A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of Tesamorelin (GHRH Analog) for Reducing Hepatic Steatosis in Adults With Metabolic Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II study evaluates whether daily subcutaneous tesamorelin (a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog) reduces liver fat in adults with fatty liver disease. Participants receive tesamorelin or matching placebo for 52 weeks, with standardized lifestyle counseling in both groups. Liver fat is quantified by MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Key safety monitoring includes glucose metrics and IGF-1.

开始日期2026-02-02

申办/合作机构

哈德逊（天津）生物技术有限责任公司

NCT06554717

/ Recruiting临床2期IIT

Tesamorelin as an Adjunct to Exercise for Improving Physical Function in HIV

People with HIV experience earlier impairments in physical function compared to people in the general population. They also exhibit an earlier presentation and more rapid development of frailty, a multisystemic syndrome of aging characterized by reduced activity, fatigue, slowness, weakness, and weight loss. While exercise can improve physical function in people with HIV, it is less effective in doing so than in the general population and is difficult to sustain in the long-term.
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether the medication tesamorelin will improve physical function and muscle health in adults with HIV when combined with exercise. Tesamorelin is a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue that is FDA-approved to treat abdominal fat accumulation in people with HIV. While tesamorelin has also been shown to increase muscle mass and improve measures of muscle health, its effects on physical performance and muscle strength have not yet been evaluated.
During a 24-week intervention phase, half of participants will be randomly assigned to receive tesamorelin and half of participants will be randomly assigned to receive placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug). All participants also will engage in a home-based exercise intervention supervised by an exercise coach. During a subsequent 24-week extension phase, individuals will be monitored off study drug and supervised exercise, and be encouraged to continue to exercise independently.
The investigators will investigate effects of tesamorelin on physical function, muscle mass and quality, quality of life, and exercise adherence and self-efficacy. They also will evaluate whether effects of tesamorelin are maintained following treatment cessation. This study may identify an important strategy to improve how individuals aging with HIV function and feel with potential applications to other patient populations.

开始日期2025-07-10

申办/合作机构

The General Hospital Corp.

[+1]

NCT03375788

/ Completed临床2期IIT

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analog to Improve Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Cardiovascular Risk

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in individuals with obesity and is a significant threat to public health, because it can lead to impaired liver function and liver failure. Growth hormone is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that helps regulate metabolism and growth. Individuals with obesity, on average, secrete less growth hormone than individuals without obesity. There are data to suggest that growth hormone may help to reduce the amount of fat in the liver, and may also reduce inflammation in the liver, both of which would be helpful to individuals with NAFLD. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether treatment with a drug called tesamorelin, which is a growth hormone releasing hormone analogue, will decrease liver fat and improve liver inflammation and scarring in obese individuals with NAFLD.

开始日期2019-01-17

申办/合作机构

The General Hospital Corp.

100 项与替莫瑞林相关的临床结果

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100 项与替莫瑞林相关的专利（医药）

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项与替莫瑞林相关的文献（医药）

2026-09-30·Sexual Medicine Reviews

Peptides in urology and sexual medicine: clinical effectiveness, dosing, indications, and safety: a narrative review

Review

作者: Vasylieva, Valeriia ; West, Annette ; Karpman, Edward

Abstract:

Introduction:

Peptide-based therapies are increasingly used in urology and sexual medicine, although adoption is often influenced by off-label prescribing, direct-to-consumer promotion, and limited long-term safety data. We review mechanisms, clinical evidence, dosing, safety, and regulatory status of these agents.

Methods:

A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified studies of peptide-based therapies in sexual medicine. Search terms included Bremelanotide, Melanotan II, Kisspeptin, Oxytocin, PnPP-19, Gonadorelin and growth hormone secretagogues, including GHRP-2, GHRP-6, Ibutamoren, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin, Sermorelin, and CJC-1295. Of 725 records, 76 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings were synthesized narratively given heterogeneity across studies.

Results:

Peptides reviewed act through diverse mechanisms, including central modulation of desire and arousal, stimulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal and growth hormone axes, and nitric oxide–mediated effects on erectile physiology. Bremelanotide and Tesamorelin are the most clinically established agents, with defined dosing and regulatory approval for selected indications. Kisspeptin shows early promise but remains investigational. Growth hormone secretagogues reliably increase growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations; however, evidence for improved sexual function, physical performance, or quality of life remains limited. Melanotan II, Ibutamoren, CJC-1295, and related agents remain accessible through unregulated markets, raising concerns about product quality, dosing variability, and incompletely characterized adverse effects. Oxytocin has biologic plausibility but limited efficacy data, whereas PnPP-19 remains preclinical. Gonadorelin was Food and Drug Administration approved but is no longer manufactured. Across peptide classes, safety data are limited by short follow-up, small samples, and incomplete assessment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncologic outcomes.

Discussion:

Peptide-based therapies in urology and sexual medicine show selective therapeutic potential, but most remain insufficiently validated for clinical use. Clinicians should distinguish approved therapies from investigational and nonregulated compounds and counsel patients regarding uncertain benefit, potential harm, and risks of unsupervised use. Randomized trials with standardized dosing and long-term safety assessment are needed before broader adoption.

2026-01-01·JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry

Article

作者: Nemutlu, Emirhan ; Uçaktürk, Ebru

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its synthetic analogs are considered performance-enhancing substances and are therefore prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The analysis of GHRH and its analogs in urine presents significant analytical challenges due to their inherent in vivo instability, rapid renal clearance, and low urinary concentrations. The present study aimed to develop a robust nano-LC quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry (nano-LC-Q/Orbitrap MS) method for both screening and confirmation analyses of GHRH and its synthetic analogs (sermorelin/CJC-1293, tesamorelin, and CJC-1295) and the primary metabolite of sermorelin in urine, in accordance with WADA requirements. The sample preparation workflow was systematically investigated. Existing solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocols were compared, and two additional commercially available SPE cartridges were evaluated. Within the SPE step, the influence of various washing and elution solvent strengths on peptide recovery was also systematically examined. The effectiveness of different cleanup solvents during the ultrafiltration step was further assessed. Based on these evaluations, a refined approach was developed, incorporating an initial ultrafiltration step followed by SPE. The proposed method was fully validated according to WADA guidelines, assessing key parameters such as selectivity, reliability, limits of detection (LOD), carryover, limits of identification (LOI), robustness, autosampler stability, and matrix effects. The validation results confirmed the method's suitability and robustness for anti-doping testing. Achieved LODs (≤ 0.5 ng/mL) and LOIs (0.5-0.75 ng/mL) demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for effective detection and confirmation analysis of the target peptides in urine.

2026-01-01·Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

Efficacy and Safety of Tesamorelin in People Living With HIV (PLWH) With Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Review

作者: Naeem, Ruqaiya Muhammad ; Abu Dawood, Husam ; Sami, Muhammad Mohsin ; Saddique, Muhammad Nabeel ; Suleman, Muhammad ; Abdul Rafey, Muhammad ; Jahangir, Fahad ; Ditta, Aqsa Mohammed ; Mohammad, Fatima ; Amjad, Muhammad Waqar ; Rizvi, Kehan Ali ; Ali, Hunain

Background:

HIV-associated lipodystrophy, a complication of combined antiretroviral therapy (CART), causes significant physical and psychological distress in people living with HIV (PLWH), compromising treatment adherence. Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue, has emerged as a therapeutic option.

Objective:

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in HIV-infected individuals with lipodystrophy receiving CART, incorporating GRADE assessment.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, https://ClinicalTrials.gov , and Scopus from inception to February 9, 2026, for randomized controlled trials evaluating tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models with heterogeneity assessed by I 2 .

Results:

Four RCTs (909 patients) were included. Tesamorelin 2mg significantly reduced visceral adipose tissue (MD= -21.47, 95%CI[-34.73,-8.22],I 2 =74%,p=0.002), waist circumference (MD-1.61cm,95% CI[-2.28,-0.95],I 2 =0%,p<0.00001), trunk fat (MD-1.20kg, 95%CI[-1.47,-0.93],I 2 =0%,p<0.00001), and increased lean body mass (MD1.42kg,95% CI[1.13,1.71],I 2 =0%,p<0.00001). Modest lipid improvements occurred in total cholesterol (MD-0.16mmol/L,95%CI[-0.27,-0.06],I 2 =0%,p=0.003). Growth hormone-related adverse effects and higher discontinuation rates (RR2.25,95%CI[0.98,5.17],p=0.06) were observed.

Conclusions:

Tesamorelin demonstrates efficacy in reducing visceral adiposity in PLWH with lipodystrophy on CART. However, limited data on long-term safety, optimal dosing strategies, and durability of treatment effects warrant caution. Future research should evaluate extended treatment duration, dose-response relationships, and patient-reported outcomes to establish comprehensive clinical utility.

