Macrophage extracellular traps (METs) are protein network structures released by macrophages during immune defense initiation and inflammation regulation. Evidence shows that these protein structures can help kill pathogens. However, overproduction of METs can harm organisms. Therefore, novel strategies to inhibit the excessive production of METs during immune reactions need to be developed. This study introduces a novel type of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial nanocomposites (i.e., ZIF-8/Ce@rutin NPs) developed by doping the nanozyme Ce into the antibacterial zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) and then loading the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger rutin via electrostatic adsorption. Results showed that ZIF-8/Ce@rutin exerted bactericidal effects on gram-positive and -negative bacteria, thereby inhibiting MET production from the source. Furthermore, ZIF-8/Ce@rutin scavenged ROS and induced macrophage polarization into the anti-inflammatory M2 type, thereby inhibiting MET progression. This research shows that ZIF-8/Ce@rutin can restrain MET overproduction, providing a theoretical basis for using ZIF-8/Ce@rutin to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases.
