敏感组织中的多样化应用。最后，本文回顾当前的挑战和前景。 2.Robust Thermochromic Photothermal Coating with Ultraslippery Anti-icing/Deicing and All-Season Temperature Regulation Performance /坚固的热致变色光热涂层，具备超滑防冰/除冰和全季节温控性能 双语摘要： Photothermal materials with high conversion efficiency offer a promising approach for preventing ice accretion on infrastructures like wind turbines. However, the conflict between weak-light inefficiency in winter and overheating hazards in summer remains a challenge for composites. Herein, we develop a robust thermochromic photothermal icephobic coating with switchable solar-driven anti-/deicing and anti-overheating modes for all-season demands. During freezing winter, a 0.05 W/cm weak solar irradiation can raise the black coating (solar absorbance >97%) temperature from −10 to 7.6 °C and facilitate rapid ice shedding from rotating rotor. During summer, the thermochromic coating turns white with strong reflection and limits coating temperature below 51 °C, inhibiting composites oxidation above 60 °C. Strikingly, the interpenetrating elasticity and ultraslippage endow the coating with exceptional ice detachment properties, exhibiting an ultralow ice adhesion strength (<31 kPa) and sliding angle (<8.3°), which are maintained even after 200 Taber abrasion cycles. This study successfully addresses the critical challenge of regulating the all-season temperature of photothermal coatings, pioneering a new pathway for designing intelligent anti-icing coatings for wind turbines and low-altitude rotorcraft. 具有高转化效率的光热材料为防止风力涡轮机等基础设施的冰层积聚提供了有前景的方法。然而，冬季弱光效率与夏季过热危险之间的冲突仍是复合材料面临的挑战。我们开发了一种坚固的热致变色光热防冰涂层，具备可切换的太阳能驱动防冰/除冰和防过热模式，满足全年需求。在严寒的冬天，0。05 W/cm的微弱太阳辐射会使黑色涂层（太阳吸收率>97%）温度从−10°C升至7.6°C，并促进旋转转子快速脱落冰层。夏季时，热致变色涂层会变白并产生强烈反射，并限制涂层温度低于51°C，抑制复合材料在60°C以上氧化。令人惊讶的是，其穿透弹性和超滑动性赋予涂层卓越的冰脱离性能，具有超低的冰附着强度（<31 kPa）和滑动角（<8）。3°），即使经过200个Taber磨蚀循环后仍能保持。本研究成功解决了调节光热涂层全季节温度这一关键挑战，开创了设计风力涡轮机和低空旋翼机智能防冰涂层的新途径。 3.Realization of High-Reliable Coherent-State Quantum Secure Communication /实现高可靠相干态量子安全通信 双语摘要： Continuous-variable quantum secure communication encoded by Gaussian mapping offers high-capacity and high transmission rates. For the theoretically secure encryption scheme of a 1-time pad, a highly reliable coherent-state quantum secure communication system has been established, and its security has been quantitatively evaluated using Wyner’s wiretap channel theory. We also propose an information reconstruction scheme based on multidimensional rotation to extract secret messages at low-to-medium signal-to-noise ratios. Meanwhile, to address the unbalanced optical path, we design a self-balanced homodyne detector based on a programmable gain amplifier, achieving an electronic noise variance of   and a bandwidth of 715 MHz. In 10-km optical fiber transmission, the system successfully achieved secure transmission of the dichroic image, processed 1,536 information blocks, each containing  continuous variables, with a block error rate of approximately , and ultimately achieved the secrecy capacity of  bits per second. 由高斯映射编码的连续变量量子安全通信提供了高容量和高传输速率。对于理论上安全的一次密码密码，已经建立了高度可靠的相干态量子安全通信系统，并通过怀纳的窃听信道理论对其安全性进行了定量评估。我们还提出了一种基于多维旋转的信息重建方案，用于在低到中等信噪比下提取秘密消息。同时，为了解决不平衡光路问题，我们设计了基于可编程增益放大器的自平衡同谐探测器，实现电子噪声方差为 和带宽 715 MHz。在10公里光纤传输中，系统成功实现了二色性图像的安全传输，处理了1536个包含连续变量的信息块，块错误率约为 ，最终实现了每秒比特的保密容量。 4.Data-Driven Discovery of Composition–Structure–Property Relationship in Novel Wave-Transparent High-Entropy Rare Earth Disilicate /数据驱动发现新型高波透明高熵稀土二硅酸盐中的组成-结构-性质关系 双语摘要： Developing advanced materials with simultaneously excellent wave transparency and efficient thermal insulation is critical for hypersonic vehicles. While rare earth disilicates (RESiO) are promising candidates, their vast chemical space and complex polymorphism hinder precise property modulation. Herein, we establish an integrated high-throughput experimental and machine learning strategy to systematically investigate the composition–structure–property relationship of high-entropy RESiO. The results demonstrate that the average RE ionic radius determines the phase boundary. Notably, Sc incorporation jointly reduces both the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity. Specifically, the small size and strong electron localization of Sc minimize the polarizability, while its severe size and mass mismatch with other RE elements intensify phonon scattering. The model’s generalization is further validated by designing a series of high-entropy RESiO containing 5 to 9 distinct RE elements. Ultimately, the (HoTmYbLuSc)SiO high-entropy ceramic achieves a low dielectric constant ( = 5.4) and a low thermal conductivity ( = 1.3 W·m·K). This data-driven strategy provides a new pathway for the rational design of advanced high-entropy wave-transparent materials for extreme environments. 开发具有优异波形透明度和高效隔热性能的先进材料对高超音速飞行器至关重要。虽然稀土二硅酸盐（RESiO）是有前景的候选物，但其庞大的化学空间和复杂的多态性阻碍了精确的性质调制。本文，我们建立了一种集成的高通量实验与机器学习策略，以系统性地研究高熵RESiO的组成-结构-性质关系。结果表明，平均RE离子半径决定了相界。值得注意的是，铀的联合掺入会降低介电常数和热导率。具体来说，Sc体积小且电子定位强，极化率最小，而其与RE元素的严重尺寸和质量不匹配则加剧了声子散射。通过设计一系列包含5到9个不同RE元素的高熵RESiO，进一步验证了该模型的推广性。最终，（HoTmYbLuSc）SiO高熵陶瓷实现了低介电常数（= 5.4）和低热导率（= 1.3 W·m·K）。这一数据驱动策略为理性设计先进高熵波透明材料提供了新路径，适用于极端环境。 5.Antioxidant Nanozymes: From Rational Design to Biomedical Applications /抗氧化纳米酶：从理性设计到生物医学应用 双语摘要： Antioxidant nanozymes regulate reactive oxygen species homeostasis by mimicking the core catalytic functions of natural antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase-, catalase-, and glutathione peroxidase-like activities. The clinical translation of natural antioxidant enzymes has long been hampered by inherent limitations: short in vivo half-life, susceptibility to inactivation under physiological conditions, cumbersome purification processes, high production costs, non-negligible immunogenicity, and limited targeting capacity. In contrast, antioxidant nanozymes can overcome these bottlenecks with superior structural stability, tunable catalytic activity, low preparation cost, and flexible multifunctional modification. Guided by the catalytic mechanisms of natural enzymes, researchers have established rational design strategies for antioxidant nanozymes. To date, a diverse array of antioxidant nanozymes have been developed, with promising applications in multiple biomedical fields, including inflammatory diseases, ischemia–reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer adjuvant therapy. Notably, landmark clinical progress has been achieved: The catalytic nanocrystal suspension CNM-Au8, a therapeutic candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has advanced to phase II clinical trials. This review systematically summarizes the core catalytic mechanisms of antioxidant nanozymes, clarifies the structure–activity relationships between rational material design and catalytic performance, reviews the latest advances in their biomedical applications, and dissects the key bottlenecks restricting preclinical research and clinical translation. It aims to provide rational design principles for researchers in this field, reduce empirical trial and error in material development, and provide guidance for the further optimization and clinical translation of antioxidant nanozymes. 抗氧化纳米酶通过模拟天然抗氧化酶的核心催化功能（包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶样活性）来调节活性氧物种的稳态。天然抗氧化酶的临床翻译长期受到固有限制：体内半衰期短、生理条件下易失活、繁琐的纯化过程、高生产成本、不可忽视的免疫原性以及限于靶向能力。相比之下，抗氧化纳米酶可以通过卓越的结构稳定性、可调节的催化活性、低的制备成本和灵活的多功能修饰来克服这些瓶颈。在天然酶催化机制的指导下，研究人员建立了合理的抗氧化纳米酶设计策略。迄今为止，已开发出多种抗氧化纳米酶，在多个生物医学领域具有前景，包括炎症性疾病、缺血-再灌注损伤、神经退行性疾病及癌症辅助治疗。值得注意的是，临床取得了里程碑式进展：催化纳米晶悬浮物CNM-Au8作为肌萎缩侧索硬化症的治疗候选药物，已进入二期临床试验阶段。本综述系统总结了抗氧化纳米酶的核心催化机制，阐明理性材料设计与催化性能之间的结构-活性关系，回顾其生物医学应用的最新进展，并剖析限制前临床研究和临床转化的关键瓶颈。其目标是为该领域的研究人员提供合理的设计原则，减少材料开发中的经验反复试验，并为抗氧化纳米酶的进一步优化和临床转化提供指导。 6.Predicting 1-Year Renal Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease in CKD Stages 3 to 4: A Multimodal Machine Learning Approach Fusing Clinical Composites and Pathology Images /预测慢性肾病3至4期糖尿病肾病患者1年肾脏结局：结合临床复合材料与病理图像的多模态机器学习方法 双语摘要： Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) at chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 4 are at high risk for rapid renal function decline within 1 year. However, owing to the multifactorial complexity of the disease, effective prognostic tools that integrate multidimensional clinical and pathological information are currently lacking for this specific population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 322 patients with biopsy-proven DKD (CKD stages 3 to 4) from the China-Japan Friendship Hospital and Hebei University Affiliated Hospital. Their clinical data and 2,576 renal biopsy pathology images were used to develop and validate a multimodal model. Machine learning was applied to integrate clinical composite indices and renal biopsy images to develop a prognostic prediction tool. Four key clinical predictors were identified: estimated glomerular filtration rate, 24-h urinary protein, systemic immune inflammation index, and estimated pulse wave velocity. Among the 6 machine learning algorithms used to develop the prediction models, the random forest algorithm achieved the best performance in the test set, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.889 and a precision–recall AUC (PR-AUC) of 0.921 for predicting the 1-year composite renal endpoint. The integration of pathological features led to a marked improvement in the performance of the model (ROC-AUC: 0.923 vs. 0.898). External validation demonstrated that incorporating pathological information into the model increased the ROC-AUC from 0.885—achieved when clinical composite indices alone were used as predictors—to 0.930. In this study, machine learning-based automated image analysis of glomerular crescent-shaped changes and renal interstitial fibrosis was integrated with established clinical composite indices to construct an accurate model for predicting short-term renal prognosis of DKD at CKD stages 3 to 4 and to provide a potential tool for improved risk stratification. 慢性肾病（CKD）第3至第4期糖尿病肾病（DKD）患者在一年内肾功能迅速下降的风险较高。然而，由于该疾病多因素复杂性，目前缺乏能够整合多维临床和病理信息的有效预后工具来针对该特定人群。我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究，涉及322名活检证实的DKD（慢性肾病第3至4期）患者，均来自中日友谊医院及河北大学附属医院。他们的临床数据和2576张肾活检病理图像被用于开发和验证多模态模型。机器学习被应用于整合临床综合指标和肾活检图像，开发出预后预测工具。识别出四个关键临床预测因子：估计肾小球过滤率、24小时尿蛋白、全身免疫炎症指数和估计脉冲波速度。在用于开发预测模型的6种机器学习算法中，随机森林算法在测试集中表现最佳，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线（AUC）下的面积为0。889，预测一年综合肾终点的准确性回忆AAC（PR-AUC）为0.921。病理特征的整合显著提升了模型性能（ROC-AUC：0.923对0.898）。外部验证表明，将病理信息纳入模型可使ROC-AUC从0提升。885——仅以临床综合指标作为预测变量时，达到0.930。本研究将基于机器学习的肾小球新月形变化和肾间质纤维化的自动图像分析与已建立的临床综合指数相结合，构建了一个准确模型，用于预测CKD第3至4期DKD短期肾预后，并为改善风险分层提供潜在工具。 7.Monocyte-Derived LGMN+ Macrophages Divert Lung Injury Outcomes toward Fibrosis through Matrix Remodeling /单核细胞来源的LGMN+巨噬细胞通过基质重塑将肺损伤结局转向纤维化 双语摘要： Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and irreversible architectural distortion. The mechanisms driving the transition from tissue repair to fibrosis are complex and remain poorly understood. By analyzing interpatient variation across 75 idiopathic PF lungs, we identified a conserved profibrotic macrophage subset, distinct from canonical M1/M2 or SPP1 states, characterized by high legumain () expression and enrichment of gene signatures implicated in leukocyte activation and matrix remodeling.  macrophages localize within fibroblastic foci and are associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Lineage-tracing and RNA velocity analyses revealed that  macrophages arise from monocytes through fibroblast-derived macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling, which activates Maf BZIP transcription factor B-dependent differentiation programs. Pharmacological inhibition or macrophage-specific deletion of  markedly attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, reduced extracellular matrix accumulation, and improved lung architecture. LGMN activates cathepsin S to mediate degradation of basement membrane collagen IV, thereby disrupting the alveolar–capillary barrier. In parallel, secreted LGMN acts as a paracrine signal to activate fibroblasts and promote collagen I deposition, collectively fostering a profibrotic niche. Together, these findings establish LGMN as a macrophage effector that links immune activation to matrix remodeling, thereby driving the transition from tissue injury to fibrosis. 