项与替莫瑞林相关的新闻（医药）

2026-10-17

·时光变体

长寿医学前沿｜肽类药物深度解析｜AI医疗与健康产业 2026年10月8日，哈佛大学医学院遗传学教授、著名衰老研究学者 David Sinclair 在《Lifespan Magazine》发表长文《The Peptide Era Has Arrived》（肽类药物时代已经到来），系统分析了目前在美国迅速流行的十余种肽类药物，包括司美格鲁肽、Retatrutide、BPC-157、TB-500、CJC-1295、Ipamorelin、MOTS-c、GHK-Cu、Epitalon、Semax，以及针对线粒体疾病的 SS-31。文章不仅涉及这些肽类的作用机制、人体研究和安全性，还讨论了2026年美国FDA的监管争议，以及从肽类注射进一步走向基因治疗的新趋势。 Sinclair认为，肽类药物正在经历从实验室研究到大众健康市场的快速转变。其中一部分已经成为具有重要临床价值的药物，另一部分却在尚未建立充分人体证据的情况下，进入长寿诊所、健身房和网络灰色市场。这场热潮让一个更值得讨论的问题浮出水面：健康和长寿，为什么越来越被包装成只有富人才玩得起的游戏？在美国，一些高端长寿中心出售价格昂贵的多组学检测、生物年龄评估、营养补充剂、静脉输注和实验性再生医学治疗。企业家 Bryan Johnson 早期以每年约200万美元投入健康优化的形象，更让公众产生一种印象：维持年轻、延缓衰老似乎需要巨额财富和一支私人医疗团队。但科学证据未必支持这种消费逻辑。很多真正有效的干预，其实并不昂贵。规律运动、科学饮食、足够睡眠、适当补充确实缺乏的营养素，以及在符合适应症时使用常规药物，能够对健康产生真实而持久的影响。部分价格不高的仿制药，甚至比昂贵的所谓抗衰老疗法拥有更充分的长期临床证据。与此同时，肽类药物的技术进步正在创造新的可能：过去难以控制的代谢和生理状态，有机会通过更加精准的药物得到改善。AI又开始改变新药发现、健康数据分析和医学知识获取的成本结构。这可能带来一场深刻的产业变革：高价未必代表有效，技术先进未必必须昂贵；而那些靠信息不对称和复杂包装维持溢价的长寿服务，可能越来越难以说服消费者。但肽类药物也绝不等于可以随意购买、注射的廉价抗衰老产品。很多流行的实验性肽仍然缺乏可靠的人体证据，甚至连长期安全性都没有建立。本文以 Sinclair 原文为基础，详细梳理这些肽类药物究竟有什么作用、哪些已经获得临床验证、哪些只是早期研究，以及为什么 AI 时代可能使真正有效的健康管理逐渐脱离高端长寿诊所，走向更广泛的大众市场。一、为什么肽类药物突然成为长寿医学的新热点？1. 肽类并不是新技术，但我们调控它们的能力正在发生变化肽（Peptide）是由氨基酸通过肽键连接形成的分子。短肽通常只有几个到几十个氨基酸，但肽与蛋白质之间没有完全统一的长度分界。人体内许多重要的生理信号本身就是肽类，包括胰岛素、胰高血糖素、催产素和多种激素相关调节分子。它们通过与细胞表面的受体结合，调节能量代谢、生长、组织功能和细胞间通讯。传统小分子药物可以通过多种方式调节细胞功能，而肽类药物常常能够模拟人体内源性的信号分子，对特定受体产生相对明确的作用。这种机制上的特点，使肽类具有很大的治疗潜力。但它们也存在不少技术障碍。天然肽在体内可能迅速被酶降解，很多无法通过口服有效吸收，需要注射；部分肽还可能存在聚集、免疫原性和生产质量控制问题。过去几十年，科学家通过脂肪酸修饰、非天然氨基酸替换、环化、长效制剂和新型递送技术，逐渐克服了部分困难。 GLP-1类药物的成功，就是这些技术积累的集中体现。司美格鲁肽通过分子修饰获得了适合每周给药的药代动力学特征；替尔泊肽则同时激活GIP和GLP-1受体，使单个分子能够调控多个代谢信号通路。因此，今天肽类药物的革命并不是突然发现了肽，而是研究人员已经能够更精准地设计肽分子的受体作用、稳定性和体内持续时间。2. Retatrutide：三重受体激动剂让减重效果接近30% puretestedpeptides.com Sinclair在文章开篇特别提到了礼来公司开发的 Retatrutide。与主要作用于GLP-1受体的司美格鲁肽，以及同时作用于GLP-1和GIP受体的替尔泊肽不同，Retatrutide同时激活三种受体：GLP-1、GIP和胰高血糖素受体。这三种信号在食欲调控、葡萄糖代谢、能量消耗和脂肪代谢中具有不同作用。通过组合调节，研究人员希望获得更强的代谢治疗效果。在礼来2026年公布的TRIUMPH-1 III期试验结果中，最高剂量组经过80周治疗，平均体重下降达到28.3%。这是一个非常引人注目的数字，但仍需要结合具体受试者群体、剂量、停药率、不良事件及完整试验数据进行解释。研究之间也不能简单按照体重下降百分比进行药物排名。药物主要靶点代表性研究报告的体重下降司美格鲁肽 GLP-1 STEP-1：68周约14.9% 替尔泊肽 GIP＋GLP-1 SURMOUNT-1：72周最高剂量约20.9% Retatrutide GIP＋GLP-1＋胰高血糖素 TRIUMPH-1：80周最高剂量28.3% 研究人群、治疗时间、分析方法及试验设计存在差异，不能直接用于头对头疗效比较。Retatrutide数据为2026年公布的研发结果，不代表该药已获FDA批准。 GLP-1药物的意义不仅是让人减肥。更重要的是，它们证明了经过充分设计和临床验证的肽类药物，能够直接改变复杂的生理调控过程。人类控制体重的困难并不完全来自意志力不足。食欲、饱腹感、神经内分泌反馈和遗传因素共同决定了个体的体重调节状态。对于部分患者，长期生活方式干预仍然难以克服生物学反馈。高效代谢药物的出现，使临床医生拥有了新的工具。但药物也无法替代全部健康管理：减重可能伴随瘦体重下降，停药后可能反弹，长期保持力量、心肺适能和健康生活习惯仍然重要。尤其值得注意的是，Sinclair提醒，Retatrutide在尚未完成监管审批时，就已出现在灰色销售市场。临床试验中药物的疗效，不能证明网上购买的所谓同名产品具有正确的纯度、剂量和成分。二、Sinclair详细讨论的肽类：哪些有用，哪些被过度宣传？1. BPC-157：最火的组织修复肽，人体证据却极其有限 BPC-157（Body Protection Compound-157）是一种合成的15氨基酸肽，在健身、损伤恢复和生物黑客领域非常流行。它的主要宣传用途包括肌腱、韧带及肌肉损伤恢复、胃肠道黏膜修复和炎症控制。一些动物实验报告了组织修复和血管生成相关变化，成为商业宣传的主要科学依据。问题是，这些实验结果距离证明人体治疗有效，还有很长的距离。 Sinclair引用的一项关于膝关节疼痛的研究缺乏充分对照，另一项静脉使用安全性初步研究仅涉及两个人。这种规模的研究既无法可靠证明疗效，也无法识别低频或长期不良反应。 2026年，路透社还报道，医疗记录分析中记录到的BPC-157使用人数在2020年至2026年间增长约33倍。需要注意，这是特定数据中记录使用者数量的变化，并不是全美实际使用人数增加33倍的准确估计。这一现象值得警惕：市场可能比临床研究扩张得快得多。 BPC-157并非一定没有治疗价值。未来若能通过高质量随机试验证明它对某类组织损伤有益，就可能成为有意义的新药。但在现阶段，把它宣传为已经被证明有效的通用修复治疗，显然超出了证据。潜在安全问题还包括免疫反应、制剂杂质，以及长期影响细胞迁移和组织修复信号可能产生的未知后果。与肿瘤相关的担忧目前仍属于理论或机制层面的疑问，不能据此断言BPC-157会导致癌症。2. TB-500：市场销售的产品，可能根本不是研究中的分子 TB-500经常和BPC-157一起使用，被称为“Wolverine Stack”，即所谓金刚狼修复组合。 TB-500与胸腺素β4（Thymosin β4）相关。后者是一种参与肌动蛋白调节、细胞迁移和组织修复的内源性分子，长期以来受到组织再生研究领域关注。但Sinclair提出了一个重要的分子身份问题：商业市场中的TB-500，并不一定等同于实验室研究使用的完整胸腺素β4。 2012年一项分析研究在被称为TB-500的产品中识别出胸腺素β4的短片段，即其第17至23位氨基酸对应的七肽。这意味着，即使完整胸腺素β4在一些人体研究中表现出特定作用，也不能把这些结果直接套用到短片段。对于肽类药物，几个氨基酸的变化就可能改变受体结合、稳定性、生物分布和功能。完整分子的研究结果，更不能自动用于成分身份不清楚的网络产品。因此，TB-500面临双重证据问题：一是人体治疗有效性没有充分确立，二是商业产品的真实分子身份和质量可能存在差异。3. CJC-1295与Ipamorelin：促进生长激素，为什么未必抗衰老？ renuehealth.com CJC-1295是一种长效生长激素释放激素类似物，通过相关受体促进垂体分泌生长激素。Ipamorelin则通过胃饥饿素受体相关机制发挥生长激素促分泌作用。与BPC-157相比，这两种肽至少具有比较明确的人体药效学证据。 2006年的CJC-1295研究显示，该分子可以提高健康成年人血液中的生长激素和IGF-1水平；早期Ipamorelin人体研究也观察到了生长激素分泌反应。但这里存在一个常被忽略的逻辑问题：提高生长激素，不等于延缓衰老。生长激素和IGF-1参与组织生长、蛋白质合成和代谢调节，但生长信号并不是越高越好。在多种小鼠模型中，降低生长激素信号反而与寿命延长有关。厄瓜多尔一种遗传性生长激素受体缺陷人群的研究，也发现其癌症和糖尿病发生情况具有特殊特点。这些发现不能直接证明抑制生长激素会让普通人长寿，但足以反驳将生长激素水平提高直接等同于年轻化的简单假设。此外，人体生长激素干预研究曾报告水肿、关节症状和糖耐量异常等不良事件。虽然不能将生长激素注射的风险直接等同于所有促分泌肽的风险，但它说明长期激活这一通路需要谨慎。 CJC-1295和Ipamorelin可能影响特定生理指标，但目前缺乏足够的临床证据证明它们能够改善健康成年人的长期功能或延长寿命。4. Tesamorelin：有批准适应证，但不能推广成普通减脂药 Tesamorelin也是一种生长激素释放激素类似物，但它与上述实验性肽的重要区别是：已经针对明确的疾病相关适应证完成临床开发，并获得美国FDA批准。其用途是减少成人HIV相关脂肪营养不良所致的过多腹部脂肪。这种脂肪分布异常并不等同于普通肥胖，相关治疗的受益人群也不同。尽管Tesamorelin可以对内脏脂肪产生影响，但不能因此被宣传为适合所有人的减肥或抗衰老药物。其风险包括IGF-1升高、水肿、关节疼痛、糖代谢异常和超敏反应，活动性恶性肿瘤也是重要禁忌。这类案例非常具有代表性：一种药物可以在特定适应证下有效，却不意味着它能安全、有效地改善健康人的衰老状态。5. SS-31：线粒体靶向肽终于取得监管突破 SS-31，也称Elamipretide，是Sinclair文章中非常值得重视的分子。它与MOTS-c等线粒体衍生肽不同。SS-31不是由线粒体自身编码产生的信号肽，而是一种人工设计的线粒体靶向肽。它能够与线粒体内膜相关结构相互作用，研究重点涉及心磷脂及线粒体内膜功能。线粒体功能障碍与多种疾病及衰老相关变化有关，因此SS-31很早就受到关注。但许多线粒体相关治疗即使具有合理机制，也很难在人体随机试验中证明稳定的临床获益。 2025年9月，FDA对Elamipretide给予加速批准，用于改善体重至少30公斤的Barth综合征患者的肌肉力量。该罕见病与线粒体相关脂质代谢异常有关。获批依据主要来自膝伸肌力量这一中间临床终点，后续仍需确证临床获益。研究规模有限，也不能直接证明SS-31对一般老年人或健康人的线粒体功能具有广泛改善作用。 SS-31的重要性在于，它证明线粒体靶向肽可以进入正式疾病治疗体系，而不仅仅停留在动物实验。但从罕见病适应证跨越到普通人抗衰老，仍然需要全新的临床证据。6. MOTS-c：线粒体自己产生的肽，可能是重要的细胞信号 MOTS-c是整篇文章中基础生物学最值得深入探讨的分子之一。人体线粒体具有自己的小型环状基因组。过去，人们主要关注线粒体DNA编码的呼吸链相关蛋白，但近年来的研究发现，线粒体基因组还可能编码一些具有细胞调节作用的小肽。 2001年发现的Humanin是该领域的重要早期成果。2015年，研究人员进一步报道了MOTS-c，并发现它参与代谢稳态和应激反应。 MOTS-c由16个氨基酸组成，研究发现它可以影响叶酸和嘌呤代谢，并与AMPK相关信号联系起来。 2018年的工作进一步指出，在代谢压力条件下，MOTS-c能够参与线粒体与细胞核之间的通讯，并影响核基因表达。这非常有意思，因为它意味着线粒体不仅是被细胞核指挥的能量生产系统，还可能主动发送自身代谢状态相关的信息。 2021年《Nature Communications》的一项研究又将MOTS-c与运动反应、肌肉稳态和年龄相关体能下降联系起来。动物研究显示了令人关注的功能变化。 Sinclair还回顾了这一研究领域的发展。Pinchas Cohen及其合作团队参与推动了线粒体衍生肽研究，相关分子家族包括Humanin、SHLPs、SHMOOSE和MENTSH等。但他同时强调，研究体内天然MOTS-c的变化，与给人体注射人工合成MOTS-c，是两个不同问题。人体运动相关研究不能直接证明外源性注射可以提高健康寿命。 MOTS-c最有价值的是它可能揭示了新的代谢和细胞通讯机制，而不是目前已经成为成熟的抗衰老注射产品。7. GHK-Cu：护肤有一定依据，全身年轻化则缺少证据 GHK-Cu是一种铜结合三肽，常见于护肤产品，主要被宣传用于改善皮肤老化、创伤修复和促进生发。与许多其他肽不同，GHK-Cu的外用研究具有一定历史，一些实验涉及皮肤基质、组织修复和皮肤外观。但不同研究的结果并不完全一致。 Sinclair特别提到2006年一项在二氧化碳激光换肤后开展的小型随机研究。虽然使用者满意度有所改善，但研究者并没有观察到皱纹、红斑或总体皮肤质量的显著额外改善。这意味着GHK-Cu并非完全没有科学依据，但其临床证据也没有商业营销描述得那么强。而且，即使某种外用肽可以产生一定皮肤改善，也不能说明皮下注射或静脉注射同一分子能够实现全身年轻化。局部皮肤改善、短期保湿和皱纹外观变化，与真正的皮肤结构重塑及长期组织年轻化之间，仍然存在重要差别。8. Epitalon：端粒延长的实验结果，距离人体长寿还有多远？ Epitalon是一种合成四肽，长期被宣传为具有改善睡眠、调节端粒和延长寿命的潜力。它的研究历史与俄罗斯衰老研究有关，商业宣传经常援引一些早期实验及人体观察性资料。但Sinclair提出了两个重要问题。第一，合成Epitalon不能与动物松果体提取物Epithalamin混为一谈。部分被用于支持Epitalon的早期人体资料，实际研究的是不同产品。第二，端粒生物学非常复杂。2025年的一项细胞研究发现，Epitalon能够通过端粒酶相关机制或其他端粒维持途径改变某些培养细胞的端粒长度，其中包括乳腺癌细胞系。这个发现具有基础研究意义，但绝不能直接解释为给人体注射Epitalon能够安全延长全身细胞端粒。端粒酶活性与细胞增殖能力密切相关，许多恶性肿瘤也利用端粒维持机制实现持续增殖。研究中观察到端粒延长，并不自动意味着治疗有益。目前没有令人信服的人体临床证据证明Epitalon可以延长寿命，也缺乏充分的长期安全性数据。9. Semax：存在人体临床研究，但不能证明健康人大脑年轻化 Semax是一种基于促肾上腺皮质激素ACTH片段设计的合成七肽，在俄罗斯及部分周边地区有较长的研究和使用历史。与很多近期突然流行的实验性肽不同，Semax并非完全没有人体研究。 Sinclair提到，1997年俄罗斯研究人员曾比较30名接受Semax治疗的卒中患者与80名接受常规治疗的患者，报告了部分神经功能恢复方面的改善，包括运动功能。但这项研究规模较小，所报告的摘要没有充分描述随机化和盲法设计。因此，这些数据最多说明Semax可能值得在神经损伤恢复领域进一步研究，不能证明它可以增强健康成年人的认知表现，或预防正常脑衰老。尤其需要警惕的是，将某种药物在卒中、脑损伤等特定疾病中的研究结果，直接扩大为健康人通用的脑年轻化产品。10. Cerebrolysin：有多年临床历史，不等于疗效已经明确 Cerebrolysin是一种来源于猪脑的肽和氨基酸混合制剂，在部分东欧和亚洲国家曾用于神经系统疾病相关治疗。它与单一序列、结构明确的合成肽有所不同，属于复杂的生物来源制剂。过去几十年，一些研究调查了其对卒中、脑损伤及认知障碍的影响，但结论并不一致。 2023年的Cochrane系统综述针对急性缺血性卒中指出，没有令人信服的证据表明Cerebrolysin能够降低死亡率，并发现非致死性严重不良事件可能增加。这说明一种产品即使拥有很长的临床使用历史，也不能自动认定其安全有效。更不能将疾病治疗研究推论为健康人的认知年轻化或长寿治疗。11. KPV：只有三个氨基酸，但人体应用仍属于早期 KPV由赖氨酸、脯氨酸和缬氨酸三个氨基酸组成，是α-MSH相关序列中的一个短片段。它受到关注，主要因为动物实验观察到了抗炎相关作用，尤其是在肠道炎症和皮肤炎症研究中。 2008年的小鼠结肠炎模型研究提示，KPV具有值得继续研究的抗炎潜力。但临床前抗炎效果不等于人体炎症性肠病治疗有效，更不能推广成通用的系统性抗炎或抗衰老注射方案。 KPV代表了目前肽类市场的一类典型产品：分子结构简单，基础机制具有吸引力，但人体有效性、安全性和给药方式都尚未充分确立。三、十余种热门肽的证据与监管状况，一张表看清肽类主要用途或研究方向人体证据美国FDA状态司美格鲁肽肥胖、糖尿病及特定风险人群的心血管获益大型随机试验已获批特定适应证替尔泊肽肥胖、糖尿病等大型随机试验已获批特定适应证 Retatrutide 三重受体代谢治疗 III期数据 2026年10月仍为研发药物 Tesamorelin HIV相关过多腹部脂肪随机临床试验已获批特定适应证 SS-31 Barth综合征肌力改善小规模人体试验 2025年加速批准 CJC-1295 生长激素刺激人体药效学已验证未获批 Ipamorelin 生长激素刺激人体药效学已验证未获批 BPC-157 组织损伤修复极少量非充分对照研究未获批 TB-500 组织修复商业产品疗效未确立未获批 GHK-Cu 皮肤修复及美容有限外用研究无获批药品 MOTS-c 代谢、运动及应激调节外源性治疗证据不足未获批 Epitalon 端粒及衰老研究主要为细胞实验未获批 Semax 神经系统疾病及认知有限地区性人体研究未获FDA批准 Cerebrolysin 卒中、脑损伤、认知障碍人体结果不一致未获FDA批准 KPV 抗炎、肠道与皮肤主要为临床前证据未获批根据Sinclair原文及其引用的研究整理。