A Single-Center, Open-Label, Phase II, Safety and Efficacy Study of Panzem Nanocrystal Colloidal Dispersion Administered Orally in Combination With Protracted Oral Fixed-Dose Temozolomide to Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-tumor activity and safety of Panzem NCD given in combination with daily oral fixed-dose temozolomide in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

开始日期2007-04-01

申办/合作机构

CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC

100 项与 2-Methoxyestradiol 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 2-Methoxyestradiol 相关的转化医学

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100 项与 2-Methoxyestradiol 相关的专利（医药）

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1,786

项与 2-Methoxyestradiol 相关的文献（医药）

2025-11-01·JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Fucoxanthin ameliorates vascular remodeling via attenuating oxidative stress in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats

Article

作者: Ji, Yuke ; Wang, Rui ; Sui, Zheng ; Xu, Shuo ; Jia, Xiaoqin ; Zhu, Zhilong ; Zhao, Jina ; Wang, Dingyou ; Zheng, Xu ; Yuan, Yuhui ; Li, Junxia ; Hasnain, Muhammad ; Pan, Jinjin

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, primarily resulting from abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity, was investigated for its therapeutic potential in HPH, given the critical role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intermittent chronic hypoxia for 4 weeks to mimic severe HPH. The results demonstrated that fucoxanthin significantly reduced the elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy, and mitigated pulmonary artery remodeling in the HPH rats. Additionally, fucoxanthin enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both lung tissues and serum of HPH rats. In vitro, fucoxanthin inhibited cell proliferation and migration, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in hypoxia-induced PASMCs, and improved cell viability in hypoxia-induced endothelial cells (ECs). Importantly, fucoxanthin reduced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression in both lung tissues and PASMCs under hypoxia. Notably, fucoxanthin exhibited effects similar to those of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1α, on cell proliferation and ROS production in hypoxia-induced PASMCs. Moreover, fucoxanthin treatment did not significantly alter HIF-1α expression, cell proliferation, or ROS production after 2ME2 blocked HIF-1α. Collectively, fucoxanthin suppressed hypoxia-induced oxidative stress primarily by regulating the HIF-1α-ROS pathway, thereby alleviating pulmonary remodeling in HPH. Our findings represent a promising therapeutic strategy for HPH by improving pulmonary vascular remodeling.

2025-11-01·FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Transcriptional profiling uncovers microglial HIF-1α signaling as a therapeutic target of radiation-induced brain injury

Article

作者: Kim, Joong-Sun ; Choi, Yoonsoo ; Lee, Hae-June ; Baik, Ja-Hyun ; Son, Yeonghoon ; Moon, Changjong

Cranial irradiation is a widely used therapeutic modality for brain tumors but is frequently associated with long-term neurological complications, including cognitive deficits and mood disturbances. Despite its clinical relevance, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate cell-type-specific transcriptional changes following cranial irradiation in mice. Irradiated animals exhibited marked microglial alterations, including a dynamic shift toward a pathologically activated state, alongside significant impairments in hippocampus-dependent cognitive dysfunction. Notably, we identified a radiation-induced upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling specifically within microglial populations, which was not detectable using conventional bulk analyses. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α with 2-methoxyestradiol led to partial recovery of cognitive function and selectively suppressed the expression of Ccl2, a key HIF-1α-associated chemokine implicated in neuroinflammatory signaling. These findings highlight the subtype-specific vulnerability of microglia to radiation and underscore the central role of HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional changes in RIBI. Targeting the microglial HIF-1α-Ccl2 axis may thus offer a promising strategy to mitigate late-onset cognitive dysfunction following cranial irradiation.

2025-10-01·MOLECULAR DIVERSITY

Synthesis of novel estradiol bisselenocyanate with unique 2-selenocyano-17-selenocyanoesteryl structure and evaluation of antitumor activity

Article

作者: Cui, Jianguo ; Liu, Zhiping ; Cheng, Yang ; Huang, Yanmin ; Tian, Wenhao ; Cai, Chunrui ; Gan, Tao ; Gan, Chunfang

Cancer is one of the most significant diseases that afflict human beings. The pursuit of high efficacy and low-toxicity anticancer drugs has always been a paramount research objective for scientists. In the present study, we incorporated two selenocyano pharmacophores into the 2-site and 17-branch chain of the steroid nucleus in various manners, utilizing estradiol as the fundamental framework. Consequently, several estradiol bisselenocyanate compounds with a 2-selenocyano-17-selenocyanoester structure were synthesized. When compared to the positive control steroidal anti-tumor drug 2-methoxyestradiol, certain derivatives exhibited superior inhibitory activity against tumor cells in vitro, surpassing their monoselenocyanate precursors. The representative compound 4b induced programmed apoptosis in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner during apoptosis and cell cycle experiments, while causing G2 phase arrest predominantly in the cell cycle. Moreover, compound 4b exhibited significant inhibitory effects on cell migration and demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity against HeLa xenograft tumors in zebrafish models. These findings suggest that these compounds hold potential as promising candidates for anti-tumor drugs and warrant further investigation.