肺纤维化（PF）是一种致命的间质性肺病，其特征是细胞外基质沉积过度和不可逆的结构变形。推动组织修复向纤维化转变的机制复杂且尚未充分了解。通过分析75个特发性PF肺的病患间变异，我们发现了一个保守的前纤维化巨噬细胞亚组，区别于典型的M1/M2或SPP1状态，其特征是高左旋（legumain）表达和与白细胞激活和基质重塑相关的基因特征富集。巨噬细胞定位于成纤维细胞焦点区，与疾病进展和预后不佳有关。谱系追踪和RNA速度分析显示，巨噬细胞通过成纤维细胞衍生的巨噬细胞集落刺激因子信号产生，激活Maf BZIP转录因子B依赖性分化程序。药物抑制或巨噬细胞特异性缺失显著减弱的博来霉素诱导肺纤维化，减少细胞外基质积累，改善肺结构。LGMN激活细胞蛋白酶S，介导基底膜胶原蛋白IV的降解，从而破坏肺泡-毛细血管屏障。与此同时，分泌的LGMN作为旁分泌信号激活成纤维母细胞并促进胶原蛋白I沉积，共同促进前纤维化生态位。这些发现共同确立了LGMN作为巨噬细胞效应因子，将免疫激活与基质重塑联系起来，从而推动组织损伤向纤维化的转变。 8.Quantum-Inspired Fast Algorithm and Circuit Realization for Constrained Combinatorial Optimization Problem /量子启发的快速算法与约束组合优化问题的电路实现 双语摘要： Constrained combinatorial optimization (CCO) problems are prevalent across various fields and represent key challenges in computational science and engineering. Although numerous classical and quantum algorithms have been proposed to tackle these problems, substantial limitations still persist. Classical algorithms exhibit exponential computational complexity growth with scale and persistent vulnerability to local minima traps. Quantum computing, while offering theoretical advantages through global superposition, faces practical barriers such as short decoherence times and current hardware limitations. To address these challenges, we propose a quantum-inspired fast algorithm for solving CCO problems. Our approach enhances global search capability with superposition encoding and avoids constraint-induced local minima via a project–feedback strategy. Particularly, our method aligns with mature electronics manufacturing and demonstrates a proof-of-concept implementation in classical systems, indicating high-efficiency potential for solving constrained optimization problems. 受限组合优化（CCO）问题在多个领域都很普遍，是计算科学和工程中的关键挑战。尽管已有大量经典和量子算法被提出来解决这些问题，但仍存在重大局限性。经典算法随着规模的指数级计算复杂度增长，并且对局部极小值陷阱的持续脆弱性。量子计算虽然通过全局叠加提供了理论优势，但也面临着诸如退相干时间短和当前硬件限制等实际障碍。为应对这些挑战，我们提出了一种量子启发的快速算法用于解决CCO问题。我们的方法通过叠加编码增强了全局搜索能力，并通过项目反馈策略避免了约束诱导的局部极小值。特别是，我们的方法符合成熟的电子制造，并在经典系统中实现了概念验证，显示出解决受限优化问题的高效率潜力。 9.Artificial Intelligence with Robotics for Metabolic Rehabilitation and Enhanced Patient Recovery in Critical Care /人工智能与机器人技术用于代谢康复及重症监护患者康复提升 双语摘要： This narrative review summarizes recent advances in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rehabilitation robotics with metabolic regulation in critically ill pulmonary patients. AI-enabled robotic systems, combining multimodal physiological sensing with adaptive machine learning, allow continuous monitoring of cardiopulmonary and metabolic parameters and support individualized, dynamic interventions. Unlike conventional rehabilitation based on fixed protocols, these systems establish closed-loop feedback between metabolic signals and motor output, enabling sustained low-intensity muscle activation while optimizing oxygen utilization, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Such regulation may interrupt the pathological interplay among inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and muscle atrophy, thereby promoting respiratory and systemic recovery. Recent developments in metabolic monitoring, biofeedback control, and multi-omics integration have further extended these platforms toward comprehensive metabolic management. By integrating biomechanical support with computational and biochemical intelligence, this approach reframes rehabilitation as an active process of metabolic reprogramming. However, current evidence remains heterogeneous, and well-designed clinical studies are needed to validate the reproducibility and clinical efficacy of these strategies. 本叙述综述总结了人工智能（AI）驱动的康复机器人与重症肺病患者代谢调控整合的最新进展。AI驱动的机器人系统结合多模态生理感知与自适应机器学习，能够持续监测心肺和代谢参数，支持个性化、动态的干预措施。与基于固定方案的传统康复不同，这些系统在代谢信号与运动输出之间建立了闭环反馈，实现持续的低强度肌肉激活，同时优化氧气利用、葡萄糖代谢和线粒体功能。这种调节可能中断炎症、代谢失衡和肌肉萎缩之间的病理相互作用，从而促进呼吸和全身的恢复。代谢监测、生物反馈控制和多组学集成的最新进展进一步拓展了这些平台，实现了全面的代谢管理。通过将生物力学支持与计算和生化智能相结合，这种方法将康复重新定义为一个主动的代谢重编程过程。然而，目前证据仍存在异质性，需要设计良好的临床研究以验证这些策略的可重复性和临床疗效。 10.Ultrasensitive In Vivo Imaging of Adoptive Immune Cell Distribution and Expansion Using Second Near-Infrared Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Probes /利用第二枚近红外共轭寡电解质探针进行采纳免疫细胞分布和扩增的超灵敏体内成像 双语摘要： Monitoring adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors is critical for evaluating treatment efficacy and guiding clinical medication but is also hindered by poor sensitivity, high background signals, and disruptions of therapeutic functions in existing techniques. In this study, a membrane-mimicking conjugated oligoelectrolyte with second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence, conjugated oligoelectrolytes-benzobisthiadiazole (COE-BBT), is applied for the first time to label and track chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (CAR-NK) cells and T (CAR-T) cells in vivo. COE-BBT stably embeds in lipid bilayers through combined electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, resists membrane crossing, and supports long-lasting labeling with a lighting-up property. The optimized labeling approach achieves high sensitivity, enabling the detection of as few as ~20 labeled cells in vitro and ~50 cells in vivo under NIR-II imaging. In orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma models, NIR-II fluorescence imaging enables continuous tracking of CAR-NK and CAR-T cell proliferation, migration, tumor homing, and blood–brain barrier penetration for up to 14 d posttransfer as the fluorescence signal is enhanced during proliferation, without compromising cell viability or cytotoxic function. The COE-BBT probe also exhibits favorable biosafety, underscoring its translational potential as a robust imaging strategy to improve solid tumor adoptive cell therapy monitoring and clinical guidance of therapeutic dosing. 监测实体肿瘤中的采养细胞疗法对于评估治疗效果和指导临床用药至关重要，但同时也受到敏感度低、背景信号较强以及现有技术治疗功能中断的阻碍。本研究首次将一种膜模拟的共轭寡果电解质，具有第二近红外（NIR-II）荧光——共轭寡电解质-苯并并置二唑（COE-BBT），用于体内标记和追踪嵌合抗原受体（CAR）工程自然杀伤细胞（CAR-NK）和T（CAR-T）细胞。COE-BBT通过结合静电和疏水相互作用稳定嵌入脂质双层，抵抗膜穿透，并支持具有照明特性的持久标记。优化的标记方法实现了高灵敏度，使得体外检测到的标记细胞少至约20个，体内检测到约50个细胞。在正位和皮下胶质瘤模型中，NIR-II荧光成像能够连续追踪CAR-NK和CAR-T细胞的增殖、迁移、肿瘤归巢及血脑屏障穿透，时间长达14天，同时在增殖过程中增强荧光信号，同时不影响细胞存活率或细胞毒性功能。COE-BBT探针还表现出良好的生物安全性，凸显其作为改善实体肿瘤采纳细胞治疗监测和临床治疗剂量指导的有力成像策略的转化潜力。 11.Single-Ion Anisotropy-Stabilized Short-Period Helimagnetism in Frustrated Chiral Co5TeO8 /受挫的手性Co5TeO8中的单离子各向异性稳定短周期螺旋磁性 双语摘要： Chiral spin textures in magnetic insulators promise magneto-electric (ME) spintronics with orders-of-magnitude lower power consumption than metallic systems. However, realizing the short magnetic periods required for high-density device integration remains difficult, as conventional Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI)-based mechanisms typically constrain spiral periods to tens of nanometers. While theory predicts that strong single-ion anisotropy (SIA) on frustrated lattices can stabilize complex non-coplanar textures, the potential for using this mechanism to engineer such compact textures remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that a cubic chiral insulator CoTeO provides an experimental example of this paradigm. Comprehensive neutron scattering and magnetometry reveal helimagnetic spirals with continuously tunable pitch of 5.7 to 10 nm embedded in a complex phase diagram spanning 8 distinct phases. Capacitance anomalies throughout the phase diagram indicate ME coupling, pointing to the possibility of future -field control of these textures. The temperature and field dependence of the helical wavevector strongly support a scenario in which site-dependent SIA provides the leading contribution to the selection of the helical period from a frustration-induced degenerate manifold. Consistent with this interpretation, ab initio calculations place SIA approximately an order of magnitude above DMI, distinct from conventional helimagnets. CoTeO thus offers an experimental realization of sub-10-nm helimagnetism and motivates a design principle for anisotropy-engineered correlated insulators. 磁绝缘体中的手性自旋织理有望实现磁电（ME）自旋电子学，其功耗比金属系统低一个数量级。然而，实现高密度器件集成所需的短磁周期仍然困难，因为传统的基于Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya相互作用（DMI）的机制通常将螺旋周期限制在数十纳米。理论预测，受挫晶格上的强单离子各向异性（SIA）可以稳定复杂的非共面纹理，但利用该机制工程化此类紧致结构的潜力仍大多未被充分探索。这里，我们报告说立方手性绝缘体CoTeO提供了这一范式的一个实验例子。全面的中子散射和磁力测量揭示了螺旋螺旋，其连续可调间距为5.7至10纳米，嵌入于涵盖8个不同相位的复杂相图中。相图中存在电容异常，表明ME耦合，表明未来这些结构可能实现-场控制。螺旋波矢的温度和场依赖性强烈支持这样一种情景：站点依赖的SIA在从挫折诱导的简并流形中选择螺旋周期中发挥了主导作用。与此解释一致，从头计算中SIA大约比DMI高一个数量级，与传统螺旋体不同。因此，CoTeO提供了亚10纳米螺旋磁性的实验实现，并推动了各向异性工程相关绝缘体的设计原则。 12.Interorgan Communications in Skeletal Pathophysiology: From Molecular Pathways to Multidisciplinary Therapies /骨骼病理生理中的器官间通讯：从分子通路到多学科治疗 双语摘要： Communications between organs contribute to propel physiological functions, as well as pathological processes. Growing evidence indicates that bone is continuously regulated by multiple layers of endocrine, immune, metabolic, and neural networks. The common bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration, are reported with tight associations to other nonbone organs. These organ–bone axes emphasize the interorgan communications that maintain the bone homeostasis and maintain individual health. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in the organ–bone communications, highlighting mechanistic innovations, such as the gut–bone–immune axis, neuro–immune–bone integration, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, adipo–neuro–bone axis, and their connections with bone pathophysiology. Furthermore, we highlight circulating biomarkers and imaging advances reflecting organ–bone crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance, current research gaps, and unsolved questions of organ–bone communications in the diagnostic stratification, treatment selection, and multidisciplinary management of bone diseases. 器官间的通讯促进生理功能和病理过程的推进。越来越多的证据表明，骨骼受到多层内分泌、免疫、代谢和神经网络的持续调控。常见的骨疾病，包括骨质疏松、骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎和椎间盘退化，均与其他非骨器官紧密关联。这些器官-骨轴强调器官间的通讯，维持骨骼稳态并维持个体健康。本综述系统总结了器官-骨骼通讯的最新进展，强调机制创新，如肠道-骨骼-免疫轴、神经-免疫-骨骼整合、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、脂肪-神经-骨轴及其与骨骼病理生理的联系。此外，我们还重点介绍了循环生物标志物和反映器官-骨骼交叉的影像学进展。最后，我们讨论了器官-骨通讯在诊断分层、治疗选择和多学科管理中的临床相关性、当前研究空白及未解决的问题。 13.Physics-Informed Artificial Intelligence Design of Picomolar Nanobodies Enables Deep Tumor Penetration and High-Contrast Imaging /基于物理的人工智能设计，使皮科莫拉纳米体能够穿透深部肿瘤和高对比度成像 双语摘要： The clinical utility of nanobodies in solid tumor therapy is constrained by a fundamental biophysical trade-off: rapid renal clearance necessitates half-life extension, which in turn demands ultrahigh affinity to prevent dissociation from the target under systemic washout conditions. While generative artificial intelligence has substantially advanced structure prediction, it often fails to resolve the subtle energetic frustrations at protein–protein interfaces required for affinity maturation. Here, we present a physics-informed artificial intelligence framework that integrates AlphaFold 3 structural priors with molecular dynamics simulations to rationally design a picomolar anti-carcinoembryonic antigen nanobody. By employing variable dielectric molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area decomposition, we identified interfacial residues that were structurally permissible but thermodynamically suboptimal. We subsequently constructed a focused library to resolve these bottlenecks through electrostatic optimization, desolvation penalty minimization, and van der Waals packing refinement. This strategy achieved a 99% binding positivity rate and yielded variants with picomolar affinity ( ≈ 44 pM)—an ~306-fold improvement over the parental clone—without compromising thermal stability ( > 63 °C). To translate these biophysical gains into therapeutic efficacy, we engineered bispecific nanobodies fusing the affinity-matured domains with an anti-human serum albumin binder. In vivo longitudinal imaging of colorectal cancer xenografts revealed a “lock-and-hold” phenotype, characterized by deep intratumoral penetration and sustained retention (>168 h). This work demonstrates that coupling geometric deep learning with rigorous physical principles overcomes the inefficiencies of stochastic screening, providing a valuable framework that may be adapted for the rational development of high-potency biologics across various therapeutic targets. 纳米抗体在实体瘤治疗中的临床应用受到一个基本生物物理权衡的限制：快速的肾脏清除需要延长半衰期，而半衰期延长又要求具有极高的亲和力，以防止在全身循环过程中与靶标发生解离。