FDA批准针对具体制剂和适应证，不代表同名配制产品获批。人体药效学证据也不等于疾病治疗或抗衰老疗效已经确立。这张表揭示出一个重要现象：市场热度与证据强度之间，并不存在可靠的正相关关系。某些拥有真正临床证据的药物，主要用于治疗明确疾病；而在长寿社群里受到高度追捧的分子，反而可能尚处于细胞或动物研究阶段。消费者不应按照社交媒体热度、注射价格或所谓“抗衰老机制数量”来评价一种肽的医学价值。四、Sinclair实验室的新方向：从人类基因组中寻找尚未被发现的肽 Sinclair文章中还有一个特别值得关注、此前商业讨论容易忽视的内容：他自己的实验室正在寻找隐藏在人类基因组中的新型短肽。1. 所谓“垃圾DNA”可能包含被忽略的编码区域传统基因组注释主要关注经典蛋白编码基因，其中开放阅读框往往被识别为产生功能蛋白质的区域。但近年来的研究发现，一些过去被认为不具有编码潜力的短开放阅读框（small ORFs），实际上可能产生具有生物学活性的微蛋白或短肽。这些分子可能因为长度太短、表达量过低、半衰期短，或仅在特定细胞状态下产生，而被传统蛋白质检测方法忽略。这一领域有时被称为暗蛋白质组（Dark Proteome）研究。 Sinclair表示，他的实验室开发了名为GeneFinder的研究程序，试图识别此前未被充分注释的编码区域，并在尚未正式发表的研究中，从人体血清中发现了数百种潜在肽类候选物，正在调查它们是否具有年轻化相关性质。这里有三个关键问题：这些肽由什么组织产生？它们是否与特定受体结合？它们究竟影响哪些细胞功能？任何一种新发现的肽，只有在回答这些问题之后，才可能进一步进入药物研发。2. 新型内源性肽可能提供新的干预靶点这一方向的吸引力在于，人体自身可能存在比目前已知激素更加庞大的短肽通讯网络。某些短肽可能只在运动、饥饿、感染、组织损伤或其他特定应激条件下表达，因此常规静态检测未必能够发现。如果能够建立这些分子与受体、信号通路和组织反应之间的因果联系，未来就有机会设计作用更加精准的合成类似物。但“发现数百种候选肽”不意味着已经发现数百种抗衰老药物。许多候选物最终可能不具有明确功能，或只有非常有限的生理作用。这也是AI可能真正发挥作用的地方：在大量潜在短肽序列中，结合蛋白质结构、生物活性预测和实验数据，筛选值得优先验证的候选分子。与其把尚未获证实的肽直接包装成高价长寿产品，不如建立更加高效的机制发现和实验验证体系。五、肽类热潮的下一步：让身体自己制造肽，而不是反复注射1. Follistatin与基因递送，正在进入激进长寿实践 Sinclair原文还有一段非常重要的讨论：如果一种蛋白质或肽确实有益，为什么必须反复注射？能否直接向人体细胞提供遗传指令，让细胞持续生产这种分子？这就从肽类药物进入了基因治疗的领域。文中以Follistatin为例。Follistatin是一种能够结合并调节Activin、Myostatin等相关信号的蛋白质。由于Myostatin参与抑制肌肉生长，因此通过调节相关通路增加肌肉质量，一直是肌肉疾病和运动生物学的重要研究方向。 Minicircle等机构正在尝试利用非病毒质粒形式的基因递送，使人体持续表达Follistatin。 Sinclair指出，Bryan Johnson曾在洪都拉斯Roatán岛的一家境外诊所接受这类实验性干预。这并不能证明其有效或安全，但反映出一部分长寿产业正在绕过传统临床开发路径，尝试更加激进的生物学干预。 2026年，Minicircle还入选了XPRIZE Healthspan竞赛公布的20支决赛团队之一。该竞赛希望通过临床研究评估对50至80岁人群肌肉、认知和免疫功能的影响。入选研究竞赛说明其方案获得了进一步验证的机会，但不等于其治疗已经被证明有效。2. 相比普通肽注射，持续表达的基因治疗可能面临更复杂的风险肽类药物通常会在一定时间内被代谢和清除。即使采用长效设计，药物暴露也往往能够通过停止进一步给药而逐步下降。基因递送则可能导致细胞在较长时间内持续产生蛋白质，其表达水平和持续时间取决于递送载体与具体设计。一旦出现不希望发生的作用，停止注射不一定能够立即终止体内蛋白质生产。对于Follistatin这种影响多个相关信号通路的蛋白质，长期提高其水平还可能产生复杂的组织效应，不能只看到肌肉增长的潜在收益。 Sinclair同时提到了Klotho。这个与动物寿命、认知功能和年龄相关生理变化有关的蛋白质，在小鼠和部分非人灵长类研究中显示出有趣的结果。但Klotho的作用同样可能依赖剂量、组织分布和作用时间。动物研究观察到功能改善，并不意味着健康人长期过量表达就是安全和有效的。这为未来的长寿基因治疗提出了更高要求：不能只追求表达某一种所谓长寿蛋白，还必须确保组织选择性、剂量控制、表达持续时间和安全性。六、2026年美国肽类监管争议：让成年人自由使用，还是坚持临床证据？1. FDA针对七种实验性肽展开讨论 2026年7月，美国FDA药房配制咨询委员会讨论了包括BPC-157、KPV、TB-500、MOTS-c、Semax、Epitalon和Emideltide在内的多种肽类，研究是否将它们纳入特定药房配制原料清单。这一争论具有鲜明的现实意义。支持扩大获取渠道的一方认为，对于具有初步生物学合理性、但尚未完成漫长临床试验的分子，应当在一定条件下允许成年人自主决定是否使用。另一方强调，医学发展史上充满了动物研究效果良好、进入人体后却被证明无效甚至有害的案例。只有通过可靠临床试验，才能真正了解药物的风险收益比。 Sinclair的态度并非简单否定早期探索。他认可创新速度以及公众探索生物学的兴趣，但强调这些探索应该提高人们对临床证据的要求，而不是降低标准。2. 必须区分获批药物、合法配制药物与灰色市场产品这是普通消费者尤其需要理解的区别。 FDA批准药物意味着监管机构已经针对具体生产商、制剂、质量要求和适应证审查了相关证据。药房配制药物可能在符合法律条件下提供个体化制剂，但配制完成的药品本身并不等于获得FDA批准。仅供科研使用的网络产品则不能因为标签上写有“Research Use Only”就自动获得人体注射资格。这些区别并不是单纯的法律文字游戏，而涉及十分实际的风险。例如，购买的粉末是否真的是标签所写的肽？含量是否正确？是否无菌？是否存在内毒素？是否混有合成副产物或已经降解？多个肽类联合使用时是否发生相互作用？这些问题都可能影响安全性。 Sinclair还提到了澳大利亚一例令人警惕的事件：有产品以Retatrutide名义销售，但检测发现其中实际含有司美格鲁肽，相关使用者出现严重呕吐并发生食管撕裂。这类案例提醒消费者，未经验证的网络注射制剂，风险不仅来自所声称的分子本身，还来自无法确认的实际成分和质量。3. 肽类热潮已经从美国扩散到全球 Sinclair观察到，肽类治疗正在美国洛杉矶、纽约等城市的高端美容、体型管理和长寿服务中迅速流行。部分机构将肽类与NAD⁺输注、谷胱甘肽注射和其他健康优化项目打包销售。在印度，相关市场也开始扩张。原文提到，班加罗尔一次计划举办的所谓“Peptide Party”在取消之前， reportedly 已吸引超过200人报名。这种现象非常值得反思：药物使用逐渐被转化成一种社交活动和生活方式消费，而复杂的长期药理风险则可能被淡化。真正的医学进步当然应当推动治疗可及性，但商业普及不能替代临床验证。七、长寿不应是富人的游戏：被高价商业模式掩盖的健康经济学肽类药物的科学研究值得关注，但更加深刻的变化发生在长寿产业的经济结构上。今天的长寿市场存在一个明显的矛盾：真正拥有长期临床证据的许多干预并不昂贵，而一些昂贵的所谓抗衰老服务，却未能证明自己能够提供超出基础健康管理的实际收益。1. 很多最有效的健康措施，早就可以低成本实现提高心肺适能、规律力量训练、长期保持合理体重、改善饮食、控制高血压、减少烟草暴露和改善睡眠，都具有明确的健康价值。对特定人群，价格相对低廉的仿制他汀类药物、降压药及其他标准化疾病治疗，能够降低真实的临床事件风险。对于存在明确营养缺乏的人，维生素D、维生素B12、铁剂或其他必要补充剂，也可能具有很高的成本效益。肌酸等部分价格合理的补充剂，在运动表现及力量训练领域同样有较成熟的研究基础。不过，便宜并不等于每个人都需要使用。营养充足的人未必能从额外补充中受益，没有治疗指征的人也不应该随意服用处方药。我们追求的是证据支持下的合理干预，而不是把昂贵补充剂组合替换成另一套便宜但同样不必要的产品。2. 为什么商家不积极推广这些高性价比措施？原因在很大程度上与商业模式有关。普通运动、健康饮食和多数成熟仿制药，本身并不具有很高的独家利润空间。消费者可以自行实施，或通过常规医疗服务获得。相比之下，一项尚未被充分验证、但名称复杂的新型治疗，可能被包装为专有技术，通过会员制、联合检测和多次疗程获得较高收入。有些所谓高端长寿产品的真正竞争优势，并不是医学效果，而是消费者难以判断其科学证据。价格越高、服务越复杂，反而可能让消费者产生治疗更先进的印象。当然，这不意味着所有高价服务都没有价值。复杂疾病管理、高水平医疗团队、长期随访和真正先进的治疗技术，确实可能需要较高成本。但判断高价是否合理，关键应该是有没有明确的额外医学价值，而不是诊所的装修、检测数量或品牌定位。3. AI正在减少长寿医学的信息不对称过去，普通消费者很难独立阅读大量临床研究，更难识别细胞实验、动物研究、小规模人体试验与高质量随机临床试验之间的证据差异。 AI正在降低这种知识获取门槛。一个人可以借助AI比较不同药物的临床证据、查找原始研究、理解药物不良反应、识别不合理的营销宣传，并根据自己的健康需求准备与医生讨论的问题。虽然AI仍可能出现错误，不能取代医疗专业判断，但它可以使消费者更加主动地参与健康决策。未来，如果AI进一步与可穿戴设备、家庭监测和长期健康记录结合，低成本个体化健康管理可能变得更加可行。这对长寿诊所的影响非常明显：如果其主要服务只是将公开医学知识重新包装成昂贵的报告，那么随着信息成本下降，其溢价能力也会受到挑战。真正具有竞争优势的医疗机构，必须提供难以被普通信息工具替代的价值，例如专业诊断、复杂风险评估、医疗决策、长期干预执行和真实的临床结局改善。4. AI设计肽类药物，还可能进一步降低研发成本 AI的影响不仅发生在健康咨询端，也正在进入分子研发。通过蛋白质结构预测、肽序列生成、受体结合评估和多目标优化，研究人员可以在合成之前筛选大量候选分子。例如，2026年发表于《Nature Machine Intelligence》的ApexGO研究展示了生成式AI辅助抗菌肽优化的可能性。研究人员通过计算设计和实验验证，证明AI可以参与具有明确功能的分子改进。不过，AI并不能自动消除药品生产、临床试验和监管审批成本。技术真正成熟后，一部分药物的发现和早期优化成本可能下降，市场竞争也可能推动价格降低。但这是否转化为大众负担得起的药物，还取决于专利、制造、保险和支付体系。即便如此，方向已经十分明确：先进生物医药技术不一定永远属于大型药企和少数高收入人群，AI可能逐步降低参与创新的门槛。八、改善健康指标并不等于逆转衰老：必须守住最后一道科学界限随着GLP-1药物的成功，以及多种新的肽类进入市场，长寿医学面临一个越来越突出的问题：是不是所有改善代谢、炎症或生物年龄评分的药物，都能被称为抗衰老药物？答案显然不能如此简单。治疗肥胖能够改善多种代谢异常，控制高血压可以减少卒中风险，降低血脂可以减少部分心血管事件。这些治疗可能显著改善健康寿命。但它们并不一定直接改变人体内在衰老过程。例如，一位肥胖患者接受治疗后，炎症水平下降、代谢指标改善，血液蛋白质组生物年龄模型可能显示其年龄变小。这种结果可能具有临床意义，但不能证明人体DNA损伤已经修复、体细胞突变负担已经下降，或多个器官的细胞状态已经得到真正重置。因此，长寿医学应当区分三个不同目标：治疗明确疾病、改善人体健康功能，以及真正干预衰老相关的深层机制。它们可以相互关联，但不能简单画等号。对于普通消费者，使用价格合理、具有真实临床获益的治疗，可能比追求昂贵的所谓生物年龄下降更值得。对于科研机构，真正有价值的创新则在于发现新的疾病机制和衰老干预靶点，并通过严格实验及人体研究验证其作用。换句话说，未来真正具有高技术壁垒的长寿医学，仍可能需要大量研究投入；但普通人获得健康收益，并不应该以购买昂贵、未经验证的所谓年轻化治疗为前提。九、结论：最值得期待的不是富人拥有更多抗衰老技术，而是有效医学的普及 Sinclair在文章结尾表达了对肽类研究发展的期待：今天许多热门肽最终可能失败，一部分也许只对很狭窄的适应证有价值，另一些可能暴露出目前尚未识别的风险，但其中少数可能发展为真正重要的药物。这个判断非常值得认同。科学发展需要探索，但探索不应该成为高价商业化的借口。真正有前景的肽类，需要从机制研究、药代动力学、质量控制和人体试验逐步建立证据。而从更广泛的健康产业角度看，我们应该重新审视一种流行已久的观念：健康和长寿似乎需要巨额财富才能获得。事实并非如此。在很大程度上，真正有效的健康管理早已存在于常规医疗和日常生活中。它可能需要长期坚持，却不一定需要大量资金；它可能并不新奇，却拥有比许多昂贵抗衰老疗法更可靠的临床证据。随着肽类药物继续发展，未来可能有更多生理功能能够通过精准治疗改善。AI进一步降低医学知识、数据分析和新药研发的成本，也可能改变今天长寿产业的信息壁垒与商业利润结构。这将使高端长寿诊所面临一个越来越尖锐的问题：如果普通人可以通过科学生活方式管理、价格合理的常规药物、真正有必要的补充剂，以及未来更多经过验证的肽类治疗，获得大部分可以实现的健康收益，那么昂贵长寿服务究竟还能提供什么额外价值？能够证明额外临床收益的服务依然有价值；仅仅依赖高价包装、复杂概念和漂亮生物年龄数字的服务，则可能越来越难以持续。长寿不应该是一场以金钱决定参与资格的游戏。真正的医学进步，也不应该以维持健康的稀缺性为目标。肽类药物和AI医学最重要的潜在影响，不是让富人的抗衰老菜单更加昂贵，而是让越来越多经过验证的有效治疗，能够以合理的成本被普通人获得。真正值得投资的长寿科学，应当探索如何减少疾病、保持人体功能，并最终安全地干预深层衰老机制；真正值得发展的长寿产业，则应当让这种科学进步转化为普通人的健康收益。贵的不一定有效，有效的不一定昂贵。未来长寿医学的价值，将越来越取决于证据和效果，而不再只是价格与包装。主要参考资料 Sinclair DA. The Peptide Era Has Arrived. Lifespan Magazine, October 8, 2026.原文链接。 Teichman SL, et al. Prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion by CJC-1295 in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. Guevara-Aguirre J, et al. Growth hormone receptor deficiency is associated with a major reduction in pro-aging signaling, cancer, and diabetes in humans. Science Translational Medicine. 2011. Lee C, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2015. Kim KH, et al. The mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress. Cell Metabolism. 2018. Reynolds JC, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nature Communications. 2021. Al-dulaimi S, et al. Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. Biogerontology. 2025. Miller TR, et al. Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on CO2 laser-resurfaced skin. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery. 2006. Ziganshina LE, et al. Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023. U.S. FDA. FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to First Treatment for Barth Syndrome. 2025. U.S. FDA. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting, July 23–24, 2026. XPRIZE Foundation. 20 Healthspan Finalist Teams Advance in the Race to Extend Healthy Aging. 2026. 科学说明：本文讨论的是不同肽类的已知研究证据，不构成个人用药或注射建议。研究阶段分子、FDA批准药物和灰色市场制剂不应混淆；改善某项生物标志物也不能直接等同于延缓人体衰老。