项与 2-Methoxyestradiol 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-08-24

·精准药物

【Sci. Adv.】丁克、陈良等联合开发新型CD137小分子激动剂JNU-0921用于肿瘤免疫治疗

CD137，又名4-1BB，是一类T细胞共刺激受体，属于肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族（Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily，TNFRSF）。CD137激动性抗体已被证实可以通过激活T细胞来达到抗肿瘤的作用。目前尚无CD137小分子/抗体激动剂药物被批准上市。2024年8月23日，中国科学院上海有机化学研究所丁克研究员和暨南大学陈良教授联合在Science子刊Science Advances杂志在线发表题为“Human/mouse CD137 agonist, JNU-0921, effectively shrinks tumors through enhancing the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in cis and in trans”的研究性文章，共同报道了首个CD137小分子激动剂JNU-0921的开发及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的机制研究。 CD137 免疫检查点疗法在肿瘤免疫治疗领域中使很多癌症患者大大受益，显著缓解患者病症、延长患者生存期。该法的原理是相当于“刹车”的作用，消除癌细胞对T细胞的抑制作用，激活T细胞的效应能力。根据免疫检查点的作用机制可以分为抑制性免疫检查点和共刺激性免疫检查点：前者包括PD-1、CTLA-4、LAG3、TIGIT、BTLA、TIM-3和CEACAM1等，后者包括CD137（4-1BB）、OX40、CD27、CD28、CD40L、ICOS、GITR和LIGHT等。图1 T细胞表达的共刺激/抑制受体及其配体相互作用的示意图（图源自Immune Network, 2020）目前，共刺激受体的激动性药物研究正成为炙手可热的研发方向之一。其中，明星分子4-1BB作为一种强大的T细胞共刺激受体备受瞩目：4-1BB信号的激活能增强NK细胞抗体依赖性的细胞毒性功能；增强效应T细胞的细胞毒性功能，促进其分化和记忆能力，上调细胞炎症因子的分泌，保护其不被凋亡，将Treg重编程为具有抗肿瘤活性的细胞毒性CD4+ T细胞并提高机体的抗肿瘤能力。因此对4-1BB这一重要靶标的生理功能以及激动剂药物进行探究是非常有必要的。4-1BB根据白细胞分化抗原簇的命名又被称之为CD137。 CD137的天然结合配体是4-1BBL，又称作CD137L，在人体中位于19p13.3染色体，是一个II型跨膜蛋白，主要表达在DC细胞、B细胞和巨噬细胞等抗原呈递细胞上，并随着这些细胞的激活而进一步上调。与CD137一样，CD137L可以在非造血细胞中表达，例如内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和心肌细胞。CD137L也可在造血干细胞、中性粒细胞和成纤维细胞上被检测到。多款CD137单克隆抗体已进入临床研究。其中，Bristol-Myers Squibb公司的Urelumab（BMS-663513, IgG4）和Pfizer公司的Utomilumab（PF-05082566, IgG2）进展最快，均处于临床II期。临床结果发现，Urelumab具有剂量依赖的肝毒性和引起疲劳等副作用，而Utomilumab虽安全性提高，但疗效有限。研究成果 1. CD137小分子激动剂的先导化合物筛选和分子优化 NFAT作为免疫应答中诱导基因转录的一类重要的转录因子参与细胞功能调节，并作为关键调节点参与细胞中多条信号传导通路的调节。为了进行小分子化合物的筛选，作者首先建立了一个稳定的Jurkat克隆（人T细胞系）细胞Jurkat-CD137-NFAT-luciferase（即JC-luc），包含过表达的hCD137以及一个由NFAT结合元件控制的荧光素酶基因组成的转基因，从而刺激hCD137导致荧光素酶表达 (图2A)。并通过CRISPR/Cas9敲除Jurkat-NFAT-luciferase中的hCD137基因获得J-luc-sgCD137。用激动性抗CD137抗体 (aCD137) 处理JC-luc细胞可以诱导强大的荧光素酶活性，但在J-luc-sgCD137细胞中没有出现。因此，JC-luc细胞是评估潜在CD137小分子激动剂的理想选择。图2小分子化合物筛选系统原理图及筛选结果随后，作者对已上市小分子药物库进行了筛选。结果发现，Ataluren (AT，图2B) 在JC-luc细胞中以剂量和时间依赖的方式诱导了强大的荧光素酶活性。