A review.The advancement and practical use of small-mol. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that specifically target the BCR-ABL fusion protein have introduced a revolutionary era of precision medicine for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-pos. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL).This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis, mechanisms of action, and clin. implementation of clin. validated TKIs in the context of BCR-ABL, emphasizing the remarkable strides made in achieving therapeutic precision.We delve into the intricate design and synthesis of these small mols., highlighting the synthetic strategies and modifications that have led to increased selectivity, enhanced binding affinities, and reduced off-target effects.Addnl., we discuss the structural biol. of BCR-ABL inhibition and how it informs drug design.The success of these compounds in inhibiting aberrant kinase activity is a testament to the meticulous refinement of the synthetic process.Furthermore, this review provides a detailed anal. of the clin. applications of these TKIs, covering not only their efficacy in achieving deep mol. responses but also their impact on patient outcomes, safety profiles, and resistance mechanisms.We explore ongoing research efforts to overcome resistance and enhance the therapeutic potential of these agents.In conclusion, the synthesis and utilization of clin. validated small-mol. TKIs targeting BCR-ABL exemplify the transformative power of precision medicine in the treatment of hematol. malignancies.This review highlights the evolving landscape of BCR-ABL inhibition and underscores the continuous commitment to refining and expanding the therapeutic repertoire for these devastating diseases.