2026-09-24

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优化肽稳定性与延长半衰期的策略

肽类药物占全球医药市场的 5%，但其增长速度是其余药物市场的两倍。由于稳定性低、半衰期短、口服生物利用度差，肽类治疗药物的开发颇具挑战性。然而，肽通常具有极高的效力、优异的选择性和低毒性，这使其对某些疾病靶点尤具吸引力。重大的技术创新推动了肽类治疗药物快速走向临床。本文讨论用于改善肽的蛋白酶解稳定性并延长半衰期的策略。结构修饰对提高肽的稳定性极为有效，包括将天然 L-氨基酸替换为 D-氨基酸或非天然氨基酸、肽骨架修饰、保护 N 端与 C 端，以及环化。已有体外与体内测定方法可用于评估肽的稳定性，并建立结构–稳定性关系，从而指导设计更稳定的肽。肽将继续在填补小分子药物与蛋白质治疗药物之间的空白方面发挥重要作用。合肥肽库生物科技肽作为治疗药物的主要局限在于口服生物利用度差、易受蛋白酶水解、半衰期短以及细胞膜通透性低（表 4.1）。因此，90% 的肽类药物通过注射给药，而非口服给药。此外，由于细胞膜通透性低且中枢神经系统（CNS）渗透性差，肽类治疗药物通常集中于细胞外及外周疾病靶点。尽管缺乏口服生物利用度仍是肽类药物开发的重大挑战，但也有一些肽具有口服生物利用度。最著名的例子是环孢素 A（cyclosporin A），已证明其吸收分数（Fa）大于 86%。渗透促进剂也有助于实现肽的口服吸收。近期的一个例子是口服司美格鲁肽的开发，它是一种用于治疗 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的 GLP-1（胰高血糖素样肽-1）受体激动剂。通过使用渗透促进剂 SNAC（N-[8-(2-羟基苯甲酰基)氨基辛酸钠]），司美格鲁肽在胃中的跨细胞通透性提高，从而使口服生物利用度达到约 4%。此外，环肽与构象受限肽是实现口服生物利用度的有前景的候选。减少氢键供体数量和降低柔性通常有利于肽的口服吸收。关于肽类治疗药物的设计与开发，已有大量优秀的综述可供参考。改善肽的蛋白酶解稳定性是肽类药物发现与开发的主要目标之一。本章重点讨论用于优化肽稳定性、延长半衰期的结构修饰策略。 2 改善肽蛋白酶解稳定性与延长半衰期的策略肽类治疗药物面临的最大挑战之一是其体循环消除速率高、半衰期短。许多天然肽在血液中的半衰期仅几分钟，这极大地限制了它们作为治疗药物的应用。从血液中清除肽涉及多种机制，包括肾脏清除（肾小球滤过与主动分泌）、血液与组织（如肾、肝、脑）中的蛋白酶水解，以及内吞作用和蛋白酶体降解。降低肽肾脏清除的策略已有充分的文献记载。在此，我们将讨论重点放在由蛋白酶水解导致的肽清除上。由于结构中存在特征性的肽键，肽易被肽酶水解。人体中存在超过 1500 种不同的可裂解肽的肽酶，例如氨肽酶、二肽酶、二肽基肽酶与三肽基肽酶、肽基二肽酶、丝氨酸型羧肽酶、金属羧肽酶、半胱氨酸型羧肽酶以及丝氨酸内肽酶。肽酶以膜结合型或可溶性酶的形式表达于全身各处，包括组织（如肠、肝、肾、脑、肺、胰腺、骨骼肌、心脏、脾、皮肤、鼻上皮细胞、胎盘、卵巢、子宫、睾丸、前列腺、胸腺和肾上腺）以及体液（血浆、血液、胃肠黏膜、胰液）。肽可被多种肽酶以复杂的步骤裂解，最终生成更小的肽和氨基酸，而这些产物又可作为合成各种蛋白质的构建单元。内肽酶（如胃蛋白酶和弹性蛋白酶）在肽链中部附近裂解肽键，而外肽酶（如氨肽酶和羧肽酶）则水解末端肽键。已有若干软件程序可用于预测肽的裂解位点。在实践中，催化某一肽水解的肽酶并不总能被完全表征。相反，水解产物通常借助液相色谱–质谱联用（LC-MS），从各种基质的体外孵育样品或体内样品中加以鉴定。这些信息有助于精确定位不稳定位点，并指导肽的结构修饰，以尽量减少酶促降解。通过药物化学方法进行多种修饰以改善肽稳定性的策略已有大量开发。在通过结构修饰改善肽稳定性的同时，保持或提高效力并规避毒性十分重要。以下讨论若干常用于改善肽蛋白酶解稳定性并延长半衰期的策略。 3 用 D-氨基酸或非天然氨基酸替换 L-氨基酸许多含有天然 L-氨基酸的肽易发生酶促降解。某些氨基酸比其他氨基酸更不稳定，例如天冬氨酸易发生异构化，天冬酰胺易发生脱酰胺，甲硫氨酸易被氧化。提高肽蛋白酶解稳定性的一种有效策略是，将天然 L-氨基酸替换为非天然的 D-氨基酸或经修饰的氨基酸（图 4.1 和表 4.2），因为肽酶可能无法识别这些非天然氨基酸并进行裂解。然而，简单地将全部 L-氨基酸替换为 D-氨基酸通常是无效的，因为由此产生的肽构象与侧链取向可能妨碍正确的结合几何，因而对靶点的效力很差。逆序反转（retro-inversion，即将全部 L-氨基酸替换为 D-氨基酸，同时序列也反转（图 4.1））是为通过修正 D-肽序列来恢复活性而开发的一种策略。合肥肽库生物科技已有许多通过用 D-氨基酸替换 L-氨基酸而成功开发肽类药物的例子。例如，奥曲肽（octreotide）是治疗胃肠道肿瘤的药物。它是一种基于内源性激素生长抑素（somatostatin）氨基酸序列的合成肽，而生长抑素的半衰期极短，仅几分钟。奥曲肽的开发方法是：将生长抑素的氨基酸序列由 14 个缩短为 8 个，并将全部 L-氨基酸替换为 D-氨基酸。这些修饰随后显著提高了酶稳定性，并将血浆半衰期延长至 1.5 小时。另一个例子是由血管加压素（vasopressin，天然激素）开发出去氨加压素（desmopressin，合成抗利尿激素），血管加压素在人体内的半衰期通常仅为 10–35 分钟。将血管加压素中的 L-Arg 替换为 D-Arg，促成了去氨加压素的发现，其半衰期改善至 3.7 小时。此外，据报道，将 α5β1 整合素抑制肽（抗癌）中的L-组氨酸与 L-半胱氨酸残基分别替换为相应的 D-氨基酸，得到了效力和全身稳定性均显著改善的肽。在某些情况下，用 D-氨基酸替换 L-氨基酸可能无法改善半衰期，甚至产生更短的半衰期。因此必须开展稳定性研究，以验证这些改变是否确实改善了肽的稳定性。在肽中使用 D-氨基酸的另一个优势是降低 PEG 化肽的毒性。PEG 化肽在重复给药后可产生抗 PEG 抗体并导致毒性，这与抗 PEG 抗体应答介导的加速血液清除有关，可导致 PEG 化载体的快速清除、补体激活以及过敏反应。然而，通过将 PEG 化肽中的 L-氨基酸替换为其 D-氨基酸对映体，抗 PEG 抗体的产生和毒性显著降低。与 L-氨基酸 PEG 化肽不同，D-氨基酸 PEG 化肽表现出良好的耐受性，且不引发抗 PEG 抗体的产生。合肥肽库生物科技 4 其他骨架修饰策略还有若干其他肽骨架修饰策略已被成功用于改善肽类药物的蛋白酶解稳定性。在硫代酰胺取代策略中，肽骨架中的氧原子被硫原子取代（图 4.1）。研究表明，在 GLP-1 和 GIP（葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽）易裂键附近进行硫代酰胺取代，可显著增强蛋白酶解稳定性，且不影响其细胞活性。含硫代酰胺的肽对二肽基肽酶 4（DPP-4）裂解的稳定性比相应的氧代肽高出多达 750 倍。硫代酰胺取代有潜力成为一种在维持靶点效力的同时提高蛋白酶解稳定性的简便而有效的方法。与未修饰类似物相比，将肽骨架中的一个或多个酰胺基团替换为磺酰胺，同样可以提高对肽酶的蛋白酶解稳定性，同时保持生物学活性。另一种改善肽稳定性的有用策略是，用还原酰胺替换肽键（即 -CONH- 变为 -CH2NH-）。该策略已被用于开发各种阿片肽（即结合阿片受体的肽），这些肽对化学降解和酶促降解均表现出高稳定性，同时保持效力和选择性。此外，将肽骨架的 α-CH 基团替换为氮原子从而得到氮杂肽（azapeptide），也可改善稳定性（Gentilucci 等，2010）。阿扎那韦（atazanavir）是一种用于治疗 HIV 的高效氮杂肽，由于其半衰期适中（约 7 小时），可每日口服一次（原文引用 FDA 药品说明书网址，此处从略）。将 β-氨基酸掺入肽中是另一种通过降低肽酶识别来改善稳定性的策略。 5 N 端与 C 端的保护肽在血浆中的半衰期通常与 N 端残基相关。N 端残基为 Met、Ser、Ala、Thr、Val 或 Gly 的肽通常具有较长的半衰期，而 N 端为 Phe、Leu、Asp、Lys 或 Arg 则往往导致较短的半衰期。血液和组织中存在若干从 N 端或 C 端降解肽的肽酶，包括外肽酶、氨肽酶和羧肽酶。因此，对 N 端和 C 端之一或两者进行修饰，可显著提高肽的稳定性并增强其对蛋白酶水解的抵抗能力。保护 N 端和 C 端最常用的方法是 N 端乙酰化和 C 端酰胺化。文献中已报道许多例证说明这些策略的成功。例如，N-乙酰化生长抑素类似物比天然肽稳定得多。C 端酰胺化与 N 端乙酰化显著改善了免疫原性肽 MART-127–35 的血浆稳定性。替莫瑞林（tesamorelin）的 N 端酪氨酸残基上连接有己酰基，其半衰期（1 小时）长于天然生长激素释放激素（GHRH，6.8 分钟）。N 端焦谷氨酰化产生了对 DPP-4 稳定的 GLP-17-36 类似物，同时保持强效的降血糖活性。据报道，N-乙酰化 GLP-17-34 比未保护肽稳定得多。生长抑素类似物 RC-160 的 N 端用各种长链脂肪酸乙酰化后，与未修饰肽相比对胰蛋白酶和血清降解具有更强的抵抗性，并在人乳腺腺癌细胞中保持抗增殖活性。N 端焦谷氨酰 GIP 的棕榈酸衍生类似物不仅抗 DPP-4 降解，而且效力提高。N 端棕榈酰化与 C 端 PEG 化的双重修饰，产生了与天然 GIP 效力相当的完全激动剂，且对 DPP-4 裂解稳定。通过在 N 端与 C 端之间形成酰胺键进行的首尾环化，可通过减少外肽酶的裂解来帮助稳定肽。肽 T 的首尾环化六肽类似物保持了显著的生物学活性，并且与线性肽相比，在血浆和脑组织中对酶促降解具有高抵抗性。除改善肽对外肽酶的稳定性外，N-乙酰化与 C-酰胺化结合氨基酸替换，也提高了 EFK17 肽（EFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV）对内肽酶的抵抗性 6 环化环肽被认为是发现治疗药物的"金矿"（Jing 和 Jin，2020）。已有 40 多个环肽获批用于临床，其中绝大多数来源于天然产物。一些著名的环肽药物包括：抗生素达托霉素（daptomycin）和万古霉素（vancomycin）；激素类似物奥曲肽、催产素（oxytocin）和血管加压素；以及免疫抑制剂环孢素（cyclosporine）。环化通过去除可裂解的 N 端和 C 端，最大程度地减少了肽在胃肠道、血液和组织中的降解。环化还可屏蔽不稳定的肽键免受酶的作用，从而减少降解。环化不仅改善肽的稳定性，还能提高肽的膜通透性。根据官能团的不同，肽可通过四种不同方式环化（图 4.2）：首尾环化、首端–侧链环化、侧链–尾端环化和侧链–侧链环化。首尾环化是生成环肽最常用的方法。已开发多种环化策略，包括利用二硫键桥、醚桥、联芳桥、钉合肽（stapled peptides）、大环内酯/内酰胺以及首尾环化（图 4.3）。例如，用于治疗疼痛的环肽齐考诺肽含有三个二硫键。另一个报道的例子是 α-芋螺毒素 TxIB 的环化改善了其在血清中的稳定性和半衰期，同时保持活性。此外，与线性肽相比，源自单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白的环状表位肽在 50% 人血清中完全稳定。再者，环状 RGD（Arg-Gly-Asp）体系已被证明比其线性类似物效力更强、特异性更高且更抗蛋白酶水解。最后，N 端到 C 端的环化也被用于帕瑞肽（pasireotide）的开发中，使其半衰期长达约 12 小时，而生长抑素仅为 3 分钟。合肥肽库生物科技 7 增加分子量有时，仅保护酶不稳定位点可能不足以延长半衰期。通过脂化、融合至长半衰期蛋白或偶联聚合物来增加 MW（分子量），不仅可减少肾脏清除，还可因空间位阻而保护肽免受蛋白酶水解降解。例如，INF-α2b 的 PEG2,40K 偶联物的血浆半衰期比天然蛋白长 330 倍。另一个例子是用于治疗 T2DM 的 GLP-1 激动剂肽家族。已知天然 GLP-1 肽会发生快速蛋白酶水解，半衰期仅几分钟。对 DPP-4 裂解位点处不稳定氨基酸进行修饰，促成了艾塞那肽（exenatide）的发现，其血清稳定性得到改善（皮下注射（SC）半衰期 2–3 小时）。将 C16 脂肪酸共价连接到 GLP-1 肽上产生了利拉鲁肽（liraglutide），其半衰期长（SC 给药 13–15 小时），可实现每日一次给药，而艾塞那肽需每日两次给药（Lau 等，2015）。稳定性与肾脏清除的进一步改善促成了司美格鲁肽（semaglutide）的发现。司美格鲁肽含有与 GLP-1 肽共价结合的 C18 脂肪二酸。司美格鲁肽与血浆蛋白高度结合，从而减少肾脏清除并保护其免受代谢降解。司美格鲁肽的半衰期为 1 周，每周一次皮下给药。为增加 MW，还开发了阿必鲁肽（albiglutide，与白蛋白偶联，2018 年从全球市场撤市）和度拉糖肽（dulaglutide，与经修饰的 IgG4 Fc 结构域偶联），以延长 GLP-1 肽的半衰期并实现每周给药。合肥肽库生物科技 8 非共价 π–π 相互作用已开发一种策略，利用肽中芳香族氨基酸残基与合成的缺电子芳香族化合物之间的非共价 π–π 相互作用。这些相互作用通过引入空间位阻和增强肽的 α-螺旋度来改善肽的稳定性。这些有机分子–肽杂化体表现出异常高的抗蛋白酶水解能力。该策略的有用之处在于，无需对天然肽的序列进行大幅改动，也无需使用任何非天然氨基酸对肽进行修饰，因而不应改变所开发天然肽的效力和安全性特征。 9 酶抑制联合给予酶抑制剂可延长肽的半衰期。研究表明，将特异性 DPP-4 抑制剂（ile-thiazolidide）与 GLP-117-36 共同给药可改善循环半衰期。联合给予 DPP-4 抑制剂 NVP DPP728 可延长天然 GLP-1 肽的半衰期，并可用于治疗 2 型糖尿病。GLP-1 和 GIP 在分泌后会被 DPP-4 快速降解和失活。已开发的 DPP-4 抑制剂已知可防止内源性释放的 GLP-1 和 GIP 发生降解，例如阿格列汀（alogliptin）、阿那格列汀（anagliptin）、吉格列汀（gemigliptin）、利格列汀（linagliptin）、沙格列汀（saxagliptin）、西格列汀（sitagliptin）、替格列汀（teneligliptin）和维格列汀（vildagliptin）。抑制 GLP-1 与 GIP（的降解）2 可提高循环中具有活性的肠促胰素（incretin）的血浆水平，延长肠促胰素的作用时间，继而引起胰岛素水平升高。 10 Flip-Flop 动力学 Flip-Flop 动力学是指化合物的吸收速率显著慢于其从体内的消除速率的现象，可作为一种延长肽半衰期的策略加以利用。皮下注射后，一些肽可在注射部位形成储库（depot）并缓慢释放进入体循环，从而产生长半衰期，尽管其清除率保持不变。例如，地加瑞克（degarelix）是一种基于 GnRH（促性腺激素释放激素）的合成肽，由于 flip-flop 动力学，其半衰期为 42–72 天。兰瑞肽（lanreotide）是一种含有非天然氨基酸的生长抑素激动剂，由于从注射部位储库缓慢释放，其半衰期为 22 天. 11 评估肽稳定性的方法体内肽降解的主要部位是血液、肝脏、肾脏和肠道。已开发计算机模拟（in silico）方法用于预测肽在哺乳动物血液和肠道样环境中的半衰期。也可设计测定方法以评估肽在各种生物基质中的稳定性。半衰期和固有清除率等动力学参数的定量测定，可通过监测母体药物随时间的消除来完成。降解产物的鉴定同样提供了关于裂解位点的有价值信息，有助于设计更稳定的肽。根据化合物在各种基质中的不稳定性问题，可选择特定的测定方法进行筛选，以指导 SAR 并改善肽的稳定性。不同生物测定基质中的稳定性信息可用于预测肽在人体内的清除率和暴露量，也可用于建立 PK/PD 关系并估算剂量。 12 血液、血清与血浆稳定性测定血液是肽降解的主要部位。在肽的孵育实验中，新鲜血液、血清（血液完全凝固后获得的上清液）和血浆（补充抗凝剂如 EDTA 或肝素的血液经离心获得）均已被用于检测肽在体循环中的稳定性。然而，给定肽的稳定性可能随所选试剂而变化。例如，在血清制备过程中，酶活性可能在凝血过程中发生改变。此外，为制备血浆而加入的抗凝剂可抑制酶活性。例如，EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）抑制金属依赖性和 Ca2+ 依赖性蛋白酶，而肝素抑制凝血酶和 Xa 因子。红细胞含有血浆或血清中并不存在的额外酶类。因此，评估肽在血液中的稳定性同样重要。Barr 等报道使用血清和脑组织匀浆研究靶向可溶性 β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体的肽的稳定性。Bottger 等比较了来自三个不同家族的肽在小鼠血清、血浆和血液中的稳定性。他们发现，总体上肽在血清中的降解速度快于血浆，而出人意料的是，在新鲜血液中最稳定。因此，血清或血浆稳定性结果可能具有误导性，需要在体内加以验证。 13 肝脏稳定性测定肝脏是某些肽（如胰岛素）的主要降解部位。肝微粒体常用于评估肝脏膜结合酶的稳定性，肝胞质溶胶则常用于可溶性酶。肝 S9 组分同时含有膜结合酶和可溶性酶，可用于评估肽的肝脏稳定性。冻存肝细胞也常被应用，因为它们含有完整的酶和辅因子谱。然而，肽对肝细胞细胞膜的通透性低，可能限制其代谢速率，导致半衰期人为偏长以及体内清除率被低估。因此，为消除膜屏障的潜在影响，肝 S9 通常是优于肝细胞的用于研究肽稳定性的系统。已开展一项比较研究，使用人肝 S9 和肝细胞评估肽的稳定性。结果显示，两种系统在肽水解方面表现相似，但对于某些细胞膜通透性低的肽，肝 S9 在 CYP 代谢和代谢物生成方面更为有效。需注意，试剂必须不含 PMSF（苯甲基磺酰氟）和 EDTA，因为它们可抑制肽酶活性，导致结果假性偏稳定。在一项关于作为潜在兴奋剂的小分子肽激素的研究中，研究者使用了人肝微粒体、肝与肾 S9 组分、血清和 α-糜蛋白酶，以鉴定可能用于检测物质滥用的代谢物。Zvereva 等发现，肾微粒体和肝 S9 是生成肽多样化代谢物谱最有效的体外系统。此外，Yang 等报道使用血浆、肝匀浆和脑匀浆，在含与不含对氧磷（酯酶抑制剂）的条件下检测肽的稳定性。 14 肾脏与组织稳定性测定肾脏是肽降解的主要部位，而这在小分子中并不十分常见。例如，艾塞那肽和胰岛素在肾脏中发生显著降解。肾刷状缘膜囊泡（BBMV）、微粒体或匀浆均可用于评估肽在肾脏中的降解。在一项旨在判定 GnRH（促性腺激素释放激素）及其合成类似物滥用的兴奋剂控制研究中，研究者使用人肾微粒体鉴定了可能有助于检测物质滥用的代谢物。Bendre 等报道使用肾 BBMV 评估肽的稳定性，以减少肽和拟肽（peptidomimetics）的肾脏代谢。Liao 等使用大鼠肾匀浆和肝匀浆评估 exendin-4 的稳定性、代谢物谱和裂解位点。 15 胃肠道稳定性测定为实现口服生物利用度，肽需要在胃肠道（GI）中具有足够的稳定性才能被吸收。模拟胃液（SGF，pH 1.2）和模拟肠液（SIF，pH 6.8）或人胃肠液通常用于研究肽在胃肠液中的稳定性，以同时评估 pH 影响和酶影响。在肠道 BBMV 中的稳定性可用于评估肽在肠黏液中的稳定性。肠微粒体、胞质溶胶、S9 以及肠上皮细胞（enterocytes）可用于考察膜结合酶和可溶性酶在肽裂解中的作用。Elfgen 等讨论了使用 SGF、SIF、血浆和肝微粒体来评估口服 D-肽 RD2 的稳定性，该肽开发用于直接清除 β-淀粉样蛋白。Dushin 等报道使用大鼠肠 BBMV 和血浆，比较先天免疫 TLR/IL1R 信号蛋白 MyD88 的环状与线性肽抑制剂的稳定性。 16 结论肽类治疗药物仍是药物研发中不可或缺的组成部分。肽类药物的开发可能充满挑战，但回报也极为丰厚。肽类药物市场的增长速度是其余药物市场的两倍，若干肽类药物已达到"重磅炸弹"级别。然而，体内稳定性低和缺乏口服生物利用度仍是肽面临的主要 ADME（吸收、分布、代谢和排泄）问题。肽类治疗药物的其他挑战包括：疾病靶点主要局限于细胞外空间，以及合成成本相对较高。血液和组织中的蛋白酶水解降解与肾脏清除一样，是肽的关键消除途径之一。结构修饰策略与新型制剂方法相结合，使肽得以转化为有效的治疗药物。骨架修饰、N 端与 C 端保护、环化以及增加分子量，是改善肽蛋白酶解稳定性的部分设计原则。已建立体外与体内测定方法，用于评估肽的稳定性并发展 SAR（构效关系），以指导具有更高稳定性的肽的设计。用于肽稳定性研究的生物基质包括生理性体液（如血清、血浆、血液、SGF、SIF）以及肝、肾、肠、脑和其他组织的组织制剂（如 BBMV、微粒体、胞质溶胶、S9、肝细胞、肠上皮细胞、组织匀浆）。肽类药物的成功开发需要多学科科学与技术的融合。该领域的进一步创新将加速肽类药物开发，为患者带来新的药物。返回搜狐，查看更多