然而，在功能验证性实验中，与DMSO相比，aCD137能够显著提高WT小鼠CD4+、CD8+ T的分裂增殖能力（图3A-C）、促进原代T细胞的激活（图3D-G）以及上调IL-2、IFNG和Perforin的产生和分泌（图3H-M），而AT对CD4+和CD8+ T细胞均没有活化作用。图3 AT未能活化小鼠脾脏原代T细胞综上所述，AT是一种弱效、低特异性的CD137激动剂：尽管它能够激发CD137信号，但只能在JC-luc细胞中CD137高表达的情况下才会发生。因此，为了筛选出高效且特异性更高的CD137小分子激动剂，作者对AT的化学结构进行了系统的结构优化。 AT的化学结构由三个芳环串联而成，作者采用生物电子等排及骨架跃迁等经典药物设计策略，分别对三个环的类型及其取代基进行了系统的结构优化，设计并合成一系列小分子化合物，并通过JC-luc细胞实验验证改构后的化合物对细胞中luciferase活力的影响（图4C-4F）。结果表明，当1,2,4-噁二唑3-位为间位羧基取代的苯基时，活性最佳；当5-位为萘基时，化合物2-25处理后的luciferase活力值最高，相对荧光值达2.23，EC50值最低（64 nM）；噁二唑的改造对活性不利。因此，后续对2-25（即JNU-0921）的生物学功能进行了探索。特异性实验：与DMSO相比，anti-huCD137和JNU-0921均能显著促进JC-luc细胞中luciferase活力，而在J-luc、J-luc-sgCD137细胞中均没有促进作用（图4G）。这提示我们，JNU-0921靶向CD137的特异性高，没有脱靶活性。同时，通过RT-qPCR实验发现JNU-0921能够显著促进JC-luc细胞中IFNG和GZMB的转录水平（图4H）。小鼠原代细胞增殖、激活和细胞因子分泌实验：与DMSO相比，JNU-0921和aCD137均能够显著提高WT小鼠CD4+、CD8+ T的分裂增殖能力（图4I-J）、促进原代T细胞的激活（图4K-N）以及上调IL-2、IFNγ的产生和分泌（图4O-R）。而相比之下，在KO小鼠中并没有观察到这些实验现象。这说明，JNU-0921是以CD137依赖的方式促进T细胞的活化。以上结果表明，JNU-0921是一种有效的特异性激动剂，能够激活人和小鼠CD137。图4 2. JNU-0921通过直接与CD137的胞外结构域结合激活CD137信号确认了JNU-0921对CD137的特异性激活作用后，作者进一步探究了JNU-0921具体是如何激活CD137信号通路的。三聚体CD137Ls结合并引起CD137的三聚化，然后招募TNFR相关因子(TRAF) 并引发下游NF-κB和MAPK信号传导。为了确定JNU-0921具体是影响了CD137信号通路中的哪个环节，作者首先考察JNU-0921是否影响CD137的寡聚化。根据荧光素酶互补实验原理构建了两个质粒，分别是pCDH-CD137-Nluc和pCDH-CD137-Cluc，当两个质粒在细胞中共表达后，如果CD137分子之间发生多聚化，则Nluc和Cluc相互靠近并正确配位，从而产生荧光素酶活性。实验发现，在Jurkat细胞中JNU-0921能够以时间和剂量依赖的方式显著增强荧光素酶活力（图5A-B）。根据激光共聚焦实验原理，进一步构建了pCDH-CD137-GFP和pCDH-CD137-mCherry两个质粒，当两个质粒在293T细胞中共表达后，如果CD137分子之间发生多聚化，则GFP和mCherry靠近或重叠，并显示出强烈的共定位信号。实验发现，JNU-0921能够显著增强CD137-GFP和CD137-mCherry的共定位（图5C-D）。同时，根据CO-IP实验原理，进一步构建了pCDH-CD137-Nluc-3xFlag和pCDH-CD137-Cluc-Myc两个质粒，当两个质粒在293T细胞中共表达后，如果CD137分子之间发生多聚化，那么通过IP拉下来的蛋白会增多（Flag拉Myc显）。实验发现，JNU-0921能够增强CD137-Flag共免疫沉淀CD137-Myc的能力（图5E）。这些结果说明，JNU-0921能够结合并促进CD137寡聚化。那么，JNU-0921是如何直接与CD137发生相互作用的呢？作者分别构建了hCD137胞内段/胞外段的293T-Luc细胞（CD137-IN、CD137-EXtra），在过表达胞外段蛋白的293T细胞中的荧光素酶互补实验结果显示，JNU-0921能够以剂量依赖的方式显著增强荧光素酶活力（图5F）。而相比之下，JNU-0921对过表达胞内段蛋白的293T细胞中荧光素酶活力的增强程度要小的多。同时，激光共聚焦实验结果显示，JNU-0921能够显著促进CD137-Extra-TM-GFP和CD137-Extra-TM-mCherry的共定位（图5G-H）。另外，免疫共沉淀实验结果显示，JNU-0921能够明显促进CD137-Extra-TM-Nluc-Flag免疫共沉淀CD137-Extra-TM-mCherry-Myc的能力（图5I）。