尽管生成式人工智能在结构预测方面取得了显著进展，但往往无法解决蛋白质-蛋白质界面处所需的细微能量约束，这些约束对于亲和力成熟至关重要。在此，我们提出了一种基于物理信息的人工智能框架，将AlphaFold 3的结构先验与分子动力学模拟相结合，理性设计出一种皮摩尔级抗癌胚抗原纳米抗体。通过采用可变介电分子力学/广义Born表面积分解方法，我们识别出一些在结构上允许但热力学上不理想的界面残基。随后，我们构建了一个聚焦的库，通过静电优化、去溶剂化惩罚最小化以及范德华堆积优化来解决这些瓶颈问题。该策略实现了99%的结合亲和力阳性率，并产生了亲和力达到皮摩尔水平（≈44 pM）的变异体——相比母体克隆提高了约306倍，同时未影响热稳定性（>63°C）。为了将这些生物物理优势转化为治疗效果，我们设计了双特异性纳米抗体，将亲和力成熟结构域与抗人血清白蛋白结合剂融合。在结直肠癌异种移植模型中的体内纵向成像显示，该抗体表现出“锁住并保持”的表型，具有深入肿瘤内部渗透和持续滞留（>168小时）的特点。本研究证明，将几何深度学习与严谨的物理原理相结合，可克服随机筛选的效率不足，为针对多种治疗靶点开发高效生物制剂提供了有价值的框架。 14.NanoBind: Mechanism-Driven Deep Learning of Nanobody–Antigen Molecular Recognition /纳米结合：纳米抗体-抗原分子识别的机制驱动深度学习 双语摘要： Nanobody–antigen molecular recognition underpins nanobody discovery and development, necessitating accurate determination of binding occurrence, interface residues, and affinity. Current predictors are architecturally designed for the massive, heterogeneous spectrum of general protein–protein interactions, diluting the limited, complementarity-determining region (CDR)-dominated nanobody–antigen interaction (NAI) data and masking the decisive CDR signal. The scarcity of experimental affinity data precludes direct regression-based estimation of binding affinity. Here, we present NanoBind, a mechanism-driven deep learning framework that embeds the CDR-dominated binding pattern within its encoder, enabling robust prediction of binding occurrence and interface residues from limited NAI data. Constrained by scarce affinity data, NanoBind generates quantitative affinity ranges for nanobody–antigen pairs without extra experiments. Systematic benchmarking demonstrates that NanoBind surpasses state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and robustness, and interpretability analyses confirm that the model’s decisions align with the CDR-dominated binding mechanism. When million-sequence immune repertoires are screened against 4 antigens, NanoBind reduces candidate nanobodies to fewer than 100 per target. For the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD)–nanobody F2 complex, NanoBind correctly predicts binding occurrence, matches experimentally validated interface residues, and generates an affinity range quantitatively supported by molecular dynamics simulations. A server is available at . 纳米抗体-抗原分子识别是纳米抗体发现和开发的基础，需要准确确定结合发生、界面残基和亲和力。当前的预测器在架构上设计用于庞大且异质的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用光谱，稀释了有限的、由互补性决定区域（CDR）主导的纳米抗体-抗原相互作用（NAI）数据，并掩盖了决定性的CDR信号。实验亲和力数据稀缺，无法直接基于回归估计结合亲和力。本文介绍NanoBind，一种机制驱动的深度学习框架，其编码器内嵌以CDR为主导的结合模式，能够从有限的NAI数据中稳健预测结合发生率和界面残基。受限于有限的亲和力数据，NanoBind 无需额外实验即可为纳米抗体-抗原对生成定量亲和力范围。系统的基准测试表明，NanoBind在准确性和鲁棒性方面超越了最先进的方法，可解释性分析也证实模型的决策与CDR主导的结合机制一致。当对百万序列免疫库进行4种抗原筛选时，NanoBind将候选纳米抗体减少到每个靶点少于100个。对于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）尖峰受体结合域（RBD）-纳米抗体F2复合物，NanoBind能够准确预测结合发生，匹配经过实验验证的界面残基，并生成由分子动力学模拟定量支持的亲和力范围。服务器可在 . 15.Vehicle–Road Wear Microplastics: Fragmented Understanding of Their Impacts on Environment /车辆-道路磨损微塑料：对其对环境影响的零碎理解 双语摘要： Vehicle–road wear microplastics (VRWMPs) are microplastic-sized polymer-containing particles generated from the vehicle–road system, including tire–road wear particles (TRWPs) as the dominant composite class and other polymer-bearing wear debris (e.g., road marking wear). Their complex chemical composition and wide particle size distribution pose potential ecological risks. However, their impacts on ecosystems have long been overlooked because overlapping terminology (e.g., TRWP versus broader non-exhaust emissions) and nonstandardized characterization methods hinder cross-study comparability, while a tire-centered research focus and limited field monitoring obscure the contribution of pavement materials and realistic exposure scenarios. Existing studies largely emphasize tire-derived contributions, while the role of pavement materials remains underrepresented, resulting in an incomplete understanding of VRWMP formation mechanisms. In addition, limited long-term and systematic monitoring data constrain current knowledge of VRWMP migration, transformation, and environmental risks. From a road engineering perspective, this review synthesizes the full lifecycle of VRWMP, from generation to environmental fate. It focuses on formation mechanisms, preparation and characterization methods, migration, and transformation processes within roadway systems, and associated ecological and human health effects. Evidence indicates that VRWMP generation is jointly controlled by tire characteristics and pavement materials, yet a standardized characterization framework is still lacking. The migration and transformation of VRWMP are difficult to model due to data scarcity and pronounced regional variability related to geography, climate, and traffic conditions. Soil and aquatic environments represent major sinks, and exposure pathways such as inhalation may induce adverse biological effects, including oxidative stress and DNA damage. With the increasing complexity of pavement materials, establishing full-chain control of VRWMP, from generation to environmental fate, is becoming an urgent research priority. This review provides a scientific basis for advancing cleaner and more sustainable transportation infrastructure. 车辆-道路磨损微塑料（VRWMPs）是来自车辆与道路系统的含聚合物微粒，主要包括以轮胎-道路磨损颗粒（TRWPs）为主的复合类物质，以及其他含聚合物的磨损碎屑（如路面标线磨损）。其复杂的化学组成和广泛的粒径分布可能带来潜在的生态风险。然而，由于术语重叠（例如TRWP与更广义的非尾气排放）以及缺乏标准化的表征方法，导致研究间难以进行比较；同时，以轮胎为中心的研究重点以及有限的实地监测，使得对路面材料贡献及真实暴露情景的评估存在盲区。现有研究大多侧重于轮胎来源的贡献，而对路面材料作用的重视不足，致使对VRWMP形成机制的理解仍不完整。此外，长期系统性监测数据的缺乏，也限制了人们对VRWMP迁移、转化及环境风险的当前认知。从道路工程的角度来看，本文综述了VRWMP（道路材料中产生的微粒）从生成到环境归宿的完整生命周期。重点探讨了其在道路系统中的形成机制、制备与表征方法、迁移及转化过程，以及相关的生态和人类健康影响。现有证据表明，VRWMP的生成受轮胎特性与路面材料共同控制，但目前仍缺乏统一的标准表征框架。由于数据稀缺，且受地理、气候和交通条件等显著区域差异的影响，VRWMP的迁移与转化难以建模。土壤和水体是主要的吸收源，而吸入等暴露途径可能引发氧化应激和DNA损伤等不良生物效应。随着路面材料复杂性的增加，实现从生成到环境归宿的全链条控制已成为紧迫的研究重点。本文为推进更清洁、更可持续的交通基础设施提供了科学依据。 16.High-Efficiency Radiation via Fast Electron Beam Pinching in Nonuniform Plasmas /通过非均匀等离子体中快速电子束夹击实现的高效辐射 双语摘要： The continuous development of bright x/gamma-ray sources has opened up new frontiers of science and advanced applications. Currently, there is still a lack of efficient approaches to produce high-energy gamma-rays with peak brilliance comparable to modern free-electron lasers. Here, we report a novel mechanism called beam fast pinching radiation burst to generate such gamma-ray sources. It is achieved by injecting a giga-electron volt electron beam into a submillimeter plasma with an upramp density profile, enabling violent beam pinching to occur rapidly. During this process, a burst of collimated gamma-rays is efficiently produced with photon energies ranging from mega-electron volts to giga-electron volts, electron-to-photon energy conversion efficiency above 20%, and peak brilliance exceeding 10 photons s mm mrad per 0.1% bandwidth. All of these are several orders of magnitude higher than existing gamma-ray sources. This opens a novel avenue for the development of extremely bright gamma-ray sources for both fundamental research and cutting-edge applications. 明亮X射线/伽马射线源的持续发展开辟了科学的新前沿和先进应用。目前，仍然缺乏高效方法来产生具有现代自由电子激光峰值亮度的高能伽马射线。这里，我们报告了一种新机制，称为束流快速夹击辐射爆发，用于产生此类伽马射线源。它通过将一束吉兆电子伏电子束注入具有上升坡密度轮廓的亚毫米等离子体实现，从而能够快速发生剧烈的束束钳制。在此过程中，高效产生一波准直伽马射线，光子能量范围从兆电子伏特到十亿电子伏特，电子到光子的能量转换效率超过20%，峰值亮度超过每0秒的101%的带宽。所有这些都比现有的伽马射线源高出几个数量级。这为开发极亮伽马射线源开辟了新途径，既用于基础研究，也用于前沿应用。 17.Multisite Chronic Pain Reveals Neuro–Immune–Metabolic Dysregulation across Rheumatoid Arthritis and Depression /多部位慢性疼痛揭示了类风湿关节炎和抑郁症患者的神经免疫代谢失调 双语摘要： Multisite chronic pain (MCP) frequently co-occurs with immune and depressive disorders, yet whether it reflects coordinated cross-domain multi-omic dysregulation remains unknown. Using UK Biobank data (19,484 baseline participants; 32,870 to 399,476 for 15.9-year follow-up), we identified MCP-related multi-omic signatures spanning 59 biochemical measures, 168 metabolites, and 2,920 proteins. Notably, these signatures showed graded dysregulation [controls < depression < rheumatoid arthritis (RA) < comorbidity] with increasing disease burden, were associated with increased risk of incident RA and depression, and partially mediated their bidirectional association. We further identified HNMT as a depression risk factor, FGF21 as an RA risk factor, MME as a depression protective factor, and platelet count/FGF21/HNMT as shared factors using Mendelian randomization. Beyond disease outcomes, the signatures were associated with brain structural impairment and health-related behaviors (smoking/fish intake/physical activity), and aligned with polygenic liability for immune–metabolic–psychiatric traits. Together, these findings demonstrate that MCP reflects coordinated neuro–immune–metabolic dysregulation underlying RA–depression comorbidity and functions as a systems-level phenotype linking immune processes and depression. 多发性慢性疼痛（MCP）常与免疫和抑郁障碍共存，但其是否反映了跨领域多组学的协调失调尚不明确。我们利用英国生物银行数据（19,484名基线参与者；15.9年随访期间32,870至399,476人），识别出MCP相关的多组学特征，涵盖59项生化指标、168种代谢物和2,920种蛋白质。值得注意的是，这些特征随着疾病负担增加呈现出分级失调趋势【对照组 < 抑郁症 < 类风湿性关节炎（RA） < 合并症】，并与RA和抑郁症的发生风险升高相关，并在双向关联中部分起到中介作用。进一步研究发现，HNMT是抑郁症的风险因素，FGF21是RA的风险因素，MME是抑郁症的保护因素，而血小板计数/FGF21/HNMT则通过孟德尔随机化分析被确定为共享因素。除疾病结局外，这些特征还与脑结构损伤及健康相关行为（如吸烟、鱼类摄入、体力活动）有关，并与免疫-代谢-精神特质的多基因易感性一致。这些发现共同表明，MCP反映了类风湿性关节炎与抑郁症共病的神经-免疫-代谢失调，并作为连接免疫过程与抑郁的系统级表型发挥作用。 18.Dual-Confinement Strategy Enables Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction with Fe–N5 Electrocatalysts /双重约束策略使得利用Fe–N5电催化剂实现高效氧还原 双语摘要： Fe single-atom catalysts with well-defined porous architectures and optimized Fe–N microenvironments show great potential for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, we report Fe–N single-atom catalysts, where each Fe atom coordinates with 4 pyridinic N and 1 axial pyrrolic N, for efficient oxygen reduction. A dual-confinement strategy, combining the wood framework with Fe coordination, directs self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into a porous wood-derived architecture. Subsequent pyrolysis yields Fe–N catalysts anchored on N, S-codoped carbon with hollow, hierarchically interconnected 3-dimensional pores. Notably, coordination between CNCs and Fe guides the formation of Fe–N moieties within a tailored microenvironment, enabling control over the coordination number, heteroatom doping, and the electronic structure. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that FeN moieties are optimized through 3 synergistic factors: Fe coordination with 4 pyridinic N and 1 axial pyrrolic N, S doping from residual sulfate ester groups in CNCs, and adjacent micropores. Collectively, these effects lower the *OH desorption barrier, accelerating the adsorption/desorption of oxygenated intermediates. Consequently, Fe–N single-atom catalysts exhibit an exceptional oxygen reduction reaction activity with a half-wave potential of 0.964 V. This dual-confinement strategy enables high-performance non-precious-metal catalysts for metal–air batteries, as evidenced by Fe–N-based zinc–air batteries outperforming Pt/C. 具有明确多孔结构和优化Fe–N微环境的Fe单原子催化剂在增强氧还原反应方面具有巨大潜力。本文介绍Fe–N单原子催化剂，每个铁原子与4个吡啶N和1个轴向吡啋氮坐标，实现高效还原氧气。结合木材框架与铁配位的双约束策略，将纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）自组装成多孔的木材结构。随后的热解反应得到锚定在N碳上的Fe–N催化剂，碳为S-共混，具有空心且层级相连的三维孔。值得注意的是，CNC与Fe的配位指导了Fe–N基点在特定微环境中形成，从而实现对配位数、杂原子掺杂和电子结构的控制。X射线吸收光谱和密度泛函理论计算显示，FeN基团通过三个协同因素得到优化：Fe与4个吡啶N和1个轴向吡啋氮的配位，CNC中残留硫酸酯基团的S掺杂，以及邻近微孔。这些效应共同降低了*OH脱附屏障，加速了含氧中间体的吸附/脱附。因此，Fe–N单原子催化剂表现出卓越的氧还原反应活性，半波势为0.964 V。这种双约束策略使得金属-空气电池的高性能非贵金属催化剂得以实现，这从基于Fe–N的锌-空气电池表现优于Pt/C电池可见一斑。 19.Trabecular-Like Scaffold Dictates Osteogenesis via Fluid Shear Stress-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming through the CAV1–HIF-1α Axis /小梁样支架通过流体剪切应激诱导的代谢重编程，通过CAV1–HIF-1α轴决定成骨 双语摘要： The structural design of bone scaffolds determines the local fluid mechanical microenvironment; however, how such cues program stem cell metabolism to drive osteogenesis remains unclear. In this study, Voronoi-based trabecular-like scaffolds with tunable porosity were engineered to modulate fluid shear stress (FSS) while preserving a consistent topology. Computational fluid dynamics analyses confirmed that architectures with lower porosity generated higher FSS, enabling controlled investigation of mechano-metabolic coupling. Under dynamic culture conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured on high-FSS scaffolds exhibited enhanced osteogenic differentiation in vitro and promoted bone regeneration in vivo. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses identified caveolin-1 (CAV1) as a prominent FSS-responsive membrane regulator. Mechanistically, CAV1 enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT signaling, stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and induced a glycolytic shift that supports the energetic and biosynthetic demands of osteogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, HIF-1α, or glycolysis abolished FSS-driven osteogenic responses, validating a CAV1-centered mechano-metabolic axis. These findings establish a direct link between scaffold microarchitecture and metabolic regulation of osteogenesis and provide design principles for mechanically instructive bone repair materials. 骨架的结构设计决定了局部流体力学微环境;然而，这些线索如何编程干细胞代谢以驱动成骨，目前尚不清楚。本研究中，基于Voronoi的类小梁支架具有可调孔隙度，被设计用于调节流体剪切应力（FSS），同时保持拓扑结构一致。计算流体力学分析证实，低孔隙度的结构会产生更高的FSS，从而实现对机代谢耦合的受控研究。在动态培养条件下，骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）在高FSS支架上培养，体外骨生成分化增强，体内骨骼再生也更为显著。综合转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组分析确认了卡瓦利蛋白-1（CAV1）作为FSS反应性膜调节因子的重要成分。从机制上看，CAV1增强了磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）-AKT信号传导，稳定了缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α），并诱导了糖解转移，以支持成骨的能量和生物合成需求。药理学抑制PI3K、HIF-1α或糖酵解消除了FSS驱动的骨生成反应，验证了以CAV1为中心的机-代谢轴。这些发现确立了支架微构架与骨生成代谢调控之间的直接联系，并为机械指导性骨修复材料提供了设计原则。 20.Switchable Ultralong Chiral Signal Transmission and Gate Tunability in Organic Chiral Semiconductor /有机手性半导体中的可切换超长手征信号传输与栅极调谐性 双语摘要： Chiral structures have substantial potential for spin information utilization because of their distinctive spatial symmetry-breaking features and the consequent strong spin–charge correlation. One of the limitations in the development of chiral spintronics for both theoretical and practical applications is the limited range of chiral-related signal transmission, which is only tens of nanometers and is usually determined by the conductivity of the chiral materials and device applicability. In addition, the role of circularly polarized light, an important chiral parameter, in chiral signal transmission has been typically neglected. In this study, targeted chiral induction was conducted using the semiconductor polymer PCDTPT ([4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiad-iazolo [3,4-c] pyridine]), which was further used to fabricate a field-effect transistor device. In a dark environment, the chiral-related signal could be transmitted up to 10 μm with an external magnetic field. Through the synergistic effects of spin-selective transition and chiral spin filtering under illumination, the chiral signal expression was fundamentally switched to another form, and the transmission distance was notably increased to the millimeter scale. In addition, owing to the flexible external field tunability (gate voltage, temperature, and polarized light) in multiple scenarios, the chiral signals reflected detailed dynamic changes. The achievement of long-distance chiral signal transmission and circularly polarized light-induced signal conversion and extension is expected to promote the development of chiral spintronics for both theoretical and practical applications. 手性结构因其独特的空间对称破坏特征及由此产生的强烈自旋-电荷相关性，具有显著的自旋信息利用潜力。手征自旋电子学在理论和实际应用中发展的一个局限是手征相关信号传输范围有限，仅有数十纳米，通常由手征材料的导电性和器件适用性决定。此外，圆偏振光作为重要的手征参数，在手征信号传输中的作用通常被忽视。本研究使用半导体聚合物PCDTPT（[4,4-（4,4-二己腺苷-4-环戊酸[1,2-b：5,4-b′]二噻吩-2-yl）-alt-[1,2,5]thiad-iazolo [3,4-c]吡啶进行靶向手征诱导），进一步用于制造场效应晶体管器件。在黑暗环境中，手征相关信号在外部磁场下可传输至10微米。通过自旋选择性跃迁和手征自旋滤波在照明下的协同效应，手征信号表达从根本上转变为另一种形式，传输距离显著增加到毫米级尺度。此外，由于多种场景下的外部场可调性（栅极电压、温度和偏振光），手征信号反映了详细的动态变化。实现长距离手征信号传输以及圆偏振光诱导信号转换与扩展，预计将推动手征自旋电子学在理论和实际应用中的发展。 21.EpiMII: Structure-Aware Graph Neural Networks for MHC-II Epitope Generation /EpiMII：用于MHC-II表位生成的结构感知图神经网络 双语摘要： Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) neoantigens play a critical role in immunotherapy, either as direct effectors or through their influence on CD8 T cells. However, only a small fraction of tumor DNA mutations qualify as functional neoantigens, and current prediction tools suffer from limited accuracy, making the in vivo design of highly immunogenic neoantigens challenging. Here, we present EpiMII, a structure-aware graph neural network model for de novo design of MHC-II epitopes. By integrating 3-dimensional structural information through an inverse folding strategy, EpiMII generates mimotopes that preserve T cell specificity while enhancing MHC-II binding affinity and immunogenicity. The model was trained on a first-of-its-kind curated dataset of 142,934 homology-modeled MHC-II epitope structures, overcoming the scarcity of experimentally resolved MHC-II–peptide complexes. Benchmarking analyses illustrate that EpiMII achieves a sequence recovery rate of 66.7% on a held-out test set and 79.0% on crystallized epitopes, markedly outperforming existing tools like ProteinMPNN. In a hepatocellular carcinoma case study, all 5 EpiMII-designed epitopes could markedly activate CD4 T cells in vitro and induce the secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Notably, treatment with one epitope (P4) substantially reduced tumor volume in mice in vivo, comparable to a known positive control. These findings establish EpiMII as a powerful tool for structure-guided neoantigen discovery, with broad implications for cancer vaccine development and personalized immunotherapy. 主要组织相容性复合体II类（MHC-II）新抗原在免疫治疗中发挥关键作用，无论是作为直接效应因子，还是通过对CD8 T细胞的影响。然而，只有极少部分肿瘤DNA突变符合功能性新抗原的标准，且现有预测工具的准确性有限，使得高度免疫原的新抗原在体内设计具有挑战性。这里，我们介绍了EpiMII，一种结构感知图神经网络模型，用于MHC-II表位的新设计。通过逆折叠策略整合三维结构信息，EpiMII生成保持T细胞特异性同时增强MHC-II结合亲和力和免疫原性的拟株。该模型在首个由142,934个同源建模的MHC-II表位结构的策划数据集上训练，克服了实验解析的MHC-II肽复合物的稀缺问题。基准分析显示，EpiMII在保留测试集和79%的测试集中实现了66.7%的序列恢复率。在结晶表位上为0%，明显优于现有工具如ProteinMPNN。在一项肝细胞癌病例研究中，所有5个EpiMII设计表位均可显著激活体外CD4 T细胞，并诱导干扰素γ和肿瘤坏死因子α的分泌。值得注意的是，单表位（P4）治疗在体内显著减少了小鼠肿瘤体积，与已知的阳性对照相当。这些发现确立了EpiMII作为结构引导新抗原发现的有力工具，对癌症疫苗开发和个性化免疫治疗具有广泛意义。 22.Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells as Living Therapeutics Targeting Senescence and Age-Related Diseases /嵌合抗原受体T细胞作为针对衰老和与衰老相关疾病的活体治疗药物 双语摘要： The aging of the global population exacerbates the burden of age-related diseases; however, therapies that can intervene in fundamental aging processes are lacking. Senescent cells drive chronic inflammation and multitissue dysfunction through the secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic senescence-associated secretory phenotype cells, making them emerging therapeutic targets. Although first-generation senolytic drugs have entered clinical trials, they face limitations such as insufficient targeting specificity and transient efficacy. The success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy in cancer immunotherapy has validated its precision clearance capabilities as a “living drug”. This review systematically elaborates on the paradigm shift of extending CAR T cell therapy to aging medicine, from the discovery and validation of surface targets on senescent cells to a CAR engineering design tailored to the senescent microenvironment and from evidence of reversing fibrosis and improving metabolic function in preclinical models to the challenges of specificity, safety, and manufacturing faced in clinical translation. Finally, future directions for integrating technologies such as mRNA delivery and artificial intelligence are envisioned in this article, which proposes that CAR T cell therapy may drive the evolution of medicine from “treating single diseases” to “intervening in shared aging processes”, offering transformative strategies to achieve healthy aging. 全球人口老龄化加剧了与年龄相关的疾病负担;然而，能够干预根本衰老过程的疗法仍然缺乏。衰老细胞通过分泌促炎和纤维化衰老相关的分泌表型细胞，驱动慢性炎症和多组织功能障碍，使其成为新兴的治疗靶点。尽管第一代去老年药物已进入临床试验，但它们面临着靶向特异性不足和疗效短暂等局限性。嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR T细胞）疗法在癌症免疫治疗中的成功验证了其作为“活体药物”的精准清除能力。本综述系统地阐述了将CAR T细胞疗法推广至衰老医学的范式转变，从发现和验证衰老细胞表面靶点，到针对衰老微环境量身定制的CAR工程设计，从逆转纤维化和改善代谢功能的证据，到特异性的挑战， 临床转化中面临的安全和制造问题。最后，本文展望了mRNA递送和人工智能等技术的未来整合方向，提出CAR T细胞疗法可能推动医学从“治疗单一疾病”向“干预共享衰老过程”的演进，提供实现健康衰老的变革策略。 23.DNA Nanotechnology-Enabled Precise Regulation of Nanozymes and Their Applications /DNA纳米技术赋能的精确调控纳米酶及其应用 双语摘要： Nanozymes overcome key limitations of natural enzymes, including poor environmental tolerance, high production costs, and batch-to-batch variability, with their enhanced physicochemical stability and controllable catalytic performance, thus enabling applications in biocatalysis and disease theranostics. However, their practical applications remain limited by insufficient catalytic efficiency, inadequate target specificity, and restricted programmable dynamic adaptability. DNA nanotechnology offers a versatile and biocompatible framework for the precise regulation of nanozymes due to its sequence-defined programmability and precise molecular recognition capability. This approach improves catalytic performance while maintaining excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances in DNA nanotechnology-mediated precise regulation of nanozymes, with particular emphasis on the mechanistic basis of 6 regulatory modes. We further examine the representative applications of these DNA–nanozyme hybrid systems in disease therapy, biomedical sensing, and environmental monitoring, and outline the key challenges and future directions toward clinical and industrial translation. 纳米酶克服了天然酶的主要局限性，包括环境耐受性差、生产成本高和批次间变异性，凭借其增强的物理化学稳定性和可控催化性能，从而实现了在生物催化和疾病治疗型肿瘤学中的应用。然而，其实际应用仍受催化效率不足、靶点特异性不足以及可编程动态适应性受限。DNA纳米技术凭借其序列定义的可编程性和精确的分子识别能力，为精确调控纳米酶提供了一种多功能且生物兼容的框架。该方法在保持优异生物相容性和低免疫原性的同时，提升催化性能。本综述系统总结了DNA纳米技术介导的纳米酶精确调控的最新进展，特别强调6种调控模式的机理基础。我们还进一步探讨了这些DNA-纳米酶混合系统在疾病治疗、生物医学感知和环境监测中的代表性应用，并概述了临床和工业转化的关键挑战及未来方向。 24.Rejuvenated Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell-Engineered CAR-Armored Natural Killer T Cells for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma /复活造血干细胞和祖细胞工程CAR装甲自然杀手T细胞，治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤 双语摘要： Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy arising from the pleural lining, characterized by a dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Mesothelin (MSLN)-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-armored T (CAR-T) cell therapies have shown encouraging preliminary outcomes; however, autologous manufacturing approaches remain constrained by logistical complexity and prolonged production timelines, which are suboptimal for patients with rapidly advancing disease. Here, we describe the development of human allogeneic interleukin-15-augmented, MSLN-specific, CAR-armored invariant natural killer T (MCAR-NKT) cells. These cells are generated through genetic modification of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, followed by a clinically guided CAR-NKT cell differentiation, maturation, and expansion process. This approach supports scalable production with high cellular yield, purity, and translational feasibility. Functionally, MCAR-NKT cells exhibit robust antitumor efficacy in vitro and demonstrate robust therapeutic activity across multiple in vivo MPM xenograft models, including subcutaneous and lung metastasis models. In addition, they actively modulate the tumor microenvironment by targeting CD1d tumor-associated macrophages. Phenotypic analysis reveals a rejuvenated cellular profile, marked by low expression of exhaustion-associated and inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT, consistent with sustained functional capacity. Importantly, these cells display a favorable safety profile, with minimal evidence of graft-versus-host disease, cytokine release syndrome, brain infiltration or neurotoxicity, and no detectable off-tumor effects. Collectively, these findings support the development of a clinically translatable, off-the-shelf CAR-NKT cell therapy for the treatment of MPM. 恶性胸膜间皮瘤（MPM）是一种罕见且高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，起源于胸膜内膜，其特征是预后惨淡且治疗选择有限。间皮素（MSLN）导向嵌合抗原受体（CAR）装甲T（CAR-T）细胞疗法显示出令人鼓舞的初步效果;然而，自耦制造方法仍受限于物流复杂性和较长的生产周期，这对病情迅速恶化的患者来说并不理想。本文介绍了人类异体白介素-15增强、MSLN特异性、CAR装甲不变自然杀伤T细胞（MCAR-NKT）的发育过程。这些细胞通过造血干细胞和祖细胞的基因改造生成，随后经过临床指导的CAR-NKT细胞分化、成熟和扩增过程。该方法支持可扩展生产，具有高细胞产率、纯度高且转化可行性。功能上，MCAR-NKT细胞在体外表现出强劲的抗肿瘤疗效，并在多个体内MPM异种移植模型中表现出强劲的治疗活性，包括皮下和肺转移模型。此外，它们通过靶向CD1d肿瘤相关巨噬细胞，主动调节肿瘤微环境。表型分析显示细胞结构焕发，表现为疲劳相关和抑制性受体（包括PD-1、TIM-3、LAG-3、CTLA-4和TIGIT）表达较低，符合持续功能能力。值得注意的是，这些细胞表现出良好的安全性特征，几乎没有移植物抗宿主病、细胞因子释放综合征、脑浸润或神经毒性的证据，且无可检测到的肿瘤外效应。