2026-09-22

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临床传染病学 82卷1-6期、增刊1-2、4-5期

Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 1 临床传染病学 82卷1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病学技艺） 1 Peasants' Revolt, 1381 1381年农民起义 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf692 In the Literature（文献概览） 2 In the Literature 文献概览 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages ii–iii, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf631 State-of-the-Art Review（最新技术综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 最新技术综述：急性和慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗 Prathit A Kulkarni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf483 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（传染病临床难题） 4 “Insisting on Treatment” “坚持治疗” Kevin Andrew Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 14–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf282 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Martin Arrowsmith and Me 马丁·阿罗史密斯与我 Janet R Gilsdorf Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf277 Invited Commentary（特邀述评） 6 The 2025 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nonoccupational HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Updated Regimens and Remaining Questions 2025年美国疾病控制与预防中心非职业性艾滋病毒暴露后预防指南：更新方案及遗留问题 Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Kenneth H Mayer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf567 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗菌药物耐药性与管控） 7 Modeling the Impact and Cost of a Culture-Dependent Molecular Test for Antimicrobial Resistance in Resource-Limited Settings 资源有限环境下，基于培养的分子检测法对抗菌药物耐药性的影响和成本建模 Joshua M Chevalier and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf236 8 The Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts in a Brazilian Prospective Multicenter Cohort 巴西一项前瞻性多中心队列研究中Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值可预测结核分枝杆菌在密切接触者中的传播 Leandro S Garcia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 33–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad794 9 Beyond Diagnosis: Xpert Cycle Threshold Values as Predictors of Tuberculosis Transmission 超越诊断：Xpert循环阈值作为结核病传播的预测指标 Lauren Linde and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 42–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad791 10 First Report of Treatment-Emergent Resistance to Cefepime-Zidebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌在头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦治疗中出现耐药性的首例报告 Ava J Dorazio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf638 Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与政策） 11 Sputum and Tongue Swab Molecular Testing for the In-Home Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Unselected Household Contacts: A Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 痰液和舌拭子分子检测用于未筛选家庭接触者结核病居家诊断的成本及成本效益分析 Charl Bezuidenhout and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf389 12 You’ve Got a Friend in Me: Curbside Questions Infectious Diseases Clinicians Ask Infectious Diseases Pharmacists 我是你的朋友：传染病临床医生向传染病药剂师咨询的即兴问题 Matthew R Davis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 58–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf250 13 Home Testing for Contagious Illness: Historical Context and Modern Caveats 传染性疾病居家检测：历史背景与现代注意事项 Abigail Zuger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 62–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf623 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 14 Evaluating the Use of Lower Dose Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Clinical Trial 评估低剂量氟胞嘧啶治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床试验 Morris K Rutakingirwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf432 15 Association Between Duration of Candidemia and Clinical and Healthcare Resource Utilization Outcomes Among Hospitalized Adult Patients With Candidemia Who Received Empiric Treatment With an Echinocandin Across United States Hospitals 美国各医院中接受棘白菌素经验性治疗的念珠菌血症成年住院患者中，念珠菌血症持续时间与临床和医疗资源利用结局之间的关联 Thomas P Lodise and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 75–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf472 16 Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data 美国隐球菌病导致的死亡率分析：基于死亡证明数据 Thomas J Walsh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf653 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 17 Outcomes of Critical Illness in People With Advanced HIV Disease: 30 Years of Binational Data 晚期艾滋病患者危重症结局：30年的双国数据 Bryan Tan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf362 18 Phase 2 Trial of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and VRC07-523LS for Viral Suppression in Adults With HIV-1: ACTG A5357 长效卡博特韦和VRC07-523LS用于HIV-1感染成人病毒抑制的2期试验：ACTG A5357 Babafemi O Taiwo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf375 19 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a National Cohort of People With HIV-1: First Results From the ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP Study 全国HIV-1感染者队列中长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测：ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP研究的首批结果 Nadège Néant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 109–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf385 20 Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine of Clinical Utility? 长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测是否具有临床实用性？ Catia Marzolini Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 119–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf386 21 Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study 多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗在CD4计数<200/mm³的初治患者中的疗效和安全性：DOLCE研究48周结果 Maria Ines Figueroa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 122–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf415 22 DOLCE: Sweet Success for Dolutegravir/Lamivudine? DOLCE研究：多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗是否取得完美成功？ Laura J Waters Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf416 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 23 Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact 实时基因组监测用于加强医疗保健机构疫情检测与控制：临床与经济影响 Alexander J Sundermann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 134–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf216 24 Patient Perspectives Regarding Different Contact Precaution Policies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Across Two Hospitals: Patients Are in Favor of Contact Precautions 两家医院患者对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌不同接触预防政策的态度：患者支持接触预防措施 Nicholas F Angelino and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 142–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf330 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 The Clue That Wriggled into View 蜿蜒入目的线索 Nitin Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf427 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 26 Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence vs Experts for Detection of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection 比较生成式人工智能与专家在导管相关尿路感染检测中的应用 Shatha Alshanqeeti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 148–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf486 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 27 Viability of Chlamydia trachomatis in Different Anatomical Sites—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 不同解剖部位沙眼衣原体的存活能力——系统综述和荟萃分析 Arthur Wong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae401 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 28 A 46-Year-Old With Persistent Altered Mental Status and Respiratory Failure 一例46岁患者持续出现意识状态改变伴呼吸衰竭 Ann F Yang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 159–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf439 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 29 Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort HIV感染者中的猴痘：多站点队列中诊断、预后和疫苗有效性的预测因素 Michalina Montaño and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae464 30 Development and Evaluation of a Novel Algorithm to Identify Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis Users at a Large Healthcare System in the Bronx, New York 开发和评估一种新型算法，用于识别纽约布朗克斯区一家大型医疗系统中多西环素暴露后预防用药者 Caroline E Mullis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf109 31 Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 为预防细菌性性传播感染提供基于证据的多西环素暴露后预防用药 Julia C Dombrowski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 177–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae527 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 32 Long-term Mortality Trends Among Individuals With Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Individuals Diagnosed With Tuberculosis in Brazil 巴西结核病患者的长期死亡率趋势：一项针对巴西结核病诊断患者的回顾性队列研究 Sun Kim and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e1–e8, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf206 33 Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Eye Infections: Retrospective National Surveillance in England, 2010–2022 脑膜炎球菌眼部感染的临床和微生物学特征：2010 - 2022年英格兰全国回顾性监测 Stephen A Clark and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e9–e16, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf274 34 Does Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increase Mortality Risk Compared With Cefepime? Collider Bias and the Importance of Assumptions in Instrumental Variable Analyses 与头孢吡肟相比，哌拉西林-他唑巴坦是否会增加死亡率风险？工具变量分析中的混杂偏倚和假设的重要性 Fergus Hamilton and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e17–e23, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf317 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 35 Efficacy and Safety of Obeldesivir in High-Risk Nonhospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (BIRCH): A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study 奥贝德西韦在高危非住院COVID-19患者（BIRCH研究）中的疗效和安全性：一项3期、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究 Anca Streinu-Cercel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e24–e32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf406 36 Retreatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Following Return of COVID-19 Symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity COVID-19症状复发且SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦重新治疗 Wuyan Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e33–e40, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf548 Emerging Infections(新兴感染) 37 “I Didn’t Know Him Before the Pandemic… Now He's on My Speed Dial”: Strengthening Collaboration Between Infectious Diseases Physicians and State and Local Public Health for Future Public Health Emergencies “疫情前我并不认识他……现在他已是我的快速拨号对象”：加强传染病医生与州和地方公共卫生部门在未来突发公共卫生事件中的合作 Diana Valencia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e41–e46, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf179 38 Identification of and Response to Influenza A(H5) in Off-the-Shelf Raw Milk—Santa Clara County, California, November–December 2024 2024年11 - 12月加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县在现成生牛奶中检出甲型流感（H5）病毒及应对措施 Alessandra Løchen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e47–e48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf420 39 The Indispensable Value of Small-Molecule Antivirals in Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness 小分子抗病毒药物在流行病和大流行病防范中的不可或缺价值 Ruxandra Draghia-Akli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e49–e55, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf476 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 40 Increasing HIV Testing During Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Evaluations in Urgent Care and Emergency Departments: A Large Health System Initiative 在紧急护理和急诊科进行淋病和衣原体检测时增加HIV检测：一项大型医疗系统倡议 Allan M Seibert and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e56–e67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf434 41 Clinical Predictors and Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Males With HIV in the Treat-All Era in the United States and Canada 美国和加拿大“全员治疗”时代男性HIV感染者卡波西肉瘤的临床预测因素和发病率 Sally B Coburn and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e68–e77, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf446 42 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors for Treatment-experienced Young Adults With Perinatal HIV in the US: Immunologic, Virologic, and Anthropometric Outcomes 美国接受过治疗的围产期感染HIV的年轻成人使用整合酶链转移抑制剂的免疫学、病毒学和人体测量学结果 Kunjal Patel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e78–e88, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf538 43 Win Ratio Aligns With and Enhances Interpretation of REPRIEVE's Primary Findings Win比值与REPRIEVE研究的主要发现一致并增强了其解释性 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e89–e92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf477 44 The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of HIV Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States 临床应用案例对于指导即时检测技术开发的重要性：以美国HIV核酸检测为例 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e93–e99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf510 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 45 Body Mass Index and Incident Tuberculosis in Close Tuberculosis Contacts 结核密切接触者中体重指数与新发结核病的关系 María B Arriaga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e100–e109, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf475 46 The Role of Youths in Within-Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Household Contact Cohort Study 青年在家庭内结核病传播中的作用：一项家庭接触队列研究 Meredith B Brooks and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e110–e118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf490 47 Cost-effectiveness of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Tuberculosis Drug-resistance Testing as an Alternative to the Standard of Care in South Africa 南非以靶向下一代测序作为结核病耐药检测标准护理方案的替代方案的成本效益分析 Alexandra de Nooy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e119–e125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf495 48 Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold as a Marker of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease Severity: Implications for TB Treatment Stratification Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值作为结核病（TB）疾病严重程度的标志物：对结核病治疗分层的启示 Daniel J Grint and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e126–e134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf527 49 The Role of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Treating Mycobacterium abscessus: From Laboratory Insights to Clinical Applications and the Case for Clinical Trials β-内酰胺类抗生素在治疗脓肿分枝杆菌中的作用：从实验室见解到临床应用及开展临床试验的必要性 Khalid M Dousa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e135–e145, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf547 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 50 Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of an Investigational Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein–Based Vaccine 一种研究性孕产妇呼吸道合胞病毒融合前F蛋白疫苗的疗效、免疫原性和安全性 Peyman Banooni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e146–e155, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf033 51 Hepatotoxicity Among People With HIV and Receiving Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Pregnancy and Postpartum: The Role of Antiretroviral Regimen and Pharmacogenetics HIV感染者在孕期和产后接受异烟肼预防性治疗时的肝毒性：抗逆转录病毒治疗方案和药物基因组学的作用 Grace Montepiedra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e156–e164, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf198 52 Transplacental Transfer of Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, and Piperaquine: A Comparison of Concentrations in Mothers, Neonates, and Cord Blood 青蒿素、甲氟喹和哌喹的胎盘转运：母亲、新生儿和脐带血中浓度的比较 Makoto Saito and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e165–e173, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf552 53 Why Did the Antimalarial Drug Cross the Placenta? 抗疟药为何要穿过胎盘？ Stephen J Rogerson and Holger W Unger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e174–e175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf553 Viral Infections（病毒性传染病） 54 Kinetics and Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss After Commencing Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Setting of HIV and Chronic HBV Coinfection HIV和慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）共感染患者开始使用HBV活性抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎表面抗原消失的动力学和预测因素 Jennifer Audsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e176–e184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf281 55 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病 Lauren A Powers and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e185–e190, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf285 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Unveiling Latent Risk Patterns in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteremia: A Deeper Look at Pathogen-Specific Mortality 揭示抗菌药物耐药性菌血症中的潜在风险模式：深入探究病原体特异性死亡率 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e191, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf493 57 Resistance to Antibiotics With High Empiric Treatment Relevance Explains Attributable Mortality Across 110 Pathogen-antibiotic Combinations 对经验性治疗具有高度相关性的抗生素耐药性可解释110种病原体 - 抗生素组合的归因死亡率 Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e191–e192, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf494 58 Culture Clash: Dual-Pathogen Endocarditis and the Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Studies We Need 文化冲突：双病原体心内膜炎以及我们所需的宏基因组下一代测序研究 Carl Boodman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e193–e195, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf518 59 Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Cardiovascular Infections: Promise and Pitfalls of Polymicrobial Detection 宏基因组下一代测序与心血管感染：多微生物检测的前景与陷阱 Sarwat Khalil and M Rizwan Sohail Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e196, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf519 60 It Is Time to Go Beyond the Association Between Colistin and Meropenem for Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections 是时候超越多粘菌素和美罗培南联合治疗侵袭性碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染了 Alberto Enrico Maraolo and Giancarlo Ceccarelli Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e197–e198, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf533 61 Actually, It May be Time to Return to Colistin and Meropenem in Some Patients Infected With Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) 实际上，对于某些感染碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的患者，或许是时候重新使用多粘菌素和美罗培南了 Jason M Pogue and Keith S Kaye Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e198–e199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf534 62 COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia: Protective Effect or Diagnostic Bias? COVID-19和细菌性肺炎：保护作用还是诊断偏差？ Duygu Aydın and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e200, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf539 63 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections: A Follow Up 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病：后续研究 John C Hu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e200–e201, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf540 64 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in Viremic People With HIV: Bumpy Road to Perfection 长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林用于病毒载量阳性的HIV感染者：通往完美的坎坷之路 Beatrice Barda and Marco Bongiovanni Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e201–e202, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf482 65 Beyond the Sequence: Operationalizing Whole-Genome Sequencing for Real-time Infection Control in Low- and Middle-Income-Country Healthcare Settings Healthcare Settings 超越序列：在中低收入国家医疗环境中实际应用全基因组测序进行实时感染控制 Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e202–e203, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf535 66 Reassessing Adherence Trajectories in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recovery Advantage and Hidden Biases 重新评估耐多药结核病的依从性轨迹：康复优势和隐藏偏差 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Chun-Chieh Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e203–e204, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf536 67 Metagenomic Sequencing of Blood Culture Broth for Diagnosing Fastidious Endocarditis 血培养肉汤宏基因组测序用于诊断苛养性心内膜炎 Po-Hsiu Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e204–e205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf554 Corrections（更正） 68 Correction to: Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 《患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e206, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf572 69 Correction to: Treatment Outcomes With an Oral Short Course Regimen for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence, Programmatic Setting in South Africa 《南非高HIV流行率、项目化环境中口服短程利福平耐药结核病治疗方案的治疗结果》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf711 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_1 临床传染病学 82卷增刊1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_1 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Laboratory and Point-of-care Testing to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Available Evidence 实验室及即时检测技术用于检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌：现有证据综述 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增刊论著） 1 Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 美国疾病控制与预防中心沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌检测指南制定证据综述 Amanda C Smith and Ellen N Kersh Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S1–S5, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf665 2 Narrative Review of Chlamydia trachomatis Culture, Viability Testing, and Sequencing Methods 沙眼衣原体培养、活性检测及测序方法的叙述性综述 Alana K Sterkel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S6–S12, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf697 3 Culture and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Narrative Review of Current Laboratory Methods 淋病奈瑟菌培养与鉴定：当前实验室方法叙述性综述 Olusegun O Soge and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S13–S18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf698 4 Review of the Performance of Laboratory-Based Molecular Diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 实验室分子诊断技术检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的性能综述 Megan Crumpler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S19–S35, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf696 5 Review of Methods for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌抗菌药物耐药性检测方法综述 Kara K Mitchell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S36–S42, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf706 6 Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Literature 沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌即时检测技术文献综述 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S43–S51, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf699 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 2 临床传染病学 82卷 2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Interior of the Old Jersey Prison Ship in the Revolutionary War 美国革命战争中老泽西监狱船的内部景象 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf693 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature 本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag011 IDSA 2025 Collections Editorial（美国传染病学会2025年专题合集社论） 3 2025 Content Collections from the IDSA Journals IDSA期刊2025年内容合集 Roger Bedimo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag041 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 4 State-of-the-Art Review: Chagas Disease—an Enduring Challenge 前沿综述：恰加斯病——一个持续存在的挑战 Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 187–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf654 IDSA Features（美国传染病学会特色内容） 5 Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for HIV Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association 支持公平获取用于艾滋病毒预防和治疗的长效注射剂的政策建议：美国传染病学会与艾滋病毒医学协会的政策文件 Julia L Marcus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 206–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae648 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 6 A “Terminal Infection” “绝症感染” Jennifer Furin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf332 Invited Commentary（特邀评论） 7 A Rapid Test to Differentiate Viral From Bacterial Infections: Searching for the Holy Grail 区分病毒与细菌感染的快速检测：寻找“圣杯” Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 215–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf585 Bacterial Infections（细菌感染） 8 Nonoperative Versus Neurosurgical Treatment of Brain Abscess: An Emulated Trial Nested Within a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort 脑脓肿的非手术治疗与神经外科治疗：一项基于全国人群队列的模拟试验 Emilie Marie Eriksen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 219–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf304 9 What Is the Impact of Anti-Enterococcal Empirical Therapy on Survival of Patients With Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections? 抗肠球菌经验性治疗对肠球菌血流感染患者生存率的影响是什么？ Linda Bussini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 228–237, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf323 10 Adjunctive Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 2 Randomized Trials 辅助使用磷霉素治疗金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：两项随机试验个体参与者数据的汇总事后分析 Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf387 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 11 Kinetics of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-associated Mutations in HIV-1 Proviral Cellular Reservoirs in Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-experienced Persons 在接受过非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂治疗的HIV-1感染者中，非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药相关突变在HIV-1前病毒细胞储存库中的动力学 Thomas Drumel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf430 12 Impact of Different Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors on Body Mass Index Among People With HIV Who Newly Started Antiretroviral Therapy in Shenzhen, China: A Real-World Data Analysis 中国深圳新开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者使用不同整合酶链转移抑制剂对体重指数的影响：一项现实数据分析 Lukun Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 252–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf466 13 Consequences of Stopping Antiretroviral Treatment in a Persistently Seronegative Individual with HIV-1 HIV-1持续血清阴性个体停止抗逆转录病毒治疗的后果 Marc Wirden and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 262–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf422 14 Approaches to the Management of Virologic Failure on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in the 50 Countries With the Highest Adult HIV Prevalence 在成人HIV患病率最高的50个国家中，多替拉韦为基础的抗逆转录病毒治疗出现病毒学失败的治疗方法 Cameron T Nutt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf444 Mycobacterial Infections（结核分枝杆菌感染） 15 Retrospective Cohort Analysis for Identification of Discordant Rifampicin-resistant Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Results in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a High Burden Tuberculosis Setting 刚果民主共和国东部南基伍这一结核病高负荷地区，识别利福平耐药不一致的Xpert MTB/RIF检测结果的回顾性队列分析 Bertin C Bisimwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf451 16 Prevention of Tuberculosis in Patients Treated With Biological Therapies: 20 Years' Experience in a Specialized Tuberculosis Clinic in a Low-prevalence Country 生物疗法治疗患者中结核病的预防：某低流行国家一个专科结核病诊所20年的经验 Sandra Pérez-Recio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf491 17 Reducing Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial 减少家庭内结核病传播：一项试点整群随机对照试验 Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf526 18 (Un)masking Tuberculosis （揭开）结核病的“面具” Joseph N Burzynski and Neil W Schluger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 299–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf528 19 Estimating the Accuracy and Additionality of TB-LAM to Diagnose TB in Children Without HIV (AccuLAM) 评估TB-LAM在无HIV儿童中诊断结核病的准确性和额外价值（AccuLAM） Lucía CarratalàCastro and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 301–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf525 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 20 Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Strategies on Incidence of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 多西环素暴露后预防用药策略对细菌性性传播感染发病率的影响 Michael W Traeger and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 304–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad488 21 Filling in the Gaps: Updates on Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 填补空白：多西环素预防细菌性性传播感染的最新进展 Aniruddha Hazra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 312–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae062 22 Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年12个州按感染阶段划分的梅毒患者报告的神经系统表现 Sarah B Wondmeneh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 321–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf015 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 23 Investigating the Role of Cytomegalovirus as a Cause of Stillbirths and Child Deaths in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling 通过死后微创组织采样，调查巨细胞病毒在低收入和中等收入国家死胎和儿童死亡原因中的作用 Sithembiso Velaphi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf098 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 24 Bursting at the Seams “撑破” Maxwell Olenski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf488 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 25 Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak in Pakistan During 2019–2021 2019-2021年巴基斯坦2型疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒疫情的临床和流行病学调查 Nayab Mehmood and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf151 26 Inactivated Polio Vaccine Must Be an Essential Part of Polio Eradication 灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗必须是根除脊髓灰质炎的重要组成部分 Konstantin Chumakov and Stanley A Plotkin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf215 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 27 Intracranial Lesion in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 慢性髓性白血病患者颅内病变 Mohammed Shakeel Sillat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 354–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf441 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 28 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-Detection With Other Respiratory Viruses Is Not Significantly Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes Among Children Aged <2 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020 在<2岁的婴幼儿中，呼吸道合胞病毒与其他呼吸道病毒共同检测与临床预后恶化无显著关联：2016-2020年新疫苗监测网络数据 Justin Z Amarin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 358–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf194 29 Transfer of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Specific T Cells in a Pediatric Patient Post-HSCT With Severe, Acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 Infection 一例异基因造血干细胞移植后严重、阿昔洛韦耐药的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染患儿的HSV-1特异性T细胞的输注 Astrid Wintering and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 366–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf125 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 30 Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial 干扰素-α鼻喷雾剂预防可降低癌症患者新冠病毒感染率：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验 Michelle K Yong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e208–e216, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf409 31 A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116, an Adult-Specific Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Naïve Adults 18–64 Years of Age at Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Disease, STRIDE-8 一项3期随机试验，调查V116（一种成人特异性肺炎球菌结合疫苗）在未接种过肺炎球菌疫苗且患肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的18-64岁年龄段成人中的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性，STRIDE-8试验 Paul T Scott and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e217–e226, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf604 32 Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotics Administration in Adults Presenting With Acute Infection: A Randomized Trial 直接从血液进行细菌检测对急性感染成年患者抗生素给药的影响：一项随机试验 David C Gaston and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e227–e235, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf677 33 The Tantalizing Pursuit for a Perfect Diagnostic Test: Balancing Innovation With Stewardship 对完美诊断检测的诱人追求：平衡创新与管理 K C Coffey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e236–e238, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf674 Global Health and Neglected Tropical Diseases（全球健康与被忽视的热带病） 34 Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Screening Tests in a Prospective Multinational Cohort: Chest Radiography With Computer-Aided Detection, Xpert Tuberculosis Host Response, and C-Reactive Protein 在一项前瞻性多国队列研究中，结核病筛查试验的诊断准确性：计算机辅助检测的胸部X光片、Xpert结核宿主反应检测和C反应蛋白 Rebecca Crowder and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e239–e247, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae549 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 35 Risk Assessment in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With HIV by PCE, PREVENT, and SCORE2 通过PCE、PREVENT和SCORE2对全球心血管疾病预防队列中艾滋病毒感染者进行风险评估 Steven K Grinspoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e248–e257, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf542 36 REPRIEVE Analysis of New Cardiovascular Risk Calculators in HIV: Underpredicting Risk Means Preventing Fewer Heart Attacks HIV新心血管风险计算器的REPRIEVE分析：低估风险意味着预防的心脏病发作更少 Matthew S Durstenfeld Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e258–e261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf543 37 Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study) 在病毒学抑制的HIV感染成人中，转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦与继续使用多替拉韦/拉米夫定后的炎症和代谢结局相当（INSTINCT/GESIDA10918研究） Sergio Serrano-Villar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e262–e274, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf565 38 Tenofovir Alafenamide and Body Weight: Have We Finally Tipped the Scale? 丙酚替诺福韦与体重：我们最终是否打破了平衡？ John R Koethe Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e275–e277, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf566 39 Long-Term Clinical, Immunologic, and Viral Reservoir Outcomes in Children Treated With VRC01LS and 10-1074 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Tatelo Study 在Tatelo研究中，接受VRC01LS和10-1074单克隆抗体治疗的儿童的长期临床、免疫学和病毒储存库结局 Gbolahan Ajibola and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e278–e285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf568 40 Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015–2023 2015-2023年美国开具HIV暴露后预防处方的患者趋势 John N Le and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e286–e295, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf581 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 41 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Onco-Hematological Patients According to Chemotherapy Regimen 根据化疗方案分析肿瘤血液学患者中性粒细胞减少性肠结肠炎的流行病学、危险因素和预后 Anne-Sophie Brunel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e296–e307, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf134 42 An Analysis of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity in a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letermovir Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Recipients of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant 在一项3期随机、安慰剂对照试验中，分析来特莫韦预防对巨细胞病毒血清阳性异基因造血细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒特异性细胞介导免疫的影响 Genovefa A Papanicolaou and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e308–e315, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf646 43 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity for Prediction of Postprophylaxis CMV Disease in a Phase 3 Trial of Letermovir Versus Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Donor CMV-Seropositive/Recipient CMV-Seronegative Kidney Transplant Recipients 在供体巨细胞病毒血清阳性/受体巨细胞病毒血清阴性的肾移植受者中，来特莫韦与缬更昔洛韦预防的3期试验中，巨细胞病毒（CMV）特异性细胞介导免疫对预防后CMV疾病的预测作用 Ajit P Limaye and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e316–e324, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf632 44 The Role of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cellular Immunity in Transplant Recipients with Letermovir Prophylaxis: To be Determined 来特莫韦预防移植受者中巨细胞病毒特异性细胞免疫的作用：有待确定 Yoichiro Natori and Martina Sester Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e325–e327, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf633 45 IL12RB1 Deficiency Appearing in North America: Expanding the Clinical Phenotypes 北美出现的IL12RB1缺陷：拓展临床表型 Chen Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e328–e331, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf637 Vaccines（疫苗） 46 A Phase IV, Open-label, Single-Arm, Multicentric Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus 9vHPV Vaccine Immunogenicity in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV: GeSIDA Study 10 017 一项评估人乳头瘤病毒9vHPV疫苗在感染HIV的男男性行为者中免疫原性的IV期、开放标签、单臂、多中心临床试验：GeSIDA 10 017研究 Raquel Ron and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e332–e342, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf435 47 Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine Coadministered With Influenza and 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines 与流感疫苗和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗同时接种的COVID-19信使核糖核酸疫苗的免疫原性和安全性 Omid Rezahosseini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e343–e351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf455 48 Intestinal Mucosal Immune Responses to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 in Healthy Newborns 健康新生儿对新型2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的肠道黏膜免疫反应 Audrey Godin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e352–e360, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf484 49 Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season 老年人呼吸道合胞病毒相关急性呼吸道疾病的估计疫苗有效性：首个上市后季节的研究结果 Sara Y Tartof and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e361–e370, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf496 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 50 Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Mycoplasma genitalium and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 生殖支原体与盆腔炎性疾病（PID）关联的系统综述和荟萃分析 Kay Htaik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e371–e379, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae295 51 Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年美国男男性行为者以及男男性行为者和女性性行为者中性传播感染（STI）/HIV检测、性传播感染和HIV暴露前预防用药情况 Guoyu Tao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e380–e386, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae314 52 Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083 卡博特韦在细菌性性传播感染情况下维持保护效力：HPTN 083的二次分析 Meredith E Clement and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e387–e395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae572 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 53 Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Events and Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 对因呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院患者的心血管事件和危险因素的综合分析 Paulina Sudnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e396–e403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf310 54 In Critical Condition: The Urgent Need to Support Mpox Therapeutic and Diagnostic Pipelines 处于危急状况：迫切需要支持猴痘治疗和诊断管线 Carmen Perez Casas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e404–e408, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf529 Correspondence（读者来信） 55 Caution in Interpreting INSTIs and Weight in Observational Studies 在观察性研究中解读整合酶抑制剂与体重关系时需谨慎 Esteban Martínez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page e409, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf569 56 Weight Trajectories With Integrase Inhibitors: Unaddressed Insights and Limitations in a Chinese Cohort 整合酶抑制剂与体重变化轨迹：中国队列中未解决的见解和局限性 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e409–e410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf570 57 Real-World Evidence as a Complement to Randomized Trials in Interpreting Weight Gain on Modern INSTI Regimens 现实证据作为随机试验的补充，用于解读现代整合酶抑制剂方案导致的体重增加 Xinsheng Wu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e410–e411, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf571 58 C-reactive Protein in TB Meningitis: Signal, Surrogate, or Saboteur? 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：信号、替代指标还是破坏因素？ Patrick K Moonan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e411–e412, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf575 59 C-Reactive Protein in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Viable Biomarker for Individualized Care 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：个体化护理的可行生物标志物 Lillian Tugume and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e412–e413, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf576 60 The Win Ratio Should Be Complemented by Other Win Statistics to Provide a Comprehensive Picture of Relative and Absolute Treatment Effects: The Case Study of the REPRIEVE Trial 胜利比率应与其他胜利统计数据相结合，以全面呈现相对和绝对治疗效果：REPRIEVE试验案例研究 Melissa J Hardy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e413–e414, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf587 61 Small Effects, Big Impact: Multiple Win Measures Aid Interpretation, But Do Not Forget the Bigger Picture 效应虽小，影响重大：多种胜利衡量指标有助于解读，但不要忘记整体情况 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e414–e416, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf588 62 Does Oral Antibiotic Switching Therapy Show Similar Efficacy to Intravenous Administration for Treating Infective Endocarditis? 口服抗生素转换疗法治疗感染性心内膜炎的疗效是否与静脉给药相似？ Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e416–e417, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf598 63 Toward a Wider Use of Oral Antibiotic Switch in Infective Endocarditis 朝着更广泛地使用感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素转换疗法迈进 Romane Pouy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e417–e418, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf599 64 Operationalizing Sepsis Definitions With Artificial Intelligence: Toward Smarter Antibiotic Use 利用人工智能实现败血症定义的落地应用：迈向更明智的抗生素使用 James S Ford and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e418–e419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf601 65 Balancing Innovation in Artificial Intelligence With Practical Sepsis Definitions 平衡人工智能创新与实用的败血症定义 Chanu Rhee and Michael Klompas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e419–e420, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf602 66 Precision Prevention of Tuberculosis in Biologic Therapy: Lessons Beyond Screening Strategies 生物疗法中结核病的精准预防：筛查策略之外的启示 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Yuan-Ti Lee Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e420–e421, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf559 67 Recalibrating COVID-19 Booster Policy: Lessons From Hybrid Immunity and Global Equity Gaps 重新调整COVID-19加强针政策：从混合免疫和全球公平差距中吸取教训 Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e421–e422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf605 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 3 临床传染病学 82卷 3期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Dracunculiasis, 1674 1674年的麦地那龙线虫病 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag089 In the Literature（文献聚焦） 2 In the Literature 文献聚焦 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag012 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 前沿综述：外阴阴道念珠菌病的治疗 Riina Rautemaa-Richardson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 371–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf673 Ethics Rounds（伦理探讨） 4 CARB Your Enthusiasm: An Ethics-Informed Analysis for Clinicians of the US National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria 谨慎对待抗生素：基于伦理学分析美国国家抗耐药菌行动计划对临床医生的启示 Hunter Jackson Smith and Chelsea Modlin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 383–388, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf478 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Mothers 母亲们 Maria Koshy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 389–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf338 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 6 The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens 多粘菌素与美罗培南联合治疗对碳青霉烯类耐药革兰氏阴性菌所致肺炎或血行感染患者预后的影响 Mariya Huralska and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 391–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf398 7 We Cannot Overcome the Mediocrity of Colistin 我们无法忽视多粘菌素的平庸疗效 Jason C Gallagher Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 399–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf592 8 Comparing Clinical, Microbiological, and Genetic Definitions of Relapse in Patients With Subsequent Episodes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint Infection 比较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌骨关节感染后续发作患者复发在临床、微生物学和遗传学上的定义 Kevin Bouiller and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 402–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf448 9 Non-Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Attributes of the Newer β-lactam/β-lactamase Inhibitors, Part 2: Burkholderia cepacia Complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂对非肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶的抗菌特性，第二部分：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合群、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌 Andrew J Fratoni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 411–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf403 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 10 Continuation Versus Temporary Interruption of Immunomodulatory Agents During Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial 炎症性风湿性疾病患者感染期间继续使用与暂时停用免疫调节剂的随机对照试验 Merel A A Opdam and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 420–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf442 11 Effectiveness of Nebulized Bronchodilator-Enhanced Sputum Induction in Thai Patients With Presumed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (NeB-TB Trial) 泰国疑似肺结核患者中雾化支气管扩张剂增强痰诱导的有效性：一项随机对照试验（NeB-TB试验） Pichanon Mingchay and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 427–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf580 12 Bone Biopsy not Superior to Ulcer Bed Biopsy–guided Antibacterial Therapy on Remission of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial 在指导用于缓解糖尿病足骨髓炎的抗菌治疗方面骨活检并不优于溃疡床活检：一项随机对照试验 Rimke S Lagrand and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 436–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf684 13 Do We Need a Bone Biopsy for Managing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis? 我们是否需要对糖尿病足骨髓炎进行骨活检？ Eric M Senneville and Benjamin A Lipsky Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 443–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf685 Critical Care and Sepsis（重症监护与败血症） 14 Contamination of Blood Cultures Drawn From Arterial Catheters Versus Venipuncture or Venous Catheters in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 危重患者从动脉导管与静脉穿刺或静脉导管采集血培养的污染情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Takatoshi Koroki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf260 15 Reassessing Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: Lessons From the ADAPT-Sepsis Trial 重新评估降钙素原指导的败血症危重患者抗生素治疗：来自ADAPT-败血症试验的启示 Simran Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf336 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（传染病控制与医院流行病学） 16 Effectiveness and Safety of Methods to Prevent Bloodstream and Other Infections and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管相关血行感染及其他感染和非感染性并发症的方法的有效性和安全性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Andreea Dobrescu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 459–472, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf063 17 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance 利用生成式人工智能进行医院感染监测 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 473–479, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf619 18 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance: Bridging Precision, Partnership, Practice, and People 人工智能与医院感染监测的未来：融合精准、合作、实践与人文 Mamdooh Alzyood Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 480–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf620 Infections in Older Adults（老年传染病学） 19 Evaluation of Influenza Antiviral Prophylaxis for Long-term Care Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 长期护理机构居民流感抗病毒预防的效果评价：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Ryan Hanula and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 484–493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf101 20 Implementation of Diagnostic Stewardship to Improve Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Use Across 3 Medical Centers 在三家医疗中心实施诊断管理以改善尿路感染抗生素的使用 Kimberly C Claeys and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 494–500, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf411 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 21 Adverse Events of First-Line Therapy for Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 儿童结核病一线治疗的不良反应：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Michael Prodanuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 501–512, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf152 22 The Impact of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Analysis of Brazilian National Surveillance Data 2016–2022 妊娠对结核病治疗效果的影响：基于2016-2022年巴西国家监测数据的分析 Silvia S Chiang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf233 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 23 Persistent Fever and Back Pain After Liver Transplantation 肝移植后持续发热和背痛 Toshiyuki Kishida and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 522–525, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf489 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 24 Stool Processing Methods for Xpert Ultra Testing in Childhood Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Multicountry Accuracy Study 儿童结核病Xpert Ultra检测的粪便处理方法：一项前瞻性、多国准确性研究 Devan Jaganath and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 526–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf289 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 A Bloom Beneath the Skin 皮下绽放之花 Yi Rong Chew and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf550 Vector-Borne Diseases（虫媒传染病） 26 Trends in Anaplasmosis Over the Past Decade: A Review of Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Outcomes 过去十年无形体病趋势：临床特征、实验室数据和预后回顾 Silpita Katragadda and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 539–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf171 27 Completion of Paired Serological Testing Algorithms for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis and Ehrlichiosis, North Carolina: 2017–2020 斑点热立克次体病和埃里希体病配对血清学检测算法的完成情况，北卡罗来纳州：2017-2020年 Huipeng Liao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 548–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf176 COVID-19/SARS-COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Effect of Metformin on the Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Individuals With Overweight or Obese: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study 二甲双胍对超重或肥胖人群患新冠后综合征风险的影响：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究 Ubonphan Chaichana and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e423–e432, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf429 29 Preventing Long COVID With Metformin 使用二甲双胍预防新冠长期症状 Carolyn T Bramante and David R Boulware Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e433–e435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf700 30 Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination and Prior Infections to Reduce Long COVID Risk During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods COVID-19疫苗接种和既往感染在奥密克戎变异株出现前及奥密克戎时期降低新冠长期症状风险的有效性 Sara Carazo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e436–e445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf549 31 International Collaboration to Develop and Harmonize Drug Interaction Guidance for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir During COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic Preparedness 国际合作制定并统一新冠期间奈玛特韦/利托那韦药物相互作用指南：为未来大流行准备汲取的经验教训 Safia Kuriakose and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e446–e454, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf606 Endovascular Infections（血管内感染） 32 Antifungal Therapy in Candida Infective Endocarditis: A Comparison of Echinocandins and Other Treatment Regimens in a Nationwide Cohort Study 念珠菌感染性心内膜炎的抗真菌治疗：一项全国队列研究中棘白菌素与其他治疗方案比较 Siri Kurland and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e455–e461, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf312 33 Should We Extend the Use of Oral Antibiotics in Infective Endocarditis? The ENDO-ORAL Study 我们是否应延长感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素的使用？