而相比之下，CD137-Intra-TM-GFP-Flag却未能免疫沉淀CD137-Intra-TM-mCherry-Myc。热漂移实验发现，与对照相比，在50℃-72℃范围内JNU-0921能够结合并稳定CD137胞外蛋白，使其相对不容易因高温而变性析出（图5J-K）。以上结果说明，JNU-0921通过结合CD137蛋白的胞外段从而促进CD137寡聚化。接下来，作者将JNU-0921与CD137全长分子进行了分子模拟对接研究。对接结果显示，JNU-0921嵌合在CD137胞外段形成的一个凹槽中。JNU-0921的羧基与K69侧链、C68位主链之间形成氢键相互作用（图5L）。进一步地，作者通过定点突变的方式对关键氨基酸进行单点突变，将69位赖氨酸突变成精氨酸（Arg，R），将68位半胱氨酸突变成丝氨酸（Ser，S）。热漂移实验显示，JNU-0921并不能结合和稳定CD137-K69R蛋白，而仍然能够结合和稳定CD137-C68S蛋白（图5M-O）。同时，荧光素酶互补实验分析显示，JNU-0921对CD137-WT蛋白和CD137-C68S蛋白多聚化的影响程度相当，而对CD137-K69R的多聚化作用显著减弱。这些数据表明，在JNU-0921与CD137胞外段发生相互作用的过程中，K69与JNU-0921之间的氢键相互作用发挥了主要作用。综上所述，JNU-0921通过与CD137胞外段的K69侧链基团发生氢键相互作用而促进CD137多聚化，而与C68位点主链之间的相互作用的存在与否对JNU-0921结合CD137胞外段的影响并不显著。图5 3. JNU-0921有效激活CD137的信号传导 CD137三聚化后招募下游TRAFs多聚体，包括TRAF1：(TRAF2)2、(TRAF2)3和TRAF3：(TRAF2)2，并激活ERK、MAPK和NF-κB信号通路。因此，作者首先探究CD137在对JNU-0921刺激的反应中招募了哪些TRAFs复合体。借助CRISPR/Cas9技术，构建了同时敲除了TRAF1、TRAF2和TARF3的293T细胞系。荧光素酶互补实验分析显示，JNU-0921能够以剂量依赖的方式显著促进TRAF3-Nluc和TRAF2-Cluc的多聚化，相比之下对TRAF1-Nluc和TRAF2-Cluc、TRAF2-Nluc和TRAF2-Cluc多聚化的影响程度要小的多（图6A）。激光共聚焦实验显示，JNU-0921能够显著增强TRAF3-GFP和TRAF2-mCherry的共定位信号（图6B-C）。免疫共沉淀实验分析显示，JNU-0921能够增强TRAF2-Flag免疫共沉淀TRAF3-Myc的能力。而相比之下，JNU-0921均不能增强TRAF1与TRAF2或TRAF2与TRAF2的相互作用（图6D）。这些实验结果说明，JNU-0921促进CD137寡聚化之后招募了下游的TRAF3：(TRAF2)2复合体。 P65和IκB是NF-κB信号通路中的成员，二者磷酸化增强程度能够反应出该信号通路的激活程度。WB实验显示，JNU-0921能够以剂量依赖的方式明显增强Jurkat细胞中P65和IκB的磷酸化水平（图6E）。同样，在WT小鼠激活的脾脏原代细胞中也发现，JNU-0921和aCD137均能够明显促进IκB的磷酸化水平，且是剂量依赖的。而相比之下，在CD137KO小鼠的原代细胞中并没有观察到这一趋势（图6F）。此外，RT-qPCR实验分析显示，JNU-0921和aCD137均能显著提高WT小鼠中NF-κB信号通路下游靶基因如BCL-XL、BCL-2、BFL-1和Survivin等抗凋亡因子的转录水平，而在CD137KO小鼠中则没有发现促进作用（图6G-J）。小鼠原代细胞中的实验数据进一步证明，JNU-0921是特异性靶向CD137而发挥作用的。因此，JNU-0921能够通过CD137激活NF-κB信号通路。图6 综上表明，JNU-0921结合CD137后招募TRAF3：（TRAF2）2复合体，进而激活NF-κB信号通路并上调抗凋亡因子的表达。 4. JNU-0921通过激活T细胞免疫从而抑制肿瘤生长 MC38是一种源于小鼠结肠癌的非免疫原性肿瘤，因其具有独特的生物学特征如免疫逃避、生长速度快、易于操控等特点而被广泛应用于肿瘤免疫治疗、药物筛选等各个方面。Rag1（Recombination activating gene 1）是参与免疫球蛋白VDJ重组的RAG复合物成分。Rag1纯合敲除（Rag1-/-）小鼠体内缺乏成熟的T细胞和B细胞，NK细胞比例略有增加。作者通过在WT和Rag1-/-小鼠皮下种植MC38移植瘤模型来探究JNU-0921在体内治疗肿瘤的能力。结果显示，JNU-0921在WT小鼠中显著抑制了MC38肿瘤的生长，而在Rag1-/-免疫缺陷小鼠中则没有抑制作用（图7A-C）。流式细胞术检测分析发现，JNU-0921治疗之后WT小鼠肿瘤中浸润的CD8+ T细胞比例显著增加（图7D）。