综合来看，这些发现支持开发一种临床可转载的现成CAR-NKT细胞疗法用于治疗MPM。 25.Experimentally Validated Quantum-Secure Federated Learning over a Multi-user Quantum Network /经过实验验证的多用户量子网络上的量子安全联邦学习 双语摘要： Federated learning enables decentralized, privacy-preserving training but remains vulnerable to privacy leakage in the quantum era. Quantum federated learning (QFL) offers a promising path toward enhanced security and efficiency. However, a practical and experimentally validated QFL protocol utilizing near-term quantum techniques to address data privacy has been lacking. Here, we present QuNetQFL, a QFL protocol implemented on quantum networks, in which local model updates are masked with distributed quantum secret keys, offering information-theoretic security during aggregation. We experimentally validate the protocol on a 4-client quantum network and benchmark its performance using the generated keys on quantum and real-world datasets. Adding a single quantum client substantially improves global accuracy for classifying multipartite entangled and nonstabilizer quantum datasets. For language tasks, we apply QuNetQFL to sentiment analysis by federated fine-tuning of a hybrid classical-quantum language model, achieving comparable and robust performance in simulation and on real quantum hardware. Large-scale simulations further demonstrate scalability to 200 clients for handwritten-digit recognition, with rapid convergence and a 75% reduction in communication cost via model compression. Our work establishes a practical and scalable route to quantum-secure federated learning for the emerging quantum internet. 联邦学习实现了去中心化、保护隐私的培训，但在量子时代仍易受到隐私泄露的风险。量子联邦学习（QFL）为提升安全性和效率提供了一条有前景的道路。然而，目前缺乏一个实用且经过实验验证的QFL协议，利用近未来量子技术来解决数据隐私问题。本文介绍了QuNetQFL，一种在量子网络上实现的QFL协议，其本地模型更新被分布式量子秘密密钥掩盖，在聚合过程中提供信息理论安全。我们在一个四客户端量子网络上实验验证了该协议，并利用生成的密钥在量子和现实世界数据集上测试其性能。增加单个量子客户端显著提升了对多部分纠缠和非稳定子量子数据集分类的全局准确性。对于语言任务，我们通过对混合经典-量子语言模型进行联邦微调，将QuNetQFL应用于情感分析，在模拟和真实量子硬件上实现了可比且稳健的性能。大规模仿真进一步展示了可扩展至200个客户端的手写数字识别能力，实现快速收敛，并通过模型压缩降低75%的通信成本。我们的工作为新兴的量子互联网建立了一条实用且可扩展的量子安全联邦学习路径。 26.Natural Flavonoids Genistein and Baicalein as Well-Tolerated Radiosensitizers to Enhance the Efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA617 in Prostate Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies /天然类黄酮如基尼斯坦和黄芩碱作为高度耐受的放射敏化剂，以增强177Lu-PSMA617在前列腺癌中的疗效：体外及体内研究 双语摘要： The efficacy of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is limited by tumor heterogeneity and intrinsic radioresistance. This study investigates 2 natural flavonoids, genistein and baicalein, as potential radiosensitizers to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of Lu-PSMA617 therapy. In vitro, combined treatment with low-toxicity concentrations (5 to 15 μM), based on cellular median inhibitory concentration (IC) of either flavonoid, dose-dependently enhanced the cytotoxicity of Lu-PSMA617 against the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, reducing its IC to 14.2% to 45.1% of that with monotherapy. All combination regimens demonstrated synergistic interaction, with combination indices below 0.82. Mechanistically, the combinations (particularly at 10 μM) induced a pro-oxidant shift (increasing reactive oxygen species by 78% to 144%), amplified DNA damage (γ-H2AX increased by 85% to 115%), and promoted apoptosis (caspase-3 activity increased by 325% to 389%) while suppressing prosurvival p-AKT. Transcriptomic profiling further revealed that both flavonoids induced a pro-apoptotic gene signature and markedly modulated multiple cancer-related pathways, particularly inhibiting key DNA double-strand break repair pathways such as nonhomologous end-joining. In vivo, combination therapies profoundly inhibited tumor growth (50.2% to 78.1% reduction versus monotherapy) and extended survival, with no overt systemic toxicity observed in this preliminary assessment. This work establishes genistein and baicalein as effective, multi-targeted radiosensitizers that enhance Lu-PSMA617 efficacy by cooperatively amplifying DNA damage, inhibiting repair mechanisms, and activating the apoptotic cascade. Their natural origin and established safety profile underscore their translational potential. Thus, genistein and baicalein represent promising novel adjuvants for prostate cancer radioligand therapy. 前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）靶向放射配体治疗在转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌中的疗效受肿瘤异质性和内在放射性耐受限制。本研究探讨两种天然类黄酮——genistein和芩形素，作为提升Lu-PSMA617疗法治疗效果的潜在放射敏剂。体外结合低毒性浓度（5至15微M）的治疗，基于任一类黄酮的细胞中位抑制浓度（IC），剂量依赖性增强了Lu-PSMA617对人类前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP的细胞毒性，将其IC降至14。单药治疗的比例为2%到45.1%。所有组合方案均显示协同相互作用，组合指数均低于0.82。从机制上看，这些组合（尤其是在10微米）诱导了促进氧化剂转变（使活性氧物种增加78%至144%），增强了DNA损伤（γ-H2AX增加85%至115%），并促进了凋亡（caspase-3活性增加325%，达到389%），同时抑制了p-AKT的存活期。转录组分析进一步揭示，这两种类黄酮都能诱导促凋亡基因特征，并显著调节多种癌症相关通路，特别是抑制关键的DNA双链断裂修复通路，如非同源末端连接。在体内，联合疗法显著抑制肿瘤生长（50.2%至78%。相比单药治疗减少1%），且存活期延长，初步评估中未观察到明显的全身性毒性。这项工作确立了基尼斯坦和黄芩碱作为有效的多靶向放射敏化剂，通过协同扩增DNA损伤、抑制修复机制并激活凋亡级联反应，增强Lu-PSMA617的效能。其天然来源和已建立的安全性特征凸显了其转化潜力。因此，genistein和黄芩碱是前列腺癌放射配体治疗中有前景的新佐剂。 27.Extracellular Metabolites and Natural Killer Cell Antitumor Function: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies /细胞外代谢物与自然杀伤细胞抗肿瘤功能：机制与治疗策略 双语摘要： Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of eliminating malignant cells independent of prior antigen sensitization, thereby constituting a critical first-line defense in tumor immunosurveillance. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic dysregulation profoundly impairs NK cell effector function, and accumulating studies have investigated the regulatory effects of extracellular metabolites on NK cells. This review systematically delineates the direct mechanistic interplay between extracellular metabolites and NK cell antitumor immunity, with particular emphasis on their roles as structural components, bioenergetic substrates, metabolic reprogramming inducers, modification donors, gene transcription regulators, stress response mediators, intracellular pH modulators, and ligands engaging cognate receptors to initiate downstream signaling cascades. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic strategies targeting metabolites to potentiate NK cell functionality, encompassing modulation of metabolite availability within the TME and exploitation of metabolite-sensitive signaling axes. In addition, combination of metabolic interventions with other modalities, such as adoptive NK cell transfer and anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 therapy, is also evaluated for prospective applications. This review provides a conceptual framework for understanding the metabolic regulation of NK cells, highlighting emerging directions for advancing NK-cell-centered cancer immunotherapy through metabolic modulation. 自然杀手（NK）细胞是先天的细胞毒性淋巴细胞，能够在不依赖先前抗原敏化的情况下消灭恶性细胞，因此成为肿瘤免疫监测中至关重要的一线防御。在肿瘤微环境（TME）中，代谢失调严重损害NK细胞效应器功能，越来越多的研究正在探讨细胞外代谢产物对NK细胞的调控作用。本综述系统地阐明了细胞外代谢物与NK细胞抗肿瘤免疫之间的直接机制相互作用，特别强调它们作为结构成分、生物能量底物、代谢重编程诱导者、修饰供体、基因转录调控因子、应激反应介导子、细胞内pH调节因子以及配体与同源受体结合启动下游信号级联的作用。此外，我们讨论了针对代谢物以增强NK细胞功能的治疗策略，包括调节TME内代谢物可用性以及利用代谢物敏感信号轴。此外，代谢干预与其他方式结合，如采养性NK细胞移植和抗程序性细胞死亡蛋白1/程序性死亡配体1治疗，也评估其前瞻性应用。本综述为理解NK细胞代谢调控提供了概念框架，突出通过代谢调节推进NK细胞中心癌症免疫治疗的新方向。 28.Bioderived Cellulose Aerogel Fibers with Hierarchical Porosity for Millisecond Hydrovoltaic Sensing /具有层级孔隙度的生物纤维素气凝胶纤维用于毫秒水伏传感 双语摘要： Real-time moisture sensing is crucial for environmental monitoring and food safety. However, conventional humidity sensors relying on moisture-induced changes in conductivity or capacitance are often constrained by sluggish water adsorption–desorption kinetics and inefficient ion transport through disordered nanochannels. Here, we develop cellulose aerogel fibers derived from natural rattan, featuring hierarchical and interconnected porosity, to enable ultrafast hydrovoltaic moisture sensing. The tailored pore network expedites the diffusion of trace moisture and substantially amplifies the solid–liquid interfacial area within the fiber, thereby boosting the formation of electric double layers and enhancing water-ion coupling. Consequently, the self-powered sensor delivers a detectable voltage response within 70 ms upon exposure to only 10 μl of water microdroplets, achieving both rapid detection and high sensitivity. Moreover, the device exhibits versatile responsiveness to multiple environmental parameters, and its sensing behavior can be readily tuned by manipulating the fiber configuration (linear, helical, and branched). All 3 configurations achieve a fast response to approximately 0.1 V within 70 to 310 ms, followed by a voltage increase to 0.49 to 0.63 V within 3 to 5 s. This work highlights the critical role of porosity engineering in cellulose aerogel fibers and provides a new strategy for developing high-performance biomass-based hydrovoltaic sensing systems. 实时湿度感应对于环境监测和食品安全至关重要。然而，依赖水分引起的电导率或电容变化的传统湿度传感器，常常受限于水吸-脱附动力学迟缓以及通过无序纳米通道的低效离子传输。我们开发了源自天然藤条的纤维素气凝胶纤维，具有层级且相互连接的孔隙度，以实现超高速的水伏湿度感测。定制的孔隙网络加速了微量水分的扩散，并大幅放大纤维内的固液界面面积，从而促进电双层的形成并增强水离子耦合。因此，自供电传感器在仅暴露于10微升水滴时，即可在70毫秒内提供可检测的电压响应，实现快速检测和高灵敏度。此外，该装置对多种环境参数具有多样性响应能力，其感测行为可通过调整光纤配置（线性、螺旋和分支）轻松调节。这三种配置都能在70到310毫秒内快速响应到约0.1伏，随后电压在3到5秒内提升到0.49伏到0.63伏。这项工作凸显了孔隙度工程在纤维素气凝胶纤维中的关键作用，并为开发高性能生物质基础水伏传感系统提供了新策略。 29.AI-Enabled Flexible Sensing Skin for Next-Generation Aircraft: Toward Embodied Intelligence /AI驱动的柔性感测皮肤用于下一代飞机：迈向具身智能 双语摘要： Aircraft serve as the intelligent extension of human capabilities into 3-dimensional space. Next-generation aircraft will transcend the limitations of traditional fixed aerodynamic configurations, evolving into embodied intelligent agents capable of sensing their environment, making autonomous decisions, acting collaboratively, and self-evolving—ultimately achieving Fly-by-Feel. Flexible sensing skins, with their unique advantages (ultrathin, lightweight, large-area conformal attachment to the aircraft surface, and adaptive regulation), are emerging as the key enabling technologies. Multi-aerodynamic parameters are acquired through in situ sensing, and artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced decision-making is implemented via edge-deployed chips. Based on this sensing–algorithm collaborative bridge, closed-loop actuation is further realized to support functional implementation. This paper reviews the core composition of the “sensing–decision–regulation” closed-loop system, including aerodynamic disturbance-free in situ sensing and AI-enhanced super-resolution field perception, and demonstrates its applications in 3 key scenarios: anti-icing/deicing, electromagnetic stealth, and lift enhancement/drag reduction. Finally, it highlights the future prospects of programmable intelligent flexible skins, promoting the aircraft’s paradigm shift toward intelligence, efficiency, and safety. 飞机是人类能力在三维空间中的智能延伸。下一代飞机将超越传统固定气动配置的局限，进化为具备感知环境、自主决策、协作行动和自我进化的智能体——最终实现“凭感觉飞行”（Fly-by-Feel）。柔性感应蒙皮凭借其独特优势（超薄、轻量、大面积贴合飞机表面及自适应调节），正逐渐成为关键的推动技术。通过原位传感获取多空气动力学参数，并通过边缘部署芯片实现人工智能（AI）增强的决策。基于这一传感-算法协作桥，进一步实现了闭环驱动，以支持功能实现。本文回顾了“感测-决策-调节”闭环系统的核心组成，包括无扰动原位气动感测和人工智能增强的超分辨率场感知，并展示了其在三种关键场景中的应用：防冰/除冰、电磁隐身以及升力增强/减阻。最后，它强调了可编程智能柔性皮肤的未来前景，推动该飞机向智能、高效和安全的范式转变。 30.Biomedical Technologies for Androgenic Alopecia Treatment: Advance, Mechanism and Future Direction /雄激素性脱发治疗的生物医学技术：进展、机制与未来方向 双语摘要： The most common form of hair loss, androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is characterized by progressive follicular shrinkage. Current research efforts are focused on developing novel therapeutic techniques that exhibit better efficacy and safety profiles. In response to this challenge, biomedical technology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field and offered marked advantages in overcoming skin barriers, enabling controlled drug release, and modulating the perifollicular microenvironment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced biomedical technologies for AGA treatment. We first outline the pathogenesis and introduce some conventional therapies. We then delve into the advantages and practical applications of emerging biomedical technologies, including novel pharmacological formulations, nanotechnology, stem cell-based approaches, and microneedle platforms. Subsequently, our focus shifts to the analysis of current therapeutic strategies in addressing core pathogenic factors through the latest and representative case studies. The review concludes by highlighting major challenges and future directions of these biomedical technology-based approaches, aiming to provide insights for the rational design of next-generation AGA therapies. 