ENDO-ORAL研究 Benoit Rallet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e462–e470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf452 34 Rethinking the Routine: Are Repeat Blood Cultures Necessary After Completion of Infective Endocarditis Treatment? 重新思考常规做法：感染性心内膜炎治疗完成后是否需要重复血培养？ Jean Regina and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e471–e474, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf617 35 Posttreatment Blood Cultures in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: Valuable, Inconsequential, or Worse? 感染性心内膜炎患者治疗后的血培养：有价值、无关紧要还是有害？ Daniel C DeSimone and Larry M Baddour Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e475–e476, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf618 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 36 Fungal Meningitis in US Patients Who Received Epidural Anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico 在墨西哥马塔莫罗斯接受硬膜外麻醉的美国患者中的真菌性脑膜炎 Dallas J Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e477–e484, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf399 37 Empirical Antifungal Treatment of Critically ⅢPatients With Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Weighted Observational Study 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征危重患者的经验性抗真菌治疗：一项倾向评分加权观察性研究 Stefan Hatzl and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e485–e493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf507 38 Is Empirical Antifungal Therapy the Next Path Forward in Patients With Influenza-Associated ARDS? 经验性抗真菌治疗是否是流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的下一步治疗方向？ Florian Reizine and Jean-Pierre Gangneux Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e494–e496, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf508 39 Valley Fever in Central California: Diagnosis is Not the Finish Line, the Real Gap is Longitudinal Care 加利福尼亚州中部山谷热：诊断并非终点，真正的差距在于纵向护理 Geetha Sivasubramanian Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e497–e502, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf728 Hepatitis（肝炎） 40 The Hepatitis C Cascade of Care for Opioid Agonist Therapy Recipients in Australia 澳大利亚接受阿片类激动剂治疗者的丙型肝炎治疗流程 Samara Griffin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e503–e510, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf352 41 Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence Among People With HIV in Spain Over 2 Decades (2002–2023) 西班牙20多年来（2002-2023年）HIV感染者中丙型肝炎病毒感染流行率的趋势 Juan Berenguer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e511–e520, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf407 42 Gaps in the Hepatitis C Prenatal and Postpartum Care Cascade: Rationale for Treatment in Pregnancy 丙型肝炎围产期和产后治疗流程中的差距：孕期治疗的理由 Andrew B Mendlowitz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e521–e533, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf578 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 43 Combined Use of Ibalizumab and Lenacapavir for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant HIV-1: A Case Series 艾巴利珠单抗和来那卡帕韦联合治疗多重耐药HIV-1：病例系列研究 Charlotte Rolle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e534–e540, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf597 44 New Strategies for a Vexing Problem: Injectables to the Rescue for People With Multidrug-Resistant HIV 棘手问题的新策略：注射剂助力多重耐药HIV感染者 William R Short and Onyema E Ogbuagu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e541–e543, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf600 45 The Bounce-back Effect: What Happens After Cessation of Low-dose Semaglutide in People With HIV 反弹效应：HIV感染者停用低剂量司美格鲁肽后会发生什么 Kristine M Erlandson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e544–e548, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf652 46 Infections After Kidney Transplantation From Donors With HIV to Recipients With HIV HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况 Elizabeth C Arant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e549–e557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf656 47 Infections After Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV to Recipients with HIV: Insights, Prevention, and the Path Forward HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况：见解、预防和未来方向 Abhay Dhand and Stephanie M Pouch Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e558–e560, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf657 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道传染病） 48 Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的多病共存情况及严重院内结局 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e561–e570, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf405 49 Characterizing Treatment Adherence Trajectories in the endTB Multisite Cohort of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: An Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling 在endTB多站点耐药结核病患者队列中描述治疗依从性轨迹：基于组别的轨迹建模应用 Stephanie Law and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e571–e579, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf467 50 Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States—2017–2020 2017 - 2020年美国按流感类型和亚型划分的住院成人流感患者临床表现严重程度及预后 Seana Cleary and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e580–e588, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf545 51 Reported Tuberculosis Symptoms: An Inadequate Classifier of Disease State 报告的结核病症状：疾病状态分类的不足指标 Nicky McCreesh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e589–e594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf611 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 52 Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024 2023 - 2024年更新版（单价XBB.1.5）新冠疫苗对SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎XBB和BA.2.86/JN.1谱系住院的有效性及临床严重程度比较——IVY网络，26家医院，2023年10月18日 - 2024年3月9日 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e595–e603, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae405 53 High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019–2022 2019 - 2022年马拉维疑似原发性梅毒患者中杜克雷嗜血杆菌的高流行率 Mitch M Matoga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e604–e611, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf114 54 Characteristics Associated With Disseminated Gonococcal Infections vs Uncomplicated Gonorrhea: A California Case-control Study, 2021–2022 与播散性淋球菌感染（而非单纯性淋病）相关的特征：2021 - 2022年加利福尼亚病例对照研究 Kelly A Johnson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e612–e615, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf311 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 55 Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Progression to Disease Among Men Who Have Sex With Men 男男性行为者肛门人乳头瘤病毒感染进展为疾病的情况 Joel M Palefsky and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e616–e625, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf584 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Cardiac Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Overlooked Confounders, Biomarkers, and Host-Driven Shifts 肺炎支原体感染的心脏并发症：被忽视的混杂因素、生物标志物及宿主驱动的变化 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Ming-Cheng Lin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e626–e627, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf609 57 Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Cardiac Complications Revisited 重新审视肺炎支原体相关心脏并发症 Daniel Grupel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e627–e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf610 58 Screening for Anal Cancer Is Associated With Real Harms and Questionable Benefits 肛门癌筛查存在实际危害且益处存疑 Chris Kenyon Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf613 59 Anal Cancer Screening: A Balanced Approach is Necessary 肛门癌筛查：需采取平衡的方法 Hayden S Andrews and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e628–e629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf614 60 Collateral Benefits and Methodological Limits of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization for Infant Otitis Media and Antibiotic Use 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对婴儿中耳炎和抗生素使用的附带益处及方法学局限 Tsai Ling Ting and Kai-Lun Sheu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e629–e630, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf640 61 Interpretation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Impact on Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: Key Considerations 解读呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎的影响：关键考量因素 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e630–e631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf641 62 A Possible Increase in Penicillin-Resistant Strains of Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体青霉素耐药菌株可能增加 Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e631–e632, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf643 63 Surveillance of Resistance-Associated Mutations in Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体耐药相关突变的监测 Kai-Hsiang Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e632–e633, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf645 64 Does Empirical Antifungal Therapy Reduce IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS? Methodological Concerns on Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Clinical Heterogeneity 经验性抗真菌治疗能否减少流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征（IAPA）的发生？诊断、监测和临床异质性方面的方法学问题 Ming Xue and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e633–e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf661 65 Empirical Antifungal Therapy and IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS: Insights from Real-World Data 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的经验性抗真菌治疗和IAPA：来自现实数据的见解 Stefan Hatzl and Robert Krause Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf664 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_2 临床传染病学 82卷增刊2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_2 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Advancing Tuberculosis Research Through RePORT International: Enhancing Treatment Outcomes, Predicting Disease Progression, and Improving Diagnosis 通过结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟（RePORT International）推动结核病研究：提高治疗效果、预测疾病进展及改善诊断 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 A Narrative Review of the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis International Consortium: Sharing Diverse Data and Specimens in the Fight Against Tuberculosis 结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟的叙述性综述：在抗击结核病中共享多样数据和样本 Rajita Bhavaraju and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S53–S59, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag151 2 Long-term Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review 长期肺部结核后遗症：一项叙述性综述 Akshay N Gupte and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S60–S67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag123 3 From Exposure to Disease: Predicting Tuberculosis Progression 从接触感染到发病：预测结核病进展 Mariana Araújo-Pereira and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S68–S74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag125 4 Asymptomatic Tuberculosis Across the Disease Spectrum: A Scoping Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications 疾病谱中的无症状结核：一项关于流行病学、诊断和公共卫生影响的范围综述 Beatriz Barreto Duarte and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S75–S84, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag150 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 4 临床传染病学 82卷 4期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时光的传染病学技艺） 1 La Petite Vérole 天花 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag118 In the Literature（文献精选） 2 In the Literature 文献精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag013 Joint Editorial（联合社论） 3 Protocols for Randomized Controlled Trials: Advancing Transparency in Infectious Diseases 随机对照试验方案：推动传染病领域透明度提升 Jean-Jacques Parienti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page 557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag198 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（临床传染病疑难杂症） 4 Uncertain Terrain 不确定的领域 Kap Sum Foong and Sara W Dong Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 558–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf283 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Lessons I Learned from Our Soldier 我从我们的士兵身上学到的经验 Mitchell J Schwaber Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 562–563, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf433 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 6 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine, Lenacapavir, and Ibalizumab Use Among Persons With HIV-1 Viremia at a Ryan White-Funded Clinic in the Urban US South 美国南部城市由瑞安·怀特资助的诊所中，HIV-1病毒血症患者使用长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林、来那卡帕韦和艾巴利珠单抗的情况 Jonathan A Colasanti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 564–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf425 7 In the Mismatch: Viral Suppression Despite Low Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort 矛盾现象：在多中心艾滋病队列研究/妇女跨机构HIV研究联合队列中，尽管干燥血斑中磷酸替诺福韦水平低，但仍能实现病毒抑制 Sarah C Mann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 575–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf509 8 Prognostic Value of Blood Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging in Persons With Well-Controlled HIV-1 Infection 血液衰老表观遗传生物标志物在HIV-1感染控制良好人群中的预后价值 Patricia Martínez-Martín and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 583–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf537 9 HIV Resistance to Dolutegravir Varies With Coadministered Agents HIV对多替拉韦的耐药性随联合用药的不同而有所差异 Ingrid A Beck and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 592–596, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf481 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 10 Letermovir Prophylaxis Guided by Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity Improves the Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients 基于巨细胞病毒细胞介导免疫的莱特莫韦预防可改善异体基因造血干细胞移植受者的预后 Luxiang Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 597–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf410 11 Changing Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Retrospective National Cohort Study 进行性多灶性白质脑病临床和实验室特征的变化：一项回顾性全国队列研究 Ilaria Mainardi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf501 12 Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort 嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法后呼吸道合胞病毒感染：一项多中心回顾性队列研究中的风险因素和预后 Maria Isabel Sotelo-Alva and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 618–621, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag052 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 13 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Position Statement: Why IDSA Did Not Endorse the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines 2025 Update 美国传染病学会（IDSA）立场声明：为何IDSA未认可《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》更新版 Michael Klompas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 622–624, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf625 14 We Dissent: Lessons From the 2025 Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines 我们持不同意见：从《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》中汲取的教训 Leila S Hojat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 625–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf626 15 Associations Between Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Positive Respiratory Viral Assays 社区获得性肺炎且呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性住院患者抗生素使用与预后的关联 Brett Biebelberg and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 630–638, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf687 16 Comparative Effectiveness of Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Treated With Beta-Lactams: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study 联合β-内酰胺类药物治疗社区获得性肺炎的住院患者中，阿奇霉素与多西环素疗效的比较：一项多中心匹配队列研究 Yewande E Odeyemi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 639–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf252 17 Target Trial Emulation of Empiric Antibiotics on Clinical Outcomes in Moderately Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia 针对中度免疫功能低下肺炎住院患者，经验性抗生素对临床预后的目标试验模拟研究 Louis Saravolatz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 648–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf344 18 Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization on the Rate of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Time-series Analysis 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎发生率的影响：一项时间序列分析 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 658–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf564 Vaccines（疫苗） 19 LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial 使用LC16m8针对高危人群进行猴痘暴露前预防：一项开放标签随机试验 Nobumasa Okumura and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 665–672, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf074 20 Immunogenicity and Safety of 2 Versus 3 Doses of 9-Valent Vaccine Against Human Papillomavirus in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Papillon Randomized Trial 在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的女性中，接种2剂与3剂九价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的免疫原性和安全性：Papillon随机试验 Deborah Konopnicki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 673–681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf241 21 Screening and Vaccination Rates for Tetanus, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B Among Individuals With Substance Use Disorders Hospitalized in an Integrated US Health System 在美国综合医疗机构中住院的成瘾性患者的破伤风、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎筛查及接种率 Jennifer H Ku and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 682–688, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf251 22 Atrial Fibrillation After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Among Older Adults 老年人接种呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗后发生心房颤动的情况 Morgan Birabaharan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 689–691, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae649 23 Approaches to Comparing Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness to Guide Potential Preferential Product Recommendations 比较流感疫苗有效性的方法，以指导可能的优先产品推荐 Edward A Belongia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 692–697, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf563 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 24 Clinical Features and Outcomes of Human Herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis 危重患者人类疱疹病毒6型DNA血症的临床特征和预后：一项回顾性多中心分析 Margot Combet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 698–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf199 25 Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Risk and Disease in Kidney Donors and Transplant Recipients With HIV in the United States 美国HIV感染肾捐赠者和移植受者中卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒的风险和疾病 Puja H Nambiar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 709–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf229 26 Clinical Outcomes of Mpox Disease in Patients Treated With Tecovirimat 接受特考韦瑞治疗的猴痘病患者的临床预后 Ciarra Leocadio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 720–726, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf520 27 Effective Antivirals in Pandemic Preparedness: Past Mistakes, Future Needs 大流行防范中的有效抗病毒药物：过去的错误，未来的需求 Antonios-Periklis Panagiotopoulos and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 727–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf648 Photo Quizzes（影像问答） 28 From Soil to Skin: An Unexpected Cause of Necrotizing Cellulitis 从土壤到皮肤：坏死性蜂窝织炎的意外病因 Erica Peak and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 734–737, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf555 29 A 67-year-Old Immunocompromised Male Presenting With Right Upper-Quadrant Abdominal Pain and Hepatic Lesions 一例67岁免疫功能低下男性，出现右上腹疼痛和肝脏病变 Sara Yousef Zadeh Shoushtari and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 738–741, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf729 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 30 Patient-reported Perceptions, Experiences, and Preferences Around Intravenous and Oral Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study 金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者对静脉和口服抗生素治疗的自我报告认知、体验和偏好：一项描述性质性研究 Genevieve Walls and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e635–e642, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf522 31 Reproducible Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Clinical Subphenotypes 金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症临床亚型的可重复性识别 Maaike C Swets and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e643–e651, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf655 32 Disease Trends and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Long-Term Population-Based Study 侵袭性肺炎球菌病的疾病趋势和死亡率：一项长期人群基础研究 Hörður Tryggvi Bragason and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e652–e661, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf670 33 When and How to Use Subcutaneous Antibiotics 皮下注射抗生素的使用时机和方法 Stefano Di Bella and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e662–e673, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf691 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 34 Using the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial to Influence Institutional Practice Transformation Towards Earlier Transition to Oral Antibiotics 利用口服与肠外抗菌治疗比较（COPAT）临床实验推动机构实践转型，以更早地过渡到口服抗生素治疗 Joy J Juskowich and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e674–e681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf707 35 The Fate of Oral Meds 口服药物的命运 Monica V Mahoney Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e682–e683, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf708 36 Early Symptom Response in Patients With Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Treated With Gepotidacin or Nitrofurantoin: Pooled Analysis From Two Pivotal Phase 3 Studies 接受吉泊西汀或呋喃妥因治疗的无并发症尿路感染患者的早期症状反应：两项关键性3期研究的汇总分析 Amanda J Sheets and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e684–e692, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf722 37 Regional Variations of Rates and Determinants of Drug Resistance Mutations in People Failing First-line Therapy for HIV-1: A Substudy from the D2EFT Phase 3b/4 Clinical Trial HIV-1一线治疗失败人群中耐药突变发生率和决定因素的区域差异：D2EFT 3b/4期临床试验的子研究 Billal Musah Obeng and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e693–e704, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf739 38 What's Hot This Year in ID Clinical Science 2025 2025年传染病临床学科领域的年度热点 Jeffrey A Freiberg and Patty W Wright Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e705–e709, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf740 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 39 Impact of Vaginal Estradiol on the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vaginal Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Mediators in Women With HIV 阴道雌二醇对HIV感染女性绝经生殖泌尿综合征、阴道微生物群和黏膜免疫介质的影响 Kerry Murphy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e710–e719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf669 40 Pharmacokinetics of Twice-daily Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With HIV-associated Tuberculosis on Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Rifampicin 在接受比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦和利福平治疗的HIV相关结核病成人患者中，每日两次丙酚替诺福韦的药代动力学 Emmanuella Chinonso Osuala and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e720–e727, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf732 41 Integrating HIV and Stimulant-Use Disorder Treatment: A Pilot Implementation Effectiveness Trial of Contingency Management in HIV Care 整合HIV和兴奋剂使用障碍治疗：在HIV护理中开展应急管理试点实施效果试验 Ayesha Appa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e728–e734, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag006 42 Hepatitis B Reactivation in a US Cohort of People With HIV and Hepatitis B Core Antibody After Switch to Antiretroviral Therapy Without Hepatitis B Activity 美国HIV和乙型肝炎核心抗体阳性人群在转换为无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎复发的队列研究 Rachel V Denyer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e735–e742, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag001 43 Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in People With HIV After Treatment With Non-hepatitis B Virus-Active Antiretroviral Therapy 接受无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者乙型肝炎病毒复发情况 Amir M Mohareb and Anders Boyd Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e743–e745, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag002 44 The Potential Effect of Ending Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Funding for HIV Tests: A Modeling Study in 18 States 终止美国疾病控制与预防中心对HIV检测资助的潜在影响：对18个州的建模研究 Ruchita Balasubramanian and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e746–e754, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag038 45 Cutting Federal Funds for HIV Testing Means Not Ending the HIV Epidemic 削减HIV检测的联邦资金意味着无法终结HIV流行 Sarah E Scott and Joshua A Barocas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e755–e756, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag039 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 46 Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Prevention Program in General Medicine Wards, Siriraj Hospital 西拉查医院普通内科病房强化碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌预防计划的整群随机对照试验 Apiradee Taweesuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e757–e764, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf523 47 Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Clinical Candida auris Infection Among Adults With Previous Colonization—Florida, 2019–2023 2019-2023年佛罗里达州既往定植的成人进展为临床耳念珠菌感染的相关风险因素 Katharine E Saunders and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e765–e772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf551 48 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence to Identify Central Line–associated Bloodstream Infections 利用生成式人工智能识别中心静脉导管相关血流感染 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e773–e780, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf636 49 Infection Control in Carceral Facilities 监狱设施中的感染控制 Amadin A Olotu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e781–e790, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf479 50 Infection Prevention and Control in Carceral Settings 监狱环境中的感染预防与控制 April N McDougal and Lara B Strick Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e791–e793, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf480 51 Impact of Discontinuation of Contact Precautions on Healthcare-associated Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital: An Interrupted Time-series Analysis 一家大型三级医院停止接触预防措施对医院获得性产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的影响：一项中断时间序列分析 Stefano Musumeci and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e794–e798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf594 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 52 Estimating Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in US Medicare-enrolled Older Adults Following Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: A Self-controlled Case Series Analysis 美国医疗保险参保老年人因需就医的呼吸道合胞病毒疾病后患吉兰-巴雷综合征的风险评估：一项自我对照病例系列分析 Caihua Liang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e799–e806, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf621 53 Independent Testing to Accelerate the Development of Lateral Flow Assays for Influenza A, Influenza B and SARS-COV-2 独立检测以加速甲型流感、乙型流感和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型侧流层析检测法的开发 Anuradha Rao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e807–e815, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf660 54 Diagnostic Yield of Tongue Swab- Compared to Sputum-Based Molecular Testing for Tuberculosis in Four High-Burden Countries 在四个高负担国家，与痰液分子检测相比，舌拭子检测对结核病的诊断效果 Caitlin A Moe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e816–e823, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag077 55 Are We Ready for the Gift Tongues Can Give to Tuberculosis? 