因此，JNU-0921可能是通过激活CD8+ T细胞免疫功能而促进抗肿瘤作用。随后，作者利用WT小鼠EG7移植瘤模型进行实验验证。将EG7种植至小鼠皮下，3天后待肿瘤成型再回输OT1 CTLs，再用JNU-0921治疗两周。实验结果显示，JNU-0921能够显著促进CTLs去杀伤EG7，抑制肿瘤生长，显示出显著的抗肿瘤作用（图7E-H）。为了探究JNU-0921治疗对肿瘤微环境中T淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响，流式检测和分析发现JNU-0921的治疗能够显著上调肿瘤浸润CD8+ T细胞中IL-2、IFNγ和GZMB的表达，提高CD8+中央记忆T细胞的比例，并且抑制TIM-3、PD-1和CTLA-4等耗竭marker的表达（图7I-O）。这提示JNU-0921能够在体内激活CD8+ T细胞、促进其记忆形成并抑制其耗竭。同时，流式分析还发现，JNU-0921的处理能促进肿瘤浸润CD4+ T细胞中IL-2和GZMB的表达，提高CD4+中央记忆T细胞的比例，并且抑制TIM-3和PD-1的表达（图7P-R）。此外，JNU-0921治疗还降低了肿瘤结节中Treg细胞的绝对数量。综上所述，JNU-0921通过激活T细胞免疫而有效缩小肿瘤。图7 5. JNU-0921增强CTL的效应和记忆功能进一步探究JNU-0921在抗肿瘤过程中对免疫系统产生的具体影响，首先，作者在小鼠原代细胞实验上探究JNU-0921对CD8+ T细胞效应功能的影响。将WT B6小鼠和CD137KO小鼠脱颈处死，取脾研磨获得原代细胞，用Recombinant Human IL-2、2-ME、anti-moCD3、anti-moCD28刺激后，加入药物处理。实验发现，JNU-0921能够显著增强WT小鼠CD8+ T细胞的分裂增殖能力（图8A-B）并促进T细胞激活，上调CD25和CD69的表达（图8C-D），而在CD137KO小鼠中则没有增强作用。在免疫系统抗肿瘤的过程中发挥杀伤作用的主要是肿瘤浸润细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）。因此，作者进行细胞杀伤实验以验证JNU-0921能否促进杀伤作用。首先构建P815-aCD3模型：向小鼠肥大细胞瘤细胞P815上过表达anti-mouse CD3 scFv，那么T细胞可以不依赖MHC呈递抗原的方式识别靶细胞P815-aCD3。杀伤实验结果显示，JNU-0921和aCD137均能显著促进WT小鼠CD8+ T细胞的杀伤作用（图8E-F），而在CD137KO小鼠中则没有增强作用。CD8+ T细胞在杀伤肿瘤细胞时会产生和分泌细胞效应因子，而细胞因子分泌实验也显示出JNU-0921处理以后能够显著促进WT小鼠CD8+ T细胞IFNγ、Perforin的表达（图8G-H）。综上所述，JNU-0921增强CD8+T细胞的效应功能。图8 OT1小鼠被广泛应用于多肽在CD8+ T细胞对抗原的阳性选择和应答中的作用，是用于体内研究CD8+ T细胞生物学的理想材料。OT1小鼠的脾脏原代细胞在体外用OVA257-264抗原肽进行刺激2-3天后，流式检测会发现CD8+ T细胞比例占95%及以上。因此，作者采用OT1小鼠去更有针对性地探究JNU-0921对CD8+ T细胞效应功能的影响。细胞分裂和激活实验分析显示，与上述WT小鼠中观察到的结果一致，JNU-0921显著增强了OT1 CD8+ T细胞的分裂能力（图9I-J）并促进T细胞的激活（图9K-L），而在OT1/CD137KO小鼠中则没有增强作用。杀伤实验结果表明，JNU-0921显著增强了OT1 CD8+ T细胞的杀伤能力（图9M-N）。与杀伤作用增强对应的，JNU-0921显著提高了CD8+ T细胞IFNγ、Perforin的表达水平（图9O-P），而在OT1/CD137KO小鼠中则没有增强作用。图9 随后，作者考察了JNU-0921对记忆性CD8+ T细胞分化的影响。采用EG7反复刺激OT1 CTL生成CD8+记忆T细胞 (图10A)。FACS数据显示，JNU-0921可诱导OT1初始CD8+ T细胞分化成CD44+CD62L+细胞 (图10B-C)，同时下调包括PD-1、CTLA-4和TIM-3在内的耗竭标志物的表达 (图10D-F)。RT-qPCR分析显示，JNU-0921处理增加了抗凋亡因子的转录水平，包括BCL-XL、BCL-2、BFL-1和Survivin (图10G-J)。图10 此外，为了明确阐明JNU-0921对体内记忆细胞分化的影响，作者采用表达卵白蛋白 (LM-OVA) 的单核细胞增生李斯特菌 (Listeria monocytogenes) 感染CD45.1 C57BL/6J小鼠，然后在第二天通过尾静脉注射转移CD45.2 OT1 CTL。按照早期方案，在JNU-0921治疗45天后，分析脾脏和血液中中央记忆T细胞的比例 (图11A)。FACS分析显示，JNU-0921处理增加了脾脏和血液中中央记忆细胞的比例(图11B-D)。