最常见的脱发形式是雄激素性脱发（AGA），其特征是毛囊逐渐萎缩。当前的研究重点是开发具有更好疗效和安全性的新型治疗技术。针对这一挑战，生物医学技术作为一个多学科领域出现，并在克服皮肤屏障、实现可控药物释放以及调节毛囊周围微环境方面带来了显著优势。本综述全面概述了AGA治疗的先进生物医学技术。我们首先概述了发病机制，并介绍了一些常规疗法。随后，我们深入探讨了新兴生物医学技术的优势和实际应用，包括新型药理学配方、纳米技术、基于干细胞的方法和微针平台。随后，我们的关注点转向通过最新且具代表性的案例研究，分析当前治疗策略在应对核心致病因素方面的应用。综述最后强调了这些基于生物医学技术的方法面临的主要挑战和未来方向，旨在为下一代AGA疗法的合理设计提供见解。 31.Bi-Doped Pd Aerogels with Tensile-Strain-Induced Cascade Orbital Hybridization Boost H2O2 Selective Activation for Efficient Pesticide Distinction /双掺杂Pd气凝胶配合拉伸-应变诱导级联轨道杂交，增强H2O2选择性活化，实现高效农药区分 双语摘要： The selective activation of HO into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through the synergistic interplay between the nanozyme’s internal orbital interactions and external orbital coupling with intermediates presents an important scientific challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that PdBi aerogels with controllable tensile strain first enhance the Pd d orbital energy level through p–d orbital hybridization, and subsequently, the hybridized Pd d orbitals couple sequentially with the molecular orbitals of HO, forming a cascade of orbital hybridizations. High-performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis reveals that the engineered PdBi aerogels remarkably improve •OH selectivity from 73.3% to 95.4%, importantly boosting both the activation efficiency and selectivity. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the hybridization of the d orbitals of Pd and the p orbitals of Bi in PdBi aerogels initially raises the d-band energy level of the Pd atoms. During the activation of HO, the high-energy 4d and 4d orbitals of Pd further hybridize with the 2π* and 5σ orbitals of HO, thereby enhancing the orbital interaction with HO and creating optimal conditions for O–O bond cleavage and consequently enhancing the efficiency of •OH generation. Capitalizing on the differential reactivity patterns of various pesticides with PdBi aerogels, we develop a colorimetric sensor array for the discrimination and simultaneous detection of pesticide residues. Taking chlorpyrifos as an example, the detection limit is 0.23 μM, demonstrating good detection sensitivity. This work presents an orbital-level design strategy for creating highly selective nanozymes in HO activation systems. 通过纳米酶内部轨道相互作用与外部轨道耦合与中间体的协同作用，选择性激活HO转化为羟基自由基（•OH），这一过程带来了重要的科学挑战。本研究证明，具有可控拉伸应变的Pdbi气凝胶首先通过p–d轨道杂交提升Pd d轨道能级，随后杂交的Pd d轨道与HO的分子轨道依次耦合，形成轨道杂交的级联反应。高性能液相色谱定量分析显示，工程化的Pdbi气凝胶显著提升了•OH选择性，从73.3%提升至95%。4%，显著提升了激活效率和选择性。实验研究和理论计算表明，Pdbi气凝胶中D轨道和Bi的p轨道杂交，最初会提升Pd原子的d能级。在HO激活过程中，镰的高能4维和4维轨道进一步与HO的2π*和5σ轨道杂交，从而增强轨道与HO的相互作用，创造O–O键断裂的最佳条件，从而提高•OH生成的效率。利用多种农药与Pdbi气凝胶的差异反应模式，我们开发出一种比色传感器阵列，用于区分和同时检测农药残留物。以氯吡虫芦为例，检测限为0.23微米，显示出良好的检测灵敏度。本研究提出了一种轨道级设计策略，用于在HO激活系统中生成高度选择性的纳米酶。 32.Bioinspired Reversible Adhesive with High Strength for Wearable Electronics under Diverse Environments /高强度的生物仿生可逆胶，适用于多种环境下的可穿戴电子产品 双语摘要： Wearable electronics serve as critical tools for human health monitoring and equipment operation assessment. A fundamental prerequisite for their stable performance is the ability to attach flexibly and reliably to the surfaces of human bodies or equipment. However, existing adhesion methods for wearable devices face substantial challenges in simultaneously achieving high-strength reversible bonding and environmental adaptability across diverse conditions, hindering the practical applications in complex and variable environments. Here, inspired by the excellent adhesion behaviors of geckos and octopuses, we designed a dual bioinspired adhesive microstructure consisting of an annular stalk, a microdome, and an annular tip. The large-area precise formation of this complex 3-dimensional microstructure is achieved via simple imprinting and photolithography. The fabricated adhesive demonstrated reversible and superior normal adhesion in complex environments including vacuum (120 kPa), dry (201 kPa), moist (173 kPa), and underwater (165 kPa). In situ observations of the contact splitting reveal that its extraordinary performance derives from the unique crack reentry phenomenon across various environments, which effectively inhibits crack propagation and improves the adhesion forces. Simulations further clarify the causes of crack nucleation and the underlying adhesion mechanisms. Demonstrations of the adhesive in skin-attachable electronics across multiple environments highlight its potential for applications in wearable electronics operating under diverse and complex conditions, promoting rapid development of wearable flexible electronics. 可穿戴电子设备是人体健康监测和设备运行评估的关键工具。其稳定性能的基本前提是能够灵活且可靠地附着在人体或设备表面。然而，现有可穿戴设备的粘附方法在实现高强度可逆粘结和适应环境适应性方面面临巨大挑战，阻碍了在复杂多变环境中的实际应用。在这里，受壁虎和章鱼优异附着行为的启发，我们设计了一个双重仿生粘附微观结构，包括环形茎、微穹顶和环形尖端。这种复杂三维微观结构的大面积精确形成是通过简单的印刷和光刻实现的。该胶粘剂在复杂环境下表现出可逆且优异的正常附着力，包括真空（120 kPa）、干燥环境（201 kPa）、潮湿环境（173 kPa）和水下环境（165 kPa）。对接触分裂的现场观察显示，其卓越性能源于不同环境中独特的裂纹再入现象，有效抑制裂纹扩展并提升附着力。模拟进一步阐明了裂纹成核的原因及其潜在的粘附机制。该胶粘剂在多种环境中的皮肤粘附电子产品的演示，凸显了其在多样复杂条件下可穿戴电子设备的应用潜力，推动可穿戴柔性电子产品的快速发展。 您可通过扫描下方二维码或点击文末“阅读原文”以获取文献全文、译文、双语对译版pdf。 原文译文获取二维码： 扫描二维码获取全文、译文 关于我们 盈科新学术 | Research科学研究 扫码关注，了解更多内容！ 联系我们 北京盈科千信科技有限公司 北京市海淀区中关村南大街48号 电话：010-62112187 预览时标签不可点

荧光爱好者周刊本周图片本周图片：人眼表面（图片来源）一、环境与湿地水体荧光研究 收录湿地湖泊生源有机质、水环境重金属、新型环境污染物相关荧光光谱与传感研究，以三维荧光、平行因子、比率荧光、荧光定量 PCR 等技术为核心，一方面解析淹水湿地植物凋落物 CDOM 生物地球化学循环规律，另一方面开发水体锰、铬、化疗药物、全氟污染物等目标物荧光检测体系，兼顾自然生态过程基础解析与水质安全快速监测应用。【ALL EARTH】 The spectral characterization on chromophoric dissolved organic matter released from wetland plant litter in Poyang Lake under inundation 摘要：枯落物淋溶产生的有色溶解有机质（CDOM） 在湿地生物地球化学循环中发挥关键作用，但大型湖泊湿地植物枯落物淹水条件下 CDOM 的释放规律与驱动机制尚不明确。本研究选取鄱阳湖湿地 3 种优势植物（灰化苔草、南荻、芦苇）枯落物为研究对象，结合模拟淹水实验、三维荧光光谱与平行因子分析（PARAFAC） 技术，探究枯落物源 CDOM 的淋溶动态与组分演变规律。结果表明：CDOM 浓度与腐殖化程度随淹水时长持续升高，前 10 天是 CDOM 与溶解性有机碳（DOC）快速释放阶段；不同植物种类、器官的 CDOM 含量与组分存在显著差异，叶片枯落物释放的 DOC、CDOM 与荧光强度均高于茎秆；25 天淹水周期内芦苇叶片来源 CDOM 降解程度最低。PARAFAC 模型解析出 3 类类腐殖质荧光组分与 2 类类蛋白荧光组分：高芳香度、高分子量的类腐殖质组分 C1 降解能力最弱；淹水初期以类蛋白物质为主，随淹水时间延长类腐殖质物质逐步占据主导。该研究完善了洪泛湖泊湿地枯落物源 CDOM 动态变化规律，加深了对湿地生物地球化学过程的认知。 关键词：Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM); spectral characteristics; Poyang Lake; wetland plants litter; inundation 参考文献：All Earth, 2026，38，https://doi.org/10.1080/27669645.2026.2692779【JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE】 A Multifunctional Luminescent Tb-MOF for Selective Fluorometric Detection of Cr(VI) 摘要：金属有机框架（MOFs）凭借结构可调、灵敏度高、响应迅速等优势，成为化学传感领域极具潜力的发光材料。本研究以 3,4 - 吡啶二甲酸、1,10 - 邻菲啰啉为有机配体，通过溶剂热法制备铽基金属有机框架（Tb-MOF），利用 X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜能谱（SEM-EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）完成材料结构与形貌表征，并借助紫外激发荧光光谱探究其光致发光性能。评估材料对金属离子、常见阴离子、典型激素分子的传感性能后发现：材料在 544 nm 处呈现强烈绿色荧光，六价铬 Cr (VI) 会显著猝灭 Tb-MOF 荧光，其余受试金属离子、阴离子几乎无荧光强度变化；定量分析得到 Cr (VI) 的 Stern-Volmer 猝灭常数 Ksv=3.37×10³ M⁻¹，检出限 5.18 mg・L⁻¹。此外，在受试激素分子中，该材料可选择性猝灭孕酮（P4）与雌二醇（E2）荧光，实现纳摩尔级检测。结果证实合成的 Tb-MOF 是可选择性检测六价铬离子与类固醇激素的发光荧光传感器，在环境监测、生化传感领域具备应用潜力。 关键词：Luminescent metal-organic framework; Fluorescence sensing; Cr(VI) detection; Steroid hormone sensing 参考文献：J. Fluoresc., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-026-04857-7【SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL】 A probability-based unified Model of FRET and NSET for highly sensitive cisplatin detection using DNA-functionalized Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles 摘要：顺铂是临床广泛应用于实体瘤化疗的药物，但药物毒性与个体代谢差异显著，亟需灵活的体内外监测手段。目前临床定量顺铂主要依靠电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS），该方法样品前处理复杂、仪器成本高昂，无法满足床旁快速检测需求。本研究构建DNA 修饰金银合金纳米颗粒 - 石墨烯量子点传感平台，通过调控金银合金纳米颗粒金银比例，优化等离子体 - 荧光团光谱重叠效率，大幅提升荧光猝灭效果，实现顺铂高灵敏检测，检出限低至 0.85 nM。纯水体系加标回收率 100.62±2.48%，血清样本回收率 100.55±4.20%；临床血清样本检测结果与 ICP-MS 检测比值 98.50±3.34%，具备临床应用潜力。通过荧光猝灭机理分析，本研究建立融合福斯特共振能量转移（FRET）与纳米表面能量转移（NSET）距离尺度特征的概率统一猝灭模型，阐释等离子体 - 荧光团相互作用机制，为荧光传感体系理性设计提供理论依据。该平台为顺铂血药浓度监测提供全新方案，初步验证治疗药物实时监控的可行性。 关键词：Cisplatin detection; Fluorescence; Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles; Energy transfer mechanisms 参考文献：Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 2026，467，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.140361【ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL】 Differential effects of legacy and new-generation perfluoro-alkyl substances on in vitro differentiation and immunoglobulins production by B cells 摘要：全氟烷基物质（PFAS）属于持久性环境污染物，已有研究证实其会损伤机体抗体应答功能。传统全氟辛酸（PFOA）相关研究较为充分，但新型替代物 C6O4 的生物毒性尚不明确。本研究选取健康人外周血单核细胞与纯化 B 淋巴细胞，分别暴露于 20–100 ng/mL 梯度浓度 PFOA、C6O4，探究两类物质对人 B 细胞分化、活化、免疫球蛋白分泌的差异化影响。结果显示：两种污染物均不影响 T 细胞依赖型干扰素 γ 释放与 CD40L 表达，但PFOA 会剂量依赖性降低 CD69 平均荧光强度，IL-4 分泌量较对照组减半；100 ng/mL PFOA 可使 B 细胞增殖率下降约 30%，CD69⁺、CD83⁺成熟 B 细胞数量降低 25%–40%，细胞亚群结构改变，初始 B 细胞占比上升 20%、边缘区记忆 B 细胞减少 15%。长期 B 细胞培养实验中，PFOA 处理组细胞簇形成延迟、面积减半，IgG 分泌全程抑制 30%–45%；C6O4 仅在培养第 3–6 天使 IgG 释放量降低 20%。机制分析表明，PFOA 一方面通过抑制 T 细胞依赖型 IL-4 分泌损伤免疫功能，另一方面直接干扰 B 细胞成熟与抗体分泌，免疫抑制作用更强；C6O4 毒性相对温和。研究结果证实不同 PFAS 需开展差异化风险评估，为环境污染物持续监测提供理论支撑。 关键词：PBMC; Elispot; Apoptosis; Cyclosporine A; Phytohemagglutinin 参考文献：Environ. Int., 2026，214，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2026.110357【JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE】 Host-guest engineered E-4-(((4-nitrophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol based on a Schiff base-cyclodextrin inclusion complex as a fluorescent turn-off Mn2+sensor 摘要：全球水资源重金属污染问题日益严峻，锰离子是水环境重点监测污染物之一，席夫碱衍生物对金属离子具备高亲和性，是荧光传感器的理想材料。本研究合成席夫碱探针 E-4-(((4 - 硝基苯基) 亚胺) 甲基) 苯酚（PHBN），在甲醇 - 水（9:1，v/v）体系中可通过光诱导电子转移（PET）与分子内电荷转移（ICT）双重机制实现 Mn²⁺特异性荧光猝灭，检出限低至 49.8 nM；Benesi-Hildebrand 方程验证探针与 Mn²⁺结合比例 1:1，结合常数 1.5×10⁹ M⁻¹。但纯 PHBN 水溶性较差，限制水环境应用，因此将 PHBN 包封于 β- 环糊精疏水空腔制备主客体包合物，¹H-NMR、二维 ROESY 核磁、ESI 质谱证实包合成功。DPPH 抗氧化实验显示PHBN/β- 环糊精复合物抗氧化性能显著提升，同时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌具备强效抑菌活性。该环糊精修饰席夫碱探针同步解决水溶性、生物活性短板，可用于水体 Mn²⁺荧光检测与抗菌、抗氧化领域。 关键词：Schiff-based derivative; Fluorescence quenching; Photoinduced electron transfer; beta-cyclodextrin complex; Antioxidant activity; Antibacterial activity 参考文献：J. Mol. Struct., 2026，1374，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2026.146816二、碳点 / 量子点荧光纳米材料与传感技术 围绕碳量子点、钙钛矿量子点、金属复合纳米荧光材料展开，涵盖生物质碳点、MOF 复合碳点、合金量子点、磷光碳点等多种纳米发光体系。研究聚焦材料合成改性、光物理性质调控、类酶催化特性开发，搭建比率荧光、纸基便携、电化学联用、手机可视化多类传感平台，应用覆盖食品毒素、环境亚硝酸盐、临床肿瘤标志物、降糖药物同步检测、指纹成像、农业照明等多元场景，兼顾材料基础改性与现场快速检测工程化落地。【APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY】 Blue Carbon Dots Modified Cu-MOF: Excellent Peroxidase-Like Activity and Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing to L-Cys 摘要：本研究以柠檬酸、尿素为前驱体，水热法制备蓝色碳点（B-CDs），再通过原位一步法合成碳点 / 金属有机框架复合纳米材料 B-CDs@Cu-MOF。表征证实蓝色碳点成功嵌入 Cu-MOF 孔道与表面，材料八面体晶体结构无明显改变，仅比表面积小幅下降；碳点自身还原性使合成过程中部分二价铜被还原，材料内部同时存在 Cu (II) 与 Cu (I)。以过氧化氢催化邻苯二胺（OPD）氧化体系为模型，系统探究 B-CDs@Cu-MOF 的类过氧化物酶（POD）催化活性，相较纯 Cu-MOF 与已报道铜基纳米酶，复合材料催化性能显著提升，测定米氏常数 Km、最大初速度 Vmax 等催化动力学参数。复合材料在 450 nm 处发射碳点特征荧光，结合 OPD 氧化产物 2,3 - 二氨基苯酚（DAP）564 nm 荧光，构建比率荧光传感平台用于半胱氨酸（L-Cys）检测：体系中 L-Cys 可竞争性消耗活性氧、抑制 DAP 生成，以此实现定量分析，线性检测区间 10–100 μmol・L⁻¹，检出限 1.77 μmol・L⁻¹。该研究融合 Cu-MOF 类酶催化与碳点荧光优势，为目标分子高灵敏比率荧光检测提供高性能传感载体。 关键词：B-CDs modification; Cu-MOF nanozyme; POD-like catalysis; Ratiometric fluorescence sensing 参考文献：Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05815-6【ENGINEERING REPORTS】 Intelligent Tetracycline Sensing With Carbon Quantum Dots: From Photophysical Engineering to Machine Learning-Enhanced Detection 摘要：四环素类抗生素在环境、食品中广泛残留，亟需快速、高选择性、可现场部署的分析检测手段。碳量子点（CQDs）作为荧光纳米材料在四环素传感领域潜力巨大，但实验室原型难以转化为智能化实际检测平台，仍存在诸多挑战。本文综述从碳量子点光物理调控到数据驱动智能检测技术的完整发展脉络：首先分析表面功能化、杂原子掺杂、带隙调控等改性策略对碳量子点光学性能、目标物识别机制的调控规律；重点阐述氢键、静电吸附、金属离子配位、分子印迹等提升检测选择性的相互作用，以及光诱导电子转移、内滤效应等荧光响应通路，实现四环素与共存干扰物区分。现有碳量子点传感体系检出限跨度 0.28 nM–0.158 μM，线性范围覆盖纳摩尔至 500 μM 区间，性能差异由传感器结构、信号转换机制、样品基质决定。近年人工神经网络、支持向量机、主成分分析等机器学习算法与荧光传感结合，显著提升体系抗干扰能力、多组分分类识别能力。文章进一步评估手机集成设备、纸基传感器等便携化平台，阐述微型化与智能算法协同优势；同时批判性分析量产重复性、法规验证、校准迁移、算法泛化等产业化转化壁垒。本文为下一代智能荧光传感系统提供完整技术路线，打通纳米材料基础研究、化学计量学验证、人工智能算法与环境监测、食品安全现场检测的应用壁垒。 关键词：carbon quantum dots; fluorescent sensing; machine learning; photophysical engineering; portable analytical platforms; tetracycline detection 参考文献：Eng. Rep., 2026，8，https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70933【JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS】 Spectrally Tailored CsPbClBr2@poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] Nanohybrid Films 摘要：采用低成本旋涂工艺，将 0.5–20 wt% 梯度浓度 CsPbClBr₂钙钛矿量子点（PQDs）掺杂至聚 [2 - 甲氧基 - 5-(3',7'- 二甲基辛氧基)-1,4 - 苯撑乙烯]（MDMO-PPV）聚合物基质，制备红光发射纳米复合薄膜。