Terguride

This study highlighted the proximate composition, metabolites, and in vitro biol. activities of three papaya leaf cultivars in Thailand: Khaek Dam (K), Holland (H), and Thai Local (L), according to leaf age (young, middle, and old).The young-aged leaves of three cultivars showed significantly more protein and fiber content, as well as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and tannin content (TC) than the middle-aged and old-aged leaves (p<0.05).Furthermore, the metabolite profiles of young leaves from three cultivars exhibited the highest concentrations of phenolic compoundsOther metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, indoles, amino acids, saccharides, lipids, and vitamins, increased in middle-aged leaves.The K cultivar outperformed the H and L cultivars in terms of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity at all leaf maturities.The young and middle-aged leaf extracts from all three cultivars revealed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (p<0.05).The middle-aged leaves of the three extracts had the lowest IC₅₀ for inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, resulting in excellent glycemic control.The extracts from middle-aged and young K leaves were non-toxic to RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and significantly reduced NO production at doses ranging from 0.98 to 62.5 μg/mL.K-young and middle-aged leaf extracts demonstrated high antioxidant activity.As a result, K-young and middle-aged leaf extracts are highly desirable as functional food additives.

This study aimed to assess the changes in metabolites from beef exudates (EXU), to reveal the potential of its application in determining beef quality.EXU were collected from 2, 4 and 6 days of chilled meat as a study model.Anal. of the EXU using the UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS platform identified 877 metabolites and 433 differential metabolites (DMs).The DMs mainly included organic acids (45), organoheterocyclic (45), lignans (38), phenylpropanoids and polyketides (22), benzenoids (19), organic oxygen (17), and nucleosides (16).Of these, 75 DMs with a KEGG ID were significantly associated with water retention, color and shear force in beef (P < 0.05).These DMs affected beef quality by participating in metabolic pathways, such as energy, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, ferroptosis, apoptosis and oxidative status.Based on the results of the current study, it may be feasible to estimate the quality of meat by analyzing its EXU.