综上所述，JNU-0921能够促进初始CD8+ T细胞向中央记忆T细胞分化并增强其效应功能。图11 6. JNU-0921通过增强Th1的辅助功能和抑制Treg活性来增强CTL在trans中的功能图7数据可知，在JNU-0921治疗的小鼠中，肿瘤浸润的CD4+ T细胞表现出更高的效应和记忆功能，这表明CD4+ T细胞可能参与了JNU-0921的肿瘤缩小作用。事实上，作者也验证了CD4+ T细胞的耗竭会降低JNU-0921的治疗效果，正如CD8+ T细胞的耗竭一样 (图12A-C)。为了研究JNU-0921对CD4+ T细胞极化的影响，作者将JNU-0921作用于Th1和Th2极化条件下培养的CD4+ T细胞。有趣的是，JNU-0921促进Th1极化，抑制Th2分化 (图12D-G)，与前期报道一致。此外，JNU-0921可促进CD4+ T细胞的增殖和活化 (图12H-J)；而在CD137KO小鼠中则没有观察到这些实验现象。这表明，JNU-0921能够促进初始CD4+ T细胞向有利于细胞免疫的方向极化。为了探索JNU-0921通过增强Th1功能促进CTLs功能的可能性，作者分离CD4+细胞并使其在体外向Th1极化。然后将这些Th1细胞分别以1:1的比例与CFSE标记的WT或CD137KO背景的OT-1 CTL混合。FACS分析显示，Th1能有效促进CTL增殖 (图12K-L)。在此基础上，JNU-0921和aCD137的处理能够进一步显著促进OT1小鼠CD8+ T细胞的增殖，而在OT1/CD137KO小鼠中则没有促进作用 (图12K-L)，无可置疑地表明JNU-0921通过促进Th1的辅助功能来增强CTL的功能。图12 随后的Treg极化实验发现，JNU-0921和aCD137能够显著下调Treg（CD4+CD25+FOXP3+）的比例及其典型生物标志物CTLA-4和ICOS的表达，说明初始CD4+ T细胞向Treg方向的极化被抑制（图13M-R）。为验证JNU-0921在减弱Treg抑制功能的作用，作者根据Miltenyi Biotec的CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Isolation Kit分选了CD4+CD25-效应性T细胞和CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞，分别与OT1或OT1/CD137KO脾脏原代细胞以1:1比例进行共孵育，并加入JNU-0921进行处理后流式检测CD8+ T细胞的分裂情况。流式分析显示，CD4+CD25+细胞能够显著抑制T细胞的增殖，这证明了实验体系的有效性。在此基础上，JNU-0921和aCD137的加入能够显著促进OT1 CD8+ T的分裂，而在OT1/CD137KO小鼠中没有促进作用（图13S-T）。实验结果说明，JNU-0921能够逆转Treg对效应CD8+ T细胞增殖的抑制作用。综上所述，JNU-0921能够诱导初始CD4+ T细胞向有利于抗肿瘤免疫的方向极化，增强Th1促进CD8+ T细胞功能的能力，并逆转Treg对CD8+ T细胞的抑制作用。图13 小结激动型CD137抗体的应用受限于严重的肝毒性（Urelumab）和弱效性（Utomilumab）。与抗体相比，小分子激动剂具有更好的药代动力学特性和组织渗透性，且对人类的抗原性较低，更适用于临床治疗，并可能降低治疗成本和不良反应的发生率。鉴于CD137共刺激信号在免疫系统中的重要作用及其抗肿瘤活性，本文开展了CD137的小分子激动剂的开发工作。首先，通过构建针对CD137信号轴的高通量小分子药物筛选系统，成功筛选到小分子先导化合物AT，并通过结构优化获得了一个没有脱靶活性且依赖CD137共刺激信号激活T细胞的化合物JNU-0921。JNU-0921通过CD137激活NF-κB信号通路，有效增强CD4+和CD8+ T细胞的效应和记忆功能，增强Th1辅助功能，削弱Tregs的抑制作用，从而发挥显著的抗肿瘤作用。根据目前文献报道，JNU-0921是首个CD137小分子激动剂，具有显著抗肿瘤活性及低毒性。本文的通讯作者分别为暨南大学陈良教授、中国科学院上海有机化学研究所丁克研究员和暨南大学周倩副研究员，共同第一作者分别为刘鹭（PhD，暨南大学）、陈峰华（MD，暨南大学）、李姗（PhD，中国科学院杭州医学研究所）和杨童（PhD candidate，暨南大学）。原文链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp8647 撰稿：李姗陈峰华核对：刘鹭声明：发表/转载本文仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本公众号观点或证实其内容的真实性。据此内容作出的任何判断，后果自负。若有侵权，告知必删！长按关注本公众号粉丝群/投稿/授权/广告等请联系公众号助手觉得本文好看，请点这里↓