通过傅里叶红外、紫外 - 可见吸收、稳态荧光光谱完成薄膜全面表征，证实钙钛矿量子点掺杂可同步优化三项核心性能：高效福斯特共振能量转移（FRET）、非线性光学（NLO）响应提升、80 ℃高温下热稳定性增强。10 wt% 掺杂比例薄膜综合光物理性能最优，具备可调谐深红色荧光、最高荧光量子产率，色坐标 CIE (x=0.66,y=0.32)，光学带隙降低至 2.2 eV，器件能耗更低。基于 CsPbClBr₂@MDMO-PPV 复合薄膜制备肖特基有机发光二极管（OLED），电流密度 - 电压（J-V）特性相较纯 MDMO-PPV 器件大幅提升。该热稳定红光 OLED 器件可在干旱、半干旱地区长期稳定运行，依托节能可控农业照明技术助力联合国可持续发展目标 7、12、13。 关键词：CsPbX quantum dots; MDMO-PPV; Nanohybrids; Red OLEDs; FRET; Sustainable agriculture lighting 参考文献：J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-026-04228-6【OPTICAL MATERIALS】 Visible and ultraviolet light excitable room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dot-based materials for background-free latent fingerprint visualization 摘要：复杂基底上潜指纹可视化普遍受基底图案、背景荧光干扰，室温磷光碳点（RTP-CDs） 凭借长寿命发光特性，可彻底消除背景干扰，但现有磷光碳点指纹显影试剂仅支持单一紫外光源激发，操作灵活性差，复杂基底抗干扰能力不足；可见光激发磷光指纹粉末操作更安全便捷，却需要繁琐多步制备流程。本研究一步煅烧原位合成氧化铝负载碳点复合材料 CDs@Al₂O₃，可在可见光、紫外光双模式激发下产生室温磷光：365 nm 紫外激发后肉眼可见磷光持续 12 s，可见光激发后磷光维持 6 s。将该复合材料用于多种复杂基底潜指纹成像，可灵活切换激发光源消除基底背景干扰，大幅提升指纹图像对比度与细节分辨率。该合成方案简化制备流程，同时拓宽复杂场景潜指纹显影的适用范围，为无背景干扰指纹可视化提供简便通用的全新技术路径。 关键词：Room-temperature phosphorescence; Carbon dots; Visible light excitation; Latent fingerprints 参考文献：Opt. Mater., 2026，178，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2026.118276【TALANTA OPEN】 Plasma-treated paper device for instrument-free decentralized fluorescence metalloimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen 摘要：本研究首先利用互补光学表面表征技术，分析氧气等离子体处理对纤维素表面化学性质的改变；随后以等离子体改性滤纸为功能基底，构建简易纸基金属荧光免疫传感体系，用于癌胚抗原（CEA）检测。实验室自制硫化镉（CdS）量子点直接偶联抗 CEA 报告抗体，作为荧光标记物实现低设备需求可视化检测。等离子体处理充分暴露纤维素纤维，显著提升免疫传感检测灵敏度；该方法对 CEA 检出限 0.09 ng・mL⁻¹，远低于临床 5 ng・mL⁻¹ 诊断临界值。血清样本加标回收率 103%–120%，相对标准偏差 6.2%–12.4%。该纸基荧光金属免疫分析设备便携、无需大型仪器，适合资源匮乏地区现场即时检测。 关键词：Quantum dots; Metalloimmunoassay; Fluorescence; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Plasma; Paper-based 参考文献：Talanta Open, 2026，14，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2026.100668【BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY】 N-doping and large conjugated sp2 domain-driven green fluorescence and oxidase-like activity in cellulose-derived carbon dots 摘要：以纤维素为生物质原料，间苯二胺为掺杂剂，向碳核引入氮原子与大共轭 sp² 结构，制备纤维素基绿色荧光碳点（GCDs），实现发射波长红移至 515.4 nm 绿光区域。该碳点在可见光激发下可产生超氧阴离子自由基，催化 3,3',5,5'- 四甲基联苯胺氧化显色，类氧化酶催化动力学性能优异，最大反应速率 Vmax=21.10×10⁻⁵ mM・s⁻¹，优于多数已报道碳点纳米酶。基于碳点荧光与类酶显色双重信号，构建亚硝酸盐比率荧光 - 比色双模传感体系：线性检测区间 2–350 μM，荧光模式检出限 0.46 μM，比色模式检出限 1.80 μM。将 GCDs 固定于滤纸上，搭建智能手机辅助纸基可视化检测平台，实现日常生活中亚硝酸盐现场实时分析。本研究提供生物质基长波长荧光、类酶活性碳点的可控改性策略，同时为亚硝酸盐快速监测提供实用高效的分析工具。 关键词：Cellulose-derived carbon dots; Long-wavelength fluorescence; Oxidase-like activity; Dual-mode sensing for nitrite 参考文献：Bioresour. Technol., 2026，459，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135211【MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL】 Simultaneous voltammetric determination of metformin and empagliflozin using cadmium oxide nanoparticles and natural carbon quantum dots 摘要：针对药物、环境复杂基质中二甲双胍与恩格列净同步检测难题，本研究开发绿色可持续电化学传感方案：以天然红叶苋叶片为原料，微波溶剂热绿色合成碳量子点，将氧化镉纳米颗粒与天然碳量子点复合修饰碳糊电极。碳量子点表面丰富官能团加速电子转移，与氧化镉产生协同电催化效应，大幅提升检测灵敏度与选择性。借助透射电镜、红外、X 射线光电子能谱、XRD、荧光光谱完成碳量子点结构光学表征；通过扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜、阻抗谱完成复合电极界面形貌、电荷传递性能分析。在 pH=10.00 布列顿 - 罗宾逊缓冲液中采用差分脉冲伏安法，两种药物氧化峰完全分离，线性区间宽：二甲双胍 5.000–100.0 μM，恩格列净 0.5000–10.00 μM，线性相关系数分别达 0.9998、0.9995。检测限二甲双胍 0.8400 μM、恩格列净 0.03000 μM，定量限分别为 2.550 μM、0.09000 μM。方法严格遵循 ICH 分析指南验证，可在复杂药物、环境基质中同步定量两种降糖药，准确度、精密度、稳定性优异，是绿色化学领域可靠的监测平台。 关键词：Simultaneous voltammetry; Cadmium oxide/natural carbon quantum dot; nanocomposite electrode; Metformin and empagliflozin; Electrochemical sensor; Green analytical chemistry 参考文献：Microchem J., 2026，227，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.118791三、生物医学荧光探针、成像与临床检测 涵盖单细胞荧光、术中荧光导航、基因荧光标记、纸基免疫荧光、活体靶向探针、病理多模态荧光融合、兽医荧光筛查、精神疾病荧光标志物等生物医学全链条荧光技术。研究面向肿瘤、生殖免疫、血液病、寄生虫、病毒、眼科、内分泌、动物代谢等各类疾病，利用荧光定量 PCR、流式分选、共聚焦荧光、光片显微、自体荧光等手段，实现致病机制可视化、病灶术中区分、疾病早期无创筛查、药物高通量筛选，覆盖基础医学机制研究到临床、兽医现场诊断全应用场景。【PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA】 Antimicrobial peptoids pass rapidly through bacterial membranes and flocculate ribosomes and DNA 摘要：仿宿主防御肽类肽寡聚体具备强效广谱抗细菌、真菌、寄生虫、病毒活性，且细胞毒性极低。以往固定细胞实验证实，这类肽寡聚体可穿透细菌细胞膜，通过胞内大分子聚集快速杀灭细菌，但仿生肽寡聚体动态作用机制尚不清晰。本研究采用单细胞时间分辨荧光显微成像、单颗粒追踪技术，探究 12 聚肽寡聚体 TM1 及其短链烷基化、溴化衍生物对大肠杆菌细胞膜通透性、DNA 与核糖体刚性的影响。结果显示：TM1 及其衍生物接触菌体 5 分钟内即可穿透细胞膜，速度快于人体核心抗菌肽 LL-37；同时可与 LL-37 同等效率固化 DNA 与核糖体。精细生物物理结构、动态实验证实，TM1 结合双链、单链 DNA 与单链 RNA 的模式与强核酸结合肽 LL-37 高度相似；且 TM1 对 RNA 结合亲和力高于 DNA，提示体内会优先靶向细菌核糖体。上述结果支撑假说：TM1 及其衍生物通过诱导核糖体、RNA、DNA 等胞内生物大分子聚集发挥抗菌作用。本研究阐明抗菌肽寡聚体动态作用通路，且该类物质可抵抗蛋白酶降解，为新型仿生抗感染药物开发提供理论依据。 关键词：antimicrobial peptoid; LL-37; antimicrobial peptide; cathelicidin; antibiotic 参考文献：Proc. Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2026, 123, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2535920123【ANALYST】 Sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 using a dual-mode fluorescent aptasensor based on cascade signal amplification 摘要：黄曲霉毒素 B1 是强致癌霉菌毒素，广泛存在谷物与食品中，高灵敏检测对公共卫生至关重要。本研究整合熵驱动链置换、滚环扩增、DNA 酶三重级联信号放大，构建双模荧光适配传感平台检测 AFB1。体系中 AFB1 与适配体竞争性结合释放反义链，将毒素信号转化为核酸信号；游离反义链触发级联反应产生两类荧光信号通道：G - 四链体 - 硫黄素 T 荧光通道检出限 2.9 pmol・L⁻¹，DNA 酶荧光通道检出限 28.2 nmol・L⁻¹。样品加标回收率 92.96%–108.91%，重复性良好；核酸序列可灵活改造适配多种目标小分子。该多级放大荧光传感体系实现食品中黄曲霉毒素超精准检测。 关键词：无 参考文献：Analyst, 2026，https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00405a【JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS】 Novel HPLC-laser-stimulated fluorescence profiling of seminal plasma amino acids linked to ejaculate quality 摘要：氨基酸是反映精子功能的关键生物标志物，但精浆氨基酸与不育的关联尚不明确。本研究首次联用高效液相色谱 - 激光激发荧光系统，测定 30 份正常、51 份异常精液样本精浆 18 种氨基酸荧光图谱。结果显示除天冬氨酸外，异常组所有氨基酸荧光强度显著降低；主成分、偏最小二乘判别可清晰区分两类样本，代谢通路存在明显分化。精浆氨基酸荧光丰度可作为男性不育无创生物标志物，该 HPLC-LSF 检测平台为生殖疾病筛查提供新工具。 关键词：Amino acid; Biomarker; Male infertility; Seminal plasma; Spermatozoa 参考文献：J. Assist. Reprod. Genet., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-026-03944-9【PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY】 Characteristics of Splenic CD8αβ plus γδT Cells in Plasmodium yoelii Infection 摘要：γδT 是关键固有免疫细胞，但 CD8αβ⁺γδT 亚群抗疟功能未知。本研究构建小鼠约氏疟原虫感染模型，在虫血症峰值取脾脏，通过荧光激活细胞分选（FACS） 检测免疫细胞表型，结合单细胞 RNA 测序对比细胞转录组。结果证实疟原虫感染后 CD8αβ⁺γδT 大量增殖，高表达活化分子，偏向分泌 IFN-γ 的效应表型，DNA 复制修复相关基因上调，耗竭标志物低表达。该细胞亚群在宿主抵抗疟原虫感染过程中发挥重要防御作用，荧光流式分型为疟疾免疫机制研究提供定量手段。 关键词：gamma delta T cells; CD8 alpha alpha; CD8 alpha beta; malaria; plasmodium 参考文献：Parasite Immunol., 2026，48，https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.70091【PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES REPORTS】 Carbonyl stress markers are associated with binge-eating/purging behavior of anorexia nervosa 摘要：神经性厌食分为限制型与暴食催吐型，亟需客观荧光标志物区分两类亚型。本研究采用指尖自体荧光定量检测晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs，羰基应激标志物），纳入 26 名厌食患者、27 名健康对照。结果显示暴食催吐型患者指尖 AGE 荧光强度显著高于限制型；呕吐、暴食频率与荧光数值显著正相关，呕吐行为是 AGE 累积升高核心诱因。指尖自体荧光检测可无创识别暴食催吐行为，为精神进食障碍分型、精准干预提供客观荧光检测指标。 关键词：Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs); ageing; anorexia nervosa; carbonyl stress; purging 参考文献：Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. Rep, 2026，5，https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70355【EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL】 Prevalence of insulin dysregulation in a sport horse population as determined by traditional and stall-side testing 摘要：运动马胰岛素失调发病率缺乏统计，实验室荧光酶免疫法（FEIA）是检测金标准，现场侧向荧光层析试纸（LFA）便于农场快速筛查。本研究对 180 匹运动马开展口服糖刺激试验，分别采用两种荧光检测手段测定胰岛素。22.8% 马匹确诊胰岛素失调，空腹检测漏诊率高；两种荧光检测结果相关性良好，试纸 ROC 曲线 AUC 达 0.95，可满足现场快速筛查需求。荧光免疫技术为马匹代谢内分泌疾病大规模流行病学调查提供便捷方案。 关键词：endocrine; equine metabolic syndrome; horse; hyperinsulinemia; lateral flow assay 参考文献：Equine Vet. J., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1002/evj.70204【JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY】 Drug Screening of Nitroreductase Modulators Usingan Atomic-Engineered Activatable Fluorescent Probe 摘要：硝基还原酶是实体瘤缺氧特征标志物，本研究基于原子杂原子取代分子工程设计近红外激活型荧光探针 HCy-NS-4，激活后荧光提升 18 倍以上，可实现体外、活体肿瘤荧光成像。将该探针作为高通量筛选工具，筛选得到木犀草素为新型硝基还原酶抑制剂，体内具备抗肿瘤活性。本研究打通原子级荧光探针设计 - 肿瘤活体荧光成像 - 靶向药物荧光筛选完整研究链条，为抗肿瘤先导化合物挖掘提供高效荧光筛选平台。 关键词：Analytical apparatus; Fluorescence; Fluorescence imaging; Probes; Tumors 参考文献：J. Med. Chem., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01078【JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS】 Exploring the Role of the Zeis Gland in Demodex Blepharitis 摘要：蠕形螨睑缘炎常伴随干眼症，蔡氏腺分泌物对泪膜的贡献尚不明确。本研究使用荧光素标记模拟蔡氏腺分泌物，荧光成像追踪泪膜内荧光染料分布。结果显示大部分受试者泪膜可检出荧光信号，证实蔡氏腺分泌物参与泪膜脂质层构建；螨虫感染后腺体分泌异常，脂质供给不足诱发干眼。荧光示踪技术为眼表腺体生理、干眼发病机制研究提供直观观测手段。 关键词：Demodex blepharitis; dry eye disease; eyelids; glands of Zeis; sebum; tears 参考文献：J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1177/10807683261466536【MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL】 A novel fluorescence sensor for monitoring GSH levels in immune premature ovarian failure mice model 摘要：谷胱甘肽（GSH）是卵巢氧化损伤关键标志物，免疫性卵巢早衰（IPOF）缺乏早期诊断手段。本研究设计半花菁特异性荧光探针 HD-GSH，与 GSH 结合后荧光信号显著放大，检出限低至 0.1 μM。IP 模型小鼠卵巢荧光强度显著高于健康对照组，组织病理染色同步验证卵巢损伤。该荧光探针可活体纵向追踪 GSH 动态变化，为女性生殖免疫疾病无创早期荧光诊断提供新试剂。 关键词：Immune premature ovarian failure; GSH; Fluorescence probe; Clinical diagnosis 参考文献：Microchem J., 2026，227，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.118818【NANOSCALE】 Exploring gefitinib to enhance endocytosis of antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers targeting EGFR 摘要：吉非替尼可诱导胶质母细胞瘤细胞 EGFR 大量内吞。本研究借助定量荧光生物成像观测荧光标记 EGFR 抗体、适配体细胞摄取效率，证实吉非替尼联用可显著提升靶向偶联药物（ADC、适配体 - siRNA）胞内递送效率，体外抗肿瘤效果增强，为脑肿瘤靶向荧光递送联合治疗提供新思路。 关键词：无 参考文献：Nanoscale, 2026，https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr00420b【NANOSCALE】 Bio-conjugated ultrabright fluorescent nanoparticles for targeted cancer-cell imaging 摘要：本研究构建可独立调控尺寸与发光强度的超高亮度纤维素基荧光纳米颗粒，可控偶联叶酸实现乳腺癌细胞靶向荧光成像。颗粒单颗粒荧光当量高、生物相容性好、可规模化制备，是肿瘤细胞高对比度荧光成像优质纳米探针。 关键词：无 参考文献：Nanoscale, 2026，https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr01287f【SCIENTIFIC REPORTS】 Registration-based 3D Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy and 2D histology image fusion tool 摘要：传统病理切片仅提供二维信息，光片荧光显微（LSFM）可获取完整三维组织空间结构，但两类图像精准配准难度大。本研究开发全自动多模态荧光图像融合工具 LitSHi，无需人工标记基准点，自动完成三维荧光容积与二维组织切片高精度对齐，大幅提升数字病理荧光图像分析效率，助力 AI 辅助病理诊断。 关键词：Image registration; Multimodal fusion; Histology; LSFM imaging; Pathology 参考文献：Sci Rep, 2026，16，https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-57893-5【BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS】 Rapid screening approaches to identify and confirm lysosomotropic agents 摘要：弱碱性药物溶酶体截留会诱发磷脂沉积副作用，现有评价方法效率低。本研究搭建标准化荧光高通量筛选平台，定量测定化合物溶酶体截留 IC50，区分 ECCS 分类下不同药物的溶酶体亲和特性，联合计算机预测模型，为临床前药物胞内蓄积毒性快速荧光评估提供成套方法。 关键词：Lysosomal trapping; ECCS; In-silico lysosomotropism prediction; Drug-induced phospholipidosis 参考文献：Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2026，829，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154185【BRAIN AND SPINE】 Continuous white-light/indocyanine green overlay endoscopy in pituitary adenoma surgery 摘要：常规垂体瘤内镜手术难以区分肿瘤与正常垂体组织，一代吲哚菁绿荧光内镜需要频繁切换成像模式。本前瞻性研究采用二代白光 / 近红外荧光实时叠加内镜，对 130 名患者术中全程荧光示踪。全部手术无设备故障、无染料不良反应，77% 患者实现肿瘤完整切除；实时荧光可清晰区分病灶与正常腺体，术中荧光导航安全可行，改善手术切除效果。 关键词：Pituitary adenoma; Endoscopic surgery; Fluorescence guided surgery; Indocyanine green; Intraoperative fluorescence 参考文献：Brain Spine, 2026，6，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2026.106144【SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS】 Fluorescent Zn(ii) coordination complexes as advanced bioimaging probes 摘要：CT、MRI 等临床成像存在电离辐射或高成本缺陷，荧光成像无创、低成本、灵敏度高。本文综述单核、双核锌金属配位荧光探针，系统总结其对磷酸盐、氨基酸、硫化物、一氧化氮等小分子生物标志物的识别机理，为新型疾病早期荧光诊断探针分子设计提供理论框架。 关键词：无 参考文献：Sens. Diagn., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1039/d6sd00010j【JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY】 Calcium Buffering in Astrocytes and Its Relevance for Experimental Data Interpretation 摘要：星形胶质细胞钙信号决定脑生理功能，胞内钙结合蛋白、荧光钙指示剂、基因编码钙探针均会改变钙荧光信号波形。本文系统梳理各类钙缓冲物质对荧光成像结果的干扰，提出结合生物物理参数的计算建模方法，分离缓冲干扰，精准解析星形胶质细胞钙动态荧光信号，为神经荧光实验数据标准化解读提供思路。 关键词：astrocytes; buffering; calcium; computational modeling 参考文献：J. Neurochem., 2026，170，https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.70470【VIROLOGY JOURNAL】 Genetic insights into dabie bandavirus from a clinical case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome 摘要：发热伴血小板减少综合征由大别班达病毒引发，本研究对浙江本地病例样本采用实时荧光定量 PCR开展病毒核酸筛查、全基因组测序进化分析。仅患者血清荧光 PCR 阳性，毒株与本地流行株同源性极高，荧光定量核酸检测是 SFTS 快速确诊核心实验室手段，为蜱传病毒流行病学监测提供荧光检测方案。 关键词：Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome; Dabie Bandavirus; Genetic characterization; Complete genome sequence 参考文献：Virol. J., 2026，23，https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03191-5【EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE】 Cold agglutination as a pivotal diagnostic clue for Waldenström macroglobulinemia 摘要：华氏巨球蛋白血症早期诊断困难，患者存在特征冷凝集现象。本病例依靠冷凝集荧光筛查、骨髓流式荧光分型、MYD88 突变荧光定量 PCR、荧光原位杂交完成确诊。荧光免疫分型与基因突变荧光检测联合是该病精准诊断核心手段，早期血浆置换联合化疗可借助荧光指标监测疗效。 关键词：Waldenström macroglobulinemia; cold agglutination; hyperglobulinemia; MYD88 L265P mutation; therapeutic plasma exchange; chemotherapy 参考文献：Exp. Ther. Med., 2026，32，https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13212四、光学、激光与超快荧光物理技术 以激光诱导荧光（LIF）、光片荧光、超快脉冲荧光、X 射线荧光、光电联用荧光为核心表征技术，覆盖超快光纤激光器件、分层流体流场测量、超音速喷雾雾化、核谱堆积校正、神经递质光电荧光、节肢动物生物荧光六大方向。侧重荧光光学物理现象、仪器算法、流体光学耦合、光 - 电化学干扰机制等基础物理研究，搭建新型荧光测量装置与数据校正算法，拓展荧光技术在航空动力、流体力学、核检测、生物光学领域的仪器应用边界。【JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY】 Visible Femtosecond Soliton Molecules in a Mode-Locked Pr3+-Doped Fiber Laser 摘要：红外波段孤子分子研究成熟，但可见光超快孤子分子实现难度极大。本研究搭建锁模掺镨可见光光纤激光器，717.5 nm 输出 164 fs 稳定单脉冲；提升泵浦功率可生成 2–7 束束缚脉冲构成孤子分子，观测到 3.9 ps 间隔多层级孤子团簇。该可见光飞秒荧光光源可用于水下荧光通信、生物多光子荧光成像、精密分子光谱检测，开辟可见光超快荧光器件新方向。 关键词：Fiber lasers; Textile fibers; Lasers; Technology; Polarization; Pumps; Photonics; Dispersion; Gratings; Energy; Fiber laser; mode locking; soliton molecule; visible laser 参考文献：J. Lightwave Technol., 2026，44，https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3693635【EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS】 Variable time step based PTV-LIF measurements of stratified jet transitions 摘要：分层浮力流下潜流、内水跃、重力羽流转捩规律缺乏精准定量手段。本研究提出变时间步长粒子追踪测速 - 激光诱导荧光（VTS-PTV-LIF） 联用方法，消除传统固定步长量化误差，搭配折射率匹配剂消除光学畸变，单台高速相机同步采集流场速度与荧光密度场。完整观测不同水深下分层流完整转捩序列，完善浮力流荧光流态图谱，为海底排污、河流羽流流体荧光观测提供高精度测试方案。 关键词：无 参考文献：Exp. Fluids, 2026，67，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-026-04250-x【IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT】 Semi-Supervised Energy Spectrum Estimation in High Count-Rate Nuclear Spectrometry 摘要：高计数率 X 射线荧光（XRF）核谱存在脉冲堆积失真，现有深度学习模型仅依赖模拟数据，实测泛化差。本研究构建半监督学习框架，以低计数实测荧光谱生成高计数堆积信号伪标签，叠加物理光谱约束、分段平衡损失函数，以上海同步辐射 X 荧光实测数据验证，能谱重建、计数率估算精度超越传统算法，为同步辐射荧光无损检测提供数据校正新算法。 关键词：Modeling; Labeling; Training; Energy; Timing; Optical character recognition; Detectors; Estimation; Spectroscopy; Measurement; Deep learning; nuclear spectroscopy; pile up; semi-supervised learning (SSL); signal processing 参考文献：IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2026，75，https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2026.3706156【ANALYTICAL METHODS】 Blue light enhances background current and dopamine sensitivity of carbon-fiber microelectrodes 摘要：光遗传、荧光成像常与碳纤维微电极伏安检测联用，光照会干扰电化学基线。系统对比蓝、绿光照射影响：蓝光会大幅提升电极基底充电电流，多巴胺检测信号增幅达 33%，机制为光热压缩双电层；实验给出标准化操作规范：检测前预照 30 s、同步光照校准、优先选用红光光源降低荧光光电干扰，为神经递质荧光 - 电化学同步测量提供操作标准。 关键词：无 参考文献：Anal. Methods, 2026，https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ay00403b【JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY】 First description of suspected biofluorescent patterns in Mesoamerican tailless whip spiders 摘要：螯肢动物普遍存在生物荧光，但无尾鞭蛛荧光特征尚无完整记录。本研究采集中美洲两类鞭蛛，365 nm 紫外光源激发下，关节与柔软角质层发出蓝绿色特征生物荧光。该荧光图谱为蛛类分类、生物荧光演化研究提供直观荧光观测依据，后续可通过荧光分光光度计解析荧光团化学本质。 关键词：Biofluorescence; Guanacaste; UV 参考文献：J. Arachnol., 2025，53，https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-24-033【JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME】 Laser Sheet Dropsizing of Ethanol Jets in Supersonic Crossflows 摘要：航空超音速横向喷雾雾化难以精准测量液滴粒径。本研究采用米氏散射 - 激光诱导荧光同步成像技术，搭配相位多普勒干涉仪标定，观测斜激波对乙醇喷雾液滴破碎的强化作用，绘制索特平均粒径荧光云图，分析激波、弓形喷雾、流场湍流耦合规律，为航空发动机燃料雾化荧光诊断提供光学测量方案。 关键词：jet in crossflow; oblique shock; Mie scatter; laser-induced fluorescence; Sauter mean diameter 参考文献：J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME, 2026，148，https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4070617五、有机荧光染料、配位发光与分子光谱理论 聚焦小分子有机荧光染料、席夫碱、蒽醌磺酰胺、稀土共掺杂生物陶瓷、金属配位发光复合物，依托稳态荧光、溶剂化显色、DFT 量子计算、DNA 结合荧光、光致发光光谱解析分子构效发光机理。一方面完善分子转子、ICT、PET 等经典荧光理论，另一方面开发兼具荧光成像、抗菌、骨修复、抗肿瘤多功能配位发光材料，衔接基础分子光谱理论与生物医用发光材料开发。【JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY】 Spectral Properties of a Styryl Derivative of Benzothiazole Containing a Linker Group 摘要：本研究合成带羧基连接臂的苯并噻唑苯乙烯染料 Th-C7，结合吸收、荧光光谱测试与量子化学计算证实，该分子属于典型溶剂化显色分子转子：荧光量子产率高度依赖溶液黏度与溶剂极性，分子扭转弛豫调控其发光强度，可用于环境黏度、极性荧光传感检测。 关键词：benzothiazole dyes; torsional relaxation; intramolecular charge transfer; solvatochromic molecular rotors 参考文献：J. Appl. Spectrosc., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-026-02084-3【JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE】 Structural and DNA-binding studies of 2,6-Diaminoanthraquinone sulfonamide derivative 摘要：以经典抗癌药米托蒽醌为参照，合成 2,6 - 二氨基蒽醌磺酰胺衍生物 2,6-TGAQ。利用核磁、XRD 确证分子结构，细胞实验证明其抗肿瘤活性；通过荧光光谱、循环伏安测定分子与 DNA 结合常数达 10⁴量级，作用模式为部分嵌入 DNA 双链。结合 DFT 密度泛函理论、分子对接、热力学荧光滴定，完整解析分子电子结构、DNA 疏水结合机制，为蒽醌类荧光抗肿瘤药物分子设计提供光谱理论支撑。 关键词：Sulfonamides; Anthraquinone; Docking; DNA-Binding; DFT 参考文献：J. Mol. Struct., 2026，1374，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2026.146821【SURFACES AND INTERFACES】 Multifunctional borosilicate-based bioceramics co-doped with Pr3+/La3+ ions 摘要：Pr³⁺/La³⁺共掺杂硼硅酸盐生物陶瓷兼具骨修复与荧光成像双重功能。共沉淀法制备材料后，XRD、模拟体液浸泡验证优异体外生物活性，表面可生成羟基磷灰石层；光致发光测试显示材料可发射可调黄绿荧光，稀土掺杂同步提升材料抗氧化、抑菌性能；细胞荧光实验证实可促进成骨细胞增殖，该稀土发光生物陶瓷可作为骨缺损修复体内荧光示踪植入材料。 关键词：Rare earth; Borosilicate; Photoluminescence; Bioactivity; Hydroxylapatite 参考文献：Surf. Interfaces, 2026，96，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2026.109917六、植物光合荧光与农业生理研究 以叶绿素荧光、叶片气体交换联用技术为核心，围绕番茄、大豆、热带牧草、罗勒四种作物，探究温度驯化、水分胁迫、氮硫养分配比、不同可见光波段对光合荧光参数、叶肉导度、水分利用效率、作物产量的调控规律。将荧光生理指标作为高光效育种、逆境栽培的筛选标准，建立基于荧光特征的作物产量预判体系，服务现代化精准农业生理监测。【PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT】 Growth Temperature Alters the Thermal Sensitivity of Mesophyll Conductance in Wild and Cultivated Tomato 摘要：叶肉导度 gm 是 C3 植物 CO₂扩散关键限制因子，传统观点认为其温度响应固定。本研究设置四组昼夜温度梯度，联用气体交换与叶绿素荧光测定野生、栽培番茄光合参数。结果证明生长温度会驯化 gm 温度系数 Q10 与活化能，高温培育后 gm 温度敏感性显著上升；物种对 gm 影响微弱，光合产量差异主要由生化光合能力决定，叶绿素荧光可快速表征叶肉导度温度驯化特征，为番茄耐热品种荧光筛选提供指标。 关键词：activation energy; CO2 diffusion; mesophyll conductance; photorespiration; photosynthesis; Q10; Solanum pennellii; temperature response; thermal acclimation; tomato 参考文献：Plant Cell Environ., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70717【PLANTENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS】 Photosynthetic Traits Underlying Yield Differences in Irrigated and Rainfed Soybean 摘要：选取 7 个大豆品种，分别在灌溉、雨养干旱田块种植，R5 鼓粒期测定全套叶绿素荧光与气体交换参数。灌溉条件下净光合、瞬时羧化效率与籽粒产量高度正相关；雨养环境水分利用效率（WUE）是产量核心荧光生理预测指标。DS 25-1、LG03-4561-14 等品种在两种水分条件下荧光光合性能稳定，可作为高产抗旱育种材料，叶绿素荧光技术实现大田大豆产量快速无损评估。 关键词：instantaneous carboxylation efficiency; instantaneous water use efficiency; moisture deficit stress; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; transpiration rate 参考文献：Plant-Environ. Interact., 2026，7，https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.70178【FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE】 Sulfur improvements in growth, nutrient use efficiency, and photosynthesis depend on ammonium-nitrate nutrition 摘要：以热带牧草 Megathyrsus maximus 为材料，设置 3 个硫浓度、2 种氮素配比（纯硝态氮 / 硝铵混合氮）水培试验，通过叶绿素荧光检测 PSII 量子效率、电子传递速率、抗氧化酶荧光活性。结果表明仅硝铵混合供给时，施硫可显著提升生物量、氮硫利用效率与荧光光合参数；纯硝态氮组光合荧光指标、抗氧化活性显著下降，丙二醛积累升高。叶绿素荧光可快速判别氮硫交互胁迫，为热带牧草精准氮硫配施提供无损荧光监测手段。 关键词：antioxidant activity; chlorophyll fluorescence; forage grass production; oxidative stress; Tanzania guinea grass 参考文献：Front. Plant Sci., 2026，17，https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1828558【FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE】 Photosynthesis in transition: the importance of wavelengths in the green gap for Ocimum basilicum L. 摘要：传统认知认为蓝、红光光合效率优于绿光，本研究利用叶绿素荧光结合气体交换测定罗勒在深蓝、青、薄荷绿、橙、橙红多波段光照下光合速率。出乎意料，绿光区间波段 CO₂同化速率最高；白光补充 25% 短波长（430–527 nm）时光合荧光指标最优。叶绿素荧光光谱解析重新修正植物光质利用理论，为设施农业 LED 补光光谱优化提供荧光生理依据。 关键词：action spectrum; basil; chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; high irradiance; green light 参考文献：Front. Plant Sci., 2026，17，https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1842244七、微生物、生物工程与分离荧光分析 涵盖微生物荧光分型、CRISPRi 荧光调控、毛细管电泳荧光涂层、蛋白多酚相互作用荧光表征、新型假单胞菌基因组荧光鉴定，依托荧光定量、电泳荧光、细胞荧光成像、基因荧光标记技术，开展微生物抑菌、工程菌免疫调控、蛋白分离、食品功能改性研究，将荧光作为微生物、生物大分子分离与功能评价核心定量手段。【JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE】 Covalent Zwitterionic Peptide-Based Antifouling Coating of Fused Silica Capillary 摘要：蛋白电泳分离易发生管壁非特异性吸附，降低分离效率。本研究固相合成两性离子抗污多肽，重氮树脂共价键合于熔融石英毛细管内壁制备涂层。通过荧光蛋白吸附实验验证涂层抗吸附性能，20 分钟内完成 5 种标准蛋白电泳分离，蛋清蛋白 15 分钟基线分离；荧光成像直观证明多肽涂层大幅抑制管壁蛋白吸附，为毛细管电泳荧光生物大分子分离提供长效抗污涂层方案。 关键词：amphoteric ion; antifouling peptide; anti-protein adsorption; capillary electrophoresis; covalent coating 参考文献：J. Sep. Sci., 2026，49，https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.70479【GENETICS】 Transcriptional feedback targeting Wnt pathway components reveals hidden heterogeneity in Caenorhabditis elegans seam cell lineages 摘要：秀丽隐杆线虫表皮 seam 细胞不对称分裂依赖 Wnt 通路，本研究采用单分子荧光原位杂交（smFISH） 定量通路基因 mRNA 荧光信号，发现 L2 分裂前后前后子代细胞 Wnt 基因荧光表达存在显著不对称，转录反馈强化细胞命运分化；荧光原位成像揭示 seam 细胞谱系隐藏分子异质性，为发育生物学细胞分化荧光定量观测提供单分子荧光技术。 关键词：C. elegans; Wnt signaling; asymmetric cell division; symmetric cell division; seam cell; POP-1/TCF; PRY-1/Axin; SYS-1/beta-catenin; feedback 参考文献：Genetics, 2026，https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag147【JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION】 Conformational and antioxidant activity changes in decolorized highland barley protein induced by polyphenol complexation 摘要：探究 5 种多酚与脱色青稞蛋白非共价复合，利用荧光猝灭、内源酪氨酸荧光、二级结构光谱表征蛋白构象变化。高浓度没食子酸、绿原酸造成蛋白大量聚集，粒径大幅上升；多酚结合使蛋白表面疏水度提升，荧光光谱证实除红景天苷外均发生明显荧光猝灭。所有复合物抗氧化活性显著高于纯蛋白，其中橙皮苷协同效果最优。内源荧光是食品蛋白 - 多酚相互作用快速表征手段，指导功能性抗氧化食品配料开发。 关键词：Protein-polyphenol interaction; Structural properties; Antioxidant activity; Highland barley protein 参考文献：J. Food Meas. Charact., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-026-04638-7【ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY】 Suppression of Salmonella Effectors with CRISPRi Controls the Immune Response 摘要：沙门氏菌效应蛋白 SopB、SteE 会抑制机体抗肿瘤免疫。本研究构建 CRISPRi 沉默系统，将效应蛋白融合荧光标签，通过细胞荧光成像定量基因沉默效率。沉默 SopB 降低 AKT 磷酸化、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡；沉默 SteE 下调免疫抑制 IL-10、提升促炎 TNF-α 荧光表达，荧光定量证实工程沙门氏菌可重塑肿瘤微环境免疫表型，为活菌肿瘤免疫治疗提供荧光评价体系。 关键词：Salmonella; effector proteins; immunosuppression; CRISPRi; immune modulation; cancer therapy 参考文献：ACS Synth. Biol., 2026，https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6c00041【SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY】 Genomic insights and antifungal potential of Pseudomonas species isolated from maple sap 摘要：枫汁真菌污染影响枫糖浆品质，本研究分离 9 株假单胞菌，全基因组测序结合荧光抑菌实验评估抗真菌活性。基因组挖掘鉴定氰化氢、环脂肽等抑菌次生代谢基因簇；荧光显微观测证实菌株依靠接触型机制抑制食品腐败酵母，两株新种 Pseudomonas acericola、Pseudomonas edsoni 抑菌荧光信号最强，荧光定量抑菌活性为微生物生物防治菌株筛选提供快速方法。 关键词：Phenazine biosynthesis; Secondary metabolite gene clusters; Biocontrol agents; Tree-associated bacteria 参考文献：Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2026，49，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2026.126738八、综述、工程检测与其他交叉荧光研究 收录荧光相关综述、光伏故障荧光检测、血浆载体光诊疗综述三大交叉方向，整合荧光成像、红外荧光巡检、内源荧光载体递送技术，梳理领域研究进展、工程落地缺陷、体内原位荧光激活设计思路，为荧光技术在新能源、光动力治疗交叉领域的发展提供全局综述视角。【RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY】 In situ activation via endogenous carrier hitchhiking 摘要：传统预组装荧光纳米药物稳定性差、体内分布不可控，本综述系统总结脂蛋白、白蛋白内源载体搭载光诊疗分子原位激活策略。依托荧光光谱解析载体结合前后荧光量子产率、光动力效率、肿瘤靶向荧光分布变化，梳理载体亲脂性、组织特异性对荧光诊疗分子体内行为的调控规律，为原位活化型荧光光诊疗试剂设计提供完整设计原则。 关键词：In situ activation; Nano-complex; Photodynamic therapy; Carrier; Biomaterial 参考文献：Results Chem., 2026，28，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103578【RESULTS IN ENGINEERING】 Imaging Inspection Techniques and Solar Panel Fault Detection 摘要：光伏板故障会引发热斑、起火风险，红外荧光成像是主流无损巡检手段。本文全面综述可见光荧光、红外热荧光、AI 辅助荧光成像光伏故障识别技术，归纳隐裂、衰减、漏电等故障对应的荧光图谱特征，对比传统人工检测与智能荧光成像优劣，梳理荧光巡检设备产业化现存难点，为光伏电站全自动荧光故障监测提供技术综述。 关键词：PV Systems; Fault diagnosis; Imaging-based Inspection; Fault detection; Deep learning 参考文献：Results Eng., 2026，31，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111476本周总结 本周荧光技术进展覆盖环境水体荧光、碳 / 量子点纳米荧光、生物医学荧光成像与探针、激光超快荧光物理、有机配位发光分子、植物叶绿素光合荧光、微生物生物工程荧光、交叉工程荧光检测八大完整研究门类，实现从基础分子光谱理论、荧光仪器物理开发、纳米发光材料合成，到农业生理监测、环境水质筛查、临床疾病诊断、航空流体、新能源无损检测全链条覆盖。整体研究以各类荧光光谱技术（三维荧光、激光诱导荧光、荧光定量 PCR、叶绿素荧光、单分子荧光、磷光、比率荧光、术中荧光导航）为统一核心表征工具，一方面持续优化荧光探针、纳米发光材料、荧光测量算法与仪器装置，另一方面拓展荧光技术在生态、农业、生物医药、工程、材料、微生物多学科的定量应用场景。全部研究证实荧光光谱具备高灵敏度、快速无损、可视化定量、便携现场检测的独特优势，未来融合机器学习、人工智能、纸基微型设备、活体多模态荧光融合将是荧光领域核心发展方向，同时各类新型稀土、碳基、有机小分子荧光材料会持续推动荧光传感、荧光成像技术向低成本、高精度、多场景通用化迭代升级。