免疫疗法上市批准临床2期临床1期

2007-10-16

·BioSpace

EntreMed, Inc. Appoints Senior Vice President of Research and Development Dr. Kenneth W. Bair Joins Senior Management Team

ROCKVILLE, Md., Oct. 16 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- EntreMed, Inc. , a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases, today announced that Kenneth W. Bair, Ph.D. has been appointed its Senior Vice President, Research and Development. Dr. Bair has also been elected an executive officer of EntreMed by the Board of Directors, reporting to James S. Burns, President & CEO. (Logo: ) Dr. Bair brings to EntreMed over 25 years of management experience in oncology drug discovery, development and chemistry. Prior to joining EntreMed, Dr. Bair served as Senior Vice President and Head, BioPharmaceuticals Research at Chiron Corporation in Emeryville, California. Prior to joining Chiron Corporation in 2003, Dr. Bair was Vice President, Discovery Oncology at Pharmacia Corporation in Peapack, New Jersey. From 1982 until joining Pharmacia, Dr. Bair held positions of increasing responsibility within the pharmaceutical industry, including Unit Head of Oncology at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Executive Director and Head, Oncology Research Program, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation; and various oncology research positions at Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Dr. Bair received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, and was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Bair commented on his appointment at EntreMed, "I am delighted to be joining the EntreMed team. The Company has extensive scientific expertise in angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, kinase inhibition and inflammation, which provide a strong foundation for building a leading oncology franchise. EntreMed's pipeline of HIF-1 alpha and kinase inhibitors fit well with my background and research interests. I look forward to leading the advancement of EntreMed's mechanism-based drugs for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases." James S. Burns, EntreMed President & CEO commented, "I am very pleased to welcome Ken to EntreMed's leadership team. Ken joins EntreMed with a strong oncology research and development background in large pharmaceutical and biotech companies, experience that will be instrumental in leading EntreMed into its next phase of development." Mr. Burns continued, "Ken has a solid track record in identifying and developing oncology compounds. As Senior Vice President of Research and Development, Ken will play a critical role in leading the development of our ongoing research programs, prioritizing the existing portfolio, and identifying new compounds for our pipeline in order to select the best programs based on the strength of the data and their prospective competitive position." About EntreMed EntreMed, Inc. is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing therapeutic candidates primarily for the treatment of cancer and inflammation. Panzem(R) NCD (2-methoxyestradiol or 2ME2) is currently in multiple Phase 2 clinical trials for cancer. MKC-1, an oral cell-cycle regulator, is in multiple Phase 1 and 2 studies for cancer. ENMD-1198, a novel tubulin-binding agent, is in Phase 1 studies in advanced cancers. Panzem(R) is also in preclinical development for rheumatoid arthritis, and ENMD-2076, a dual-acting Aurora-angiogenesis inhibitor, is in preclinical development for cancer. EntreMed's goal is to develop and commercialize new compounds based on the Company's expertise in angiogenesis, cell-cycle regulation and inflammation - processes vital to the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Additional information about EntreMed is available on the Company's web site at and in various filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward Looking Statements This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act with respect to the outlook for expectations for future financial or business performance (including the timing of royalty revenues and future R&D expenditures), strategies, expectations and goals. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and no duty to update forward-looking statements is assumed. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors, including those set forth in Securities and Exchange Commission filings under "Risk Factors," including risks relating to the need for additional capital and the uncertainty of additional funding; variations in actual sales of Thalomid(R), risks associated with the Company's product candidates; the early-stage products under development; results in preclinical models are not necessarily indicative of clinical results, uncertainties relating to preclinical and clinical trials; success in the clinical development of any products; dependence on third parties; future capital needs; and risks relating to the commercialization, if any, of the Company's proposed products (such as marketing, safety, regulatory, patent, product liability, supply, competition and other risks). CONTACT: Ginny Dunn, Associate Director, Corporate Communications & Investor Relations of EntreMed, Inc., +1-240-864-2643 Web site:

2006-08-09

·BioSpace

EntreMed, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2006

ROCKVILLE, Md., Aug. 9 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- EntreMed, Inc. , a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases, today reported results for the three and six-month periods ending June 30, 2006. (Logo: ) The Company reported a net loss for the second quarter of 2006 of ($6.0 million), or ($0.09) per share. This compares with a net loss of ($4.3 million), or ($0.09) per share, for the same period last year. EntreMed's reported net loss for the first six months of 2006 was ($40.7 million), or ($0.59) per share as compared to ($9.8 million) or ($0.22) per share for 2005. The 2006 net loss for the six month period includes a non- cash charge of $29.5 million resulting from the acquisition of Miikana Therapeutics in January 2006. Excluding this non-cash charge, the Company's net loss for the first six months of 2006 was ($11.2 million), compared with ($9.8 million) for the first six months of 2005. The Company did not report any revenues for the first six months of 2006 versus $605,000 for the comparable period in 2005, although the Company believes that it will record royalty revenue on sales of Thalomid(R) by Celgene in the third and fourth quarters of 2006. As of June 30, 2006, EntreMed had cash and short-term investments of approximately $45.1 million. Dane Saglio, EntreMed Chief Financial Officer, commented on the results for the second quarter, "The Company's second quarter loss was slightly less than projected due primarily to the timing of our contract manufacturing activities. R&D expenditures will increase in the second half of the year as we secure material to support on-going and planned trials for our three clinical-stage drug candidates. As in 2005, we anticipate beginning to record royalty revenue on Celgene's sales of Thalomid(R) in the third quarter and believe that 2006 royalty revenue will be in line with 2005." James S. Burns, EntreMed President and Chief Executive Officer, commented, "Our progress for the first half of 2006 is consistent with both our guidance and my expectations. R&D expenses are in line with our progress on Panzem(R) NCD, MKC-1, ENMD-1198 and our key preclinical programs. Consistent with our previous guidance, we anticipate achieving our planned milestones and remaining on our expense budget for the remainder of 2006." The second quarter update call is scheduled for Tuesday, August 15, 2006 from 10:00 am to 11:00 am ET and will include a question and answer session. To access the live conference, please dial 888-603-6873 (U.S. or Canada) or 973-582-2706 (internationally) and reference conference number 7678866 at least 10 minutes prior to the beginning of the call. A digital recording will be available approximately one hour after completion of the conference and will be accessible for 60 days. To access the recording, dial 877-519-4471 (U.S. or Canada) or 973-341-3080 (internationally) and enter the digital pin number 7678866. This call will not be web cast; however, an audio replay will also be available on the Company's website at approximately one hour after the conclusion of the live conference. About EntreMed EntreMed, Inc. is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing therapeutic candidates primarily for the treatment of cancer and inflammation. Panzem(R) (2-methoxyestradiol or 2ME2), the Company's lead drug candidate, is currently in Phase 2 clinical trials for cancer, as well as in preclinical development for rheumatoid arthritis. MKC-1, an oral cell cycle regulator, is in Phase 2 studies for metastatic breast cancer. ENMD-1198, a novel tubulin binding agent, is also in Phase 1 studies in advanced cancers. EntreMed's goal is to develop and commercialize new compounds based on the Company's expertise in angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation and inflammation -- processes vital to the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Additional information about EntreMed is available on the Company's website at and in various filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward Looking Statements This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act with respect to the outlook for expectations for future financial or business performance (including the timing of royalty revenues and future R&D expenditures), strategies, expectations and goals. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and no duty to update forward-looking statements is assumed. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors, including those set forth in Securities and Exchange Commission filings under "Risk Factors," including risks relating to the need for additional capital and the uncertainty of additional funding; variations in actual sales of Thalomid(R), risks associated with the integration of Miikana and its product candidates; the early-stage products under development; results in preclinical models are not necessarily indicative of clinical results, uncertainties relating to preclinical and clinical trials; success in the clinical development of any products; dependence on third parties; future capital needs; and risks relating to the commercialization, if any, of the Company's proposed products (such as marketing, safety, regulatory, patent, product liability, supply, competition and other risks). (Financial Table Attached) ENTREMED, INC. SUMMARY OF OPERATING RESULTS Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 2005 Total revenues $ 0 $ 579,461 Research and development 4,258,206 3,812,353 General and administrative 1,942,652 1,339,150 Acquired in-process research and development 353,833 0 Net loss (6,025,724) (4,300,210) Net loss per share (basic and diluted) attributable to common shareholders $ (0.09) $ (0.09) Weighted average number of shares outstanding (basic and diluted) 73,194,814 49,819,569 Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 2005 Total revenues $ 0 $ 604,710 Research and development 8,269,306 8,191,709 General and administrative 3,759,346 2,599,972 Acquired in-process research and development 29,481,894 0 Net loss (40,736,427) (9,756,678) Net loss per share (basic and diluted) attributable to common shareholders $ (0.59) $ (0.22) Weighted average number of shares outstanding (basic and diluted) 69,765,434 46,324,989 Cash and short-term investments $ 45,091,175 $43,589,889 CONTACT: Ginny Dunn, Associate Director, Corporate Communications & Investor Relations, of EntreMed, Inc., +1-240-864-2643. Photo: NewsCom: AP Archive: PRN Photo Desk, photodesk@prnewswire.comEntreMed, Inc. CONTACT: Ginny Dunn, Associate Director, Corporate Communications &Investor Relations, of EntreMed, Inc., +1-240-864-2643 Web site:

并购

100 项与 2-Methoxyestradiol 相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	2-Methoxyestradiol	-	DB02342

研发状态

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
多形性胶质母细胞瘤	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2007-04-01
转移性肾细胞癌	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2007-02-01
转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2006-11-01
复发性卵巢癌	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2006-10-01
类癌	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2006-05-01
复发性胶质母细胞瘤	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2006-01-01
复发性多发性骨髓瘤	临床2期	美国	CASI PHARMACEUTICALS INC	2001-03-01
肺损伤	临床前	中国	福建医科大学	2025-05-21

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临床结果

适应症

分期

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


Tandem Meetings ASTCT and CIBMTR2016	临床1/2期	移植物抗宿主病	-	2-Methoxyestradiol	鬱衊鑰選選選壓夢鏇鏇(觸淵壓獵積願衊積蓋網) = preserved the GVL activity against P815 in mouse model 衊製觸憲餘壓選醖齋鬱 (襯膚製顧憲衊醖艱艱艱 ) 更多	积极	2016-03-01
Tandem Meetings ASTCT and CIBMTR2016	临床1/2期	移植物抗宿主病	-	PBS		积极	2016-03-01
ASCO2009	临床2期	转移性肾细胞癌	17	2-methoxyestradiol NanoCrystal dispersion (2ME2)	積鹹構範膚遞範糧鹽製(餘鹹鹹構觸範構簾鹽製) = 簾鹹網鏇構獵繭淵遞積簾獵選簾觸淵顧觸網鬱 (築選窪範鹽衊願選鏇積 ) 更多	-	2009-05-20
NCT00592579 (Pubmed \| Clin Cancer Res)	临床2期	复发性多发性骨髓瘤	60	2-methoxyestradiol	獵淵積觸積醖鹽鹽壓範(淵遞觸鹽憲醖鹽網構選) = 齋壓窪鬱範窪鏇衊壓願鬱齋鑰鏇鹽鹽鹹憲膚選 (艱簾築觸獵蓋願襯蓋艱 )	-	2007-10-15
ASCO2007	临床2期	复发性多发性骨髓瘤	60	2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) 1000 mg daily	構顧糧範壓簾積衊遞鏇(壓襯憲繭築襯網窪壓憲) = 製衊窪鏇齋簾夢簾選積鹽廠壓製範廠觸鹹願壓 (積廠鹽襯醖獵選壓衊築 )	-	2007-06-20