我们准备好接受舌头为结核病诊断带来的“馈赠”了吗？ Michael R Barer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e824–e825, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag078 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 56 Evaluating the Impact of Implementing and Scaling-Up the Use of Syphilis Rapid/Point-of-Care Tests: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of New Syphilis Positivity Rates in Alberta, Canada 评估实施和扩大梅毒快速/即时检测使用的影响：加拿大阿尔伯塔省新发梅毒阳性率的中断时间序列分析 L Alexa Thompson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e826–e835, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf651 57 Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and HIV-Positive Individuals 男男性行为者中与人乳头瘤病毒相关的肛门癌前病变：暴露前预防用药者与HIV阳性者的对比研究 Magali Surmont and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e836–e842, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf724 58 Is 3 Really What We Need? Relative Effectiveness of Benzathine Penicillin G and Doxycycline Treatment Regimens for Late or Unknown Duration Syphilis in 6 US Jurisdictions, 2016–2021 我们需要“3”吗？2016-2021年美国6个司法管辖区晚期或病程不明梅毒患者使用苄星青霉素G和多西环素治疗方案的相对疗效 River A Pugsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e843–e851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag099 59 Strong Real-World Evidence That a Single Dose of Benzathine Penicillin G or a 28-Day Course of Oral Doxycycline Is Not Inferior to 3 Doses of Benzathine Penicillin G for the Treatment of Late Latent or Unknown Duration Syphilis 强力现实证据表明，单剂苄星青霉素G或28天口服多西环素治疗晚期潜伏梅毒或病程不明梅毒的疗效并不逊于3剂苄星青霉素G Noah Kojima and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e852–e854, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag101 Vaccines（疫苗） 60 Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Revaccination With mRNA-1345, an mRNA Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Administered 12 Months Following a Primary Dose in Adults Aged ≥50 Years 对≥50岁成年人，在初次接种12个月后再次接种针对呼吸道合胞病毒的mRNA疫苗mRNA-1345的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性 Jaya Goswami and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e855–e862, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf515 61 Analysis of Antibody Markers as Immune Correlates of Risk of Severe COVID-19 in the PREVENT-19 Efficacy Trial of the NVX-CoV2373 Recombinant Protein Vaccine 在NVX-CoV2373重组蛋白疫苗PREVENT-19有效性试验中，抗体标志物作为严重新型冠状病毒肺炎风险免疫相关因素的分析 Youyi Fong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e863–e874, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf558 62 Is It Time to Reassess the Target Age of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Globally? 现在是时候重新评估全球人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种的目标年龄了吗？ Edie Brassington and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e875–e883, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf679 63 Preschool or Infant Human Papillomavirus Immunization? 学龄前还是婴儿期接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗？ Mark A Kane and Eduardo L Franco Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e884–e886, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf678 Correspondence（读者来信） 64 Caution in Interpreting Equivalence From Nonsignificant Findings in Antiretroviral Switch Studies 谨慎解读抗逆转录病毒药物转换研究中非显著性结果得出的等效性结论 Esteban Martinez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e887–e888, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf675 65 Clarifying INSTINCT: Switching From Dolutegravir/Lamivudine to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Shows Comparable Inflammatory and Weight Outcomes 阐明INSTINCT研究：从多替拉韦/拉米夫定转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦显示出相似的炎症和体重结果 Sergio Serrano-Villar and Santiago Moreno Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e888–e889, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf676 66 Can Doxycycline Prophylaxis Indirectly Reduce Congenital Syphilis? 多西环素预防能否间接降低先天性梅毒的发生率？ Kalpana Gopalkrishnan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e889–e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf694 67 The Urgency of Now: Congenital Syphilis in the Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Era 迫在眉睫：多西环素暴露后预防时代的先天性梅毒问题 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf695 68 Routine HIV RNA Testing During Injectable Cabotegravir and Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis Use 注射用卡博特韦和口服暴露前预防用药期间进行常规HIV RNA检测 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e891–e892, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf702 69 Simplifying Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus During Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring 简化暴露前预防监测期间的人类免疫缺陷病毒检测 Weiming Zhu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e892–e893, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf703 70 Methodological Considerations in Evaluating Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted Patients 评估B细胞耗竭患者口服抗病毒药物的方法学考量 Wenjing Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e893–e894, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf717 71 Target Trial Emulation of Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted COVID-19 Patients—Reply to Chen et al B细胞耗竭型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者口服抗病毒药物的靶试验模拟——回复Chen等人的评论 Xiaofeng F Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e894–e895, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf718 72 Misleading Conclusion That Is Not in Accordance With the Results of the Reported Randomized, Controlled Trial 与所报告的随机对照试验结果不符的误导性结论 Charlotte Strøm Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e895–e896, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf659 73 Vaccine Policy Pendulum: A Lesson From Japan 疫苗政策摇摆不定：日本的教训 Masaki Machida and Wakaba Fukushima Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e896–e897, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf689 74 Herpes Zoster, Vaccine, and Stroke Risk 带状疱疹、疫苗与中风风险 Shih-Wei Lai and Sheng-Chun Chiu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e897–e898, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf725 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_4 临床传染病学 82卷增刊4期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_4 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） IDWeek Industry Highlights 2025 传染病之周2025 行业亮点 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 Selected Industry Highlights From IDWeek 2025 传染病之周2025 精选行业亮点 Jean-Jacques Parienti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S85–S86, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag206 2 Differing Presentations of Excess Visceral Abdominal Fat in People Living With HIV: Two Clinical Cases Highlighting Distinct Therapeutic Pathways With Tesamorelin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists HIV感染者内脏腹部脂肪过多的不同表现：两例临床病例展示特沙莫瑞林与胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂的不同治疗路径 Robin Beach and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S87–S91, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag121 3 Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in Central Nervous System Infections: Clinical Strategies, Evidence, and Best Practices 宏基因组二代测序在中枢神经系统感染中的应用：临床策略、证据与最佳实践 Greer Waldrop and Sumanth P Reddy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S92–S99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag120 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 5 临床传染病学 82卷 5期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Vaccination Detail, Detroit Industry 疫苗接种细节，底特律工业 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag119 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature 本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag180 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 3 Infected With the Academic Bug 染上学术热 Sigrun Einarsdottir Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 743–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf546 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 4 Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein for Hospitalization and Mortality Among People With Advanced HIV Disease in Uganda Receiving the World Health Organization-recommended Package of Care C反应蛋白对乌干达接受世界卫生组织推荐治疗方案的晚期HIV疾病患者住院和死亡的预测价值 Elizabeth L Schwartz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 745–752, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf560 5 Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial 塞马谷肽对HIV感染者认知功能的影响：一项随机对照试验 Ornina Atieh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 753–761, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf577 6 Earlier Initiation of Treatment Following HIV Acquisition Reduces Non-AIDS-defining Malignancy Risk HIV感染后尽早启动治疗可降低非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤风险 Iris A J van der Wulp and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 762–772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf595 7 Let's Get It Started: Early Antiretroviral Treatment After HIV Acquisition Reduces Non–AIDS-Defining Malignancies 让我们开始吧：HIV感染后尽早启动抗逆转录病毒治疗可减少非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤 Nancy Crum Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 773–775, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf596 8 Trends in Age-Related Health Outcomes in People with HIV in Spain, 2006–2023 2006–2023年西班牙HIV感染者年龄相关健康结局的趋势 Javier Martínez-Sanz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 776–784, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf622 9 Emergent HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Randomized Trials of Contemporary Antiretroviral Regimens 当代抗逆转录病毒方案随机试验中新发HIV-1耐药性 Josep M Llibre and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 785–798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf471 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review of Frequency, Risk Factors, and Exposure Conditions 医疗机构中结核分枝杆菌传播：频率、危险因素及暴露条件的系统综述 Fizza Manzoor and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 799–807, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag053 Medical Microbiology（医学微生物学） 11 Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid: First-year Experience at a Tertiary Referral Hospital 脑脊液宏基因组二代测序：一家三级转诊医院首年经验 Sergio Alvarez Mulett and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 808–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf390 12 Navigating Nomenclature in Patient Care: Taxonomy Considerations From the College of American Pathologists’Microbiology Committee 患者诊疗中的命名导航：美国病理学家学会微生物学委员会的分类学考量 Jennifer Dien Bard and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 815–821, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf474 13 Implementing Point-of-Care Testing in Infectious Diseases 在感染性疾病中实施床旁检测 Jean-Claude Nguyen Van and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 822–828, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf650 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 14 Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Tuberculosis (TB) Patients on TB Transmission 糖尿病对结核病（TB）患者TB传播的影响 Chuan-Chin Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 829–840, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf647 15 Association of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis With Crohn's Disease: A Large Multicenter Study From a Tuberculosis-Endemic Region 副结核分枝杆菌与克罗恩病的关联：来自结核病流行地区的一项大型多中心研究 Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 841–847, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf738 16 Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a High Migration Setting: Early Experience With 1HP in Cook County, Illinois 高移民背景下的短程结核病预防性治疗：库克县（伊利诺伊州）1HP方案的早期经验 Samuel Starke and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 848–851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf723 17 Role of Low-Dose Infliximab for Inflammatory Complications of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study 低剂量英夫利昔单抗在中枢神经系统结核炎性并发症中的作用：一项回顾性队列研究 Selwyn Selva Kumar D and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 852–856, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf573 18 Targeting Inflammation in Tuberculous Meningitis Treatment 靶向结核性脑膜炎治疗中的炎症 Guy E Thwaites Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 857–859, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf574 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious（儿科与孕产妇感染） 19 A 15-year Single-center Analysis of Late-onset Group B Streptococcus Infection Correlating Clinical Severity With Pathogen Virulence Determinants 晚发型B族链球菌感染的15年单中心分析：临床严重程度与病原体毒力因子的相关性 Carl Britto and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 860–867, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf603 20 Evaluating Personal and Environmental Decolonization Strategies for Children With Skin and Soft Tissue Infection and Their Households — A Randomized Clinical Trial 评估皮肤和软组织感染儿童及其家庭的个人与环境去定植策略——一项随机临床试验 Alaina L Robinson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 868–877, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf627 Surgical Infectious Diseases（外科感染） 21 Impact of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)–Active Perioperative Prophylaxis in Liver Transplant Patients Colonized by VRE 万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）主动围手术期预防对VRE定植肝移植受者的影响 Giulia Jole Burastero and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 878–887, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf121 22 Cephalosporins Versus Non-cephalosporin Antibiotics for Perioperative Prophylaxis in Primary Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 头孢菌素与非头孢菌素类抗生素在初次关节置换术围手术期预防中的比较：系统综述与荟萃分析 Rita Igwilo-Alaneme and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 888–900, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag172 Photo Quizzes（影像问答） 23 Safari Souvenir: A Case of Fever in a Returning Traveler safari纪念品：一例返程旅行者发热病例 Nicole L Kusnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 901–903, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag129 24 Diagnostic Pitfalls—When First Appearances Can Deceive 诊断陷阱——当表象具有欺骗性 Annie Caldwell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 904–907, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag044 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 25 Evaluation of a Remote Therapeutic Monitoring Device and Integrated Care Platform in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy 远程治疗监测设备与综合护理平台在门诊肠外抗微生物治疗中的评估 Emily A Siegrist and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e899–e909, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag009 26 Dolutegravir Reduces Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Proviral Load and Improves Neurological Outcomes in a Phase 2 Controlled Trial 多替拉韦降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型前病毒载量并改善神经系统预后：一项2期对照试验 Carlos Brites and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e910–e920, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag163 27 Dolutegravir Appears to Lower Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load: The Emerging Rational Approach to Treatment of HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy 多替拉韦似乎可降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）前病毒载量：HTLV-1相关脊髓病治疗的新兴理性方法 Eric A Meyerowitz Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e921–e922, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag164 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Overlapping Clinical Presentation of Long COVID and Postacute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome: Phenotypes, Severity, and Biomarkers 长效新冠与急性新冠疫苗接种后综合征的临床表现重叠：表型、严重程度及生物标志物 Lawrence Purpura and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e923–e931, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf624 29 Integrating Genomic Data into Test-negative Designs for Estimating Lineage-specific COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness 将基因组数据整合入检测阴性设计以估计谱系特异性COVID-19疫苗有效性 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e932–e941, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag059 Hepatitis（肝炎） 30 Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in People With HIV HIV感染者经直接抗病毒药物治疗丙型肝炎病毒后肝细胞癌的风险 Daniela K van Santen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e942–e950, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf635 31 Fatal Overdose, Acute Viral Hepatitis, and HIV Attributed to Injection Drug Use, Appalachian Region of the United States, 2000–2023 阿巴拉契亚地区2000–2023年注射吸毒导致的致命过量、急性病毒性肝炎及HIV Danae Bixler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e951–e959, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf730 32 Estimated Hepatitis C Prevalence and Viral Clearance Using Residual Sera From a Large Commercial Laboratory: November 2023–September 2024 利用大型商业实验室剩余血清估算丙型肝炎患病率及病毒清除率：2023年11月至2024年9月 Megan G Hofmeister and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e960–e966, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag007 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 33 State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs’Contribution to the US Viral Suppression, 2015–2022 美国各州艾滋病药物援助项目对全美病毒抑制的贡献，2015–2022年 Kathleen A McManus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e967–e973, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag034 34 Centering AIDS Drug Assistance Programs in the US HIV Response 将艾滋病药物援助项目置于美国HIV应对的核心 Benjamin P Linas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e974–e975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag035 35 Association of Immunodeficiency and HIV Viremia With Cervical Precancer and Cancer Risk Among Women With HIV in South Africa 南非HIV感染女性中免疫缺陷和HIV病毒血症与宫颈癌前病变及癌症风险的关联 Yann Ruffieux and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e976–e983, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag093 36 Antiretroviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of MK-8527, an Oral Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor, in Adults With HIV-1 Who Had Not Previously Taken Antiretroviral Agents: Results From 2 Open-Label, Phase 1 Studies MK-8527（一种口服核苷逆转录酶转位抑制剂）在既往未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV-1感染成人中的抗逆转录病毒活性、药代动力学及安全性：来自两项开放标签1期研究的结果 Russ P Carstens and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e984–e991, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag135 37 Point-of-Care Urine Tenofovir Drug-Level Feedback Counseling Improves Long-Term Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence for US Men Who Have Sex With Men in Pilot RCT 床旁尿液替诺福韦药物浓度反馈咨询改善美国男男性行为者长期暴露前预防用药依从性——一项先导随机对照试验 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e992–e995, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag080 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 38 Diagnostic Accuracy of the STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA Assay for Tuberculosis Infection in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA检测在越南结核感染诊断中的准确性：一项横断面研究 Han Thi Nguyen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e996–e1004, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf561 39 Asymptomatic Tuberculosis in Children With Household Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis 有结核分枝杆菌家庭接触史儿童中的无症状结核病 Humphrey Mulenga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1005–e1013, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf562 40 Insights into the Role of Rifampicin Exposure and Clinical Baseline Covariates on the Response to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment 利福平暴露及临床基线协变量对肺结核治疗反应影响的深入认识 Marie Wijk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1014–e1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf586 41 Tuberculosis Infection Screening Recommendations for Targeted Immunotherapies: Comparison of US Prescribing Information, Clinical Resources, and Quality Measures 靶向免疫治疗的结核感染筛查建议：美国处方信息、临床资源与质量指标的比较 Matthew T Murrill and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1023–e1035, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf628 42 Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone in Tuberculous Meningitis 地塞米松在结核性脑膜炎中的药代动力学 Jose M Calderin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1036–e1042, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf642 43 One Piece in the Puzzle of Tuberculous Meningitis: Dexamethasone Pharmacokinetics 结核性脑膜炎拼图中的一块：地塞米松药代动力学 Tjip S van der Werf and Marieke G G Sturkenboom Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1043–e1044, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf644 44 Future Prospects for Using Clinical Phenotypes in Tuberculosis Precision Medicine—An Approach for Clinical Management 临床表型用于结核精准医学的未来前景——一种临床管理方法 Katarina Niward and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1045–e1052, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf663 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇感染） 45 Maternal, Pregnancy, and Infant Outcomes in Women Treated for Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis With Novel and Repurposed Drugs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省接受新型及重新利用药物治疗耐多药/利福平耐药结核病的女性的母婴预后 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1053–e1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf593 46 Pregnant Women With Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis and the All-Oral 6-Month Regimen: Experiences From a Patient Series in South Africa 南非耐多药/利福平耐药结核病孕妇与全口服6个月方案：一例系列患者的经验 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1063–e1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag032 47 Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Shedding and T-cell Immune Responses in HCMV-seropositive Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Prevalence, Natural History, and Risk Factors HCMV血清阳性女性孕期及产后人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）排毒和T细胞免疫应答：患病率、自然史及危险因素 Shari Sapuan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1072–e1082, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag076 Vaccines（疫苗） 48 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Fourth Dose of Omicron BA.1–Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults 18–55 Years Old 奥密克戎BA.1适配BNT162b2 COVID-19疫苗第四剂在18–55岁成人中的安全性和免疫原性 Patricia Winokur and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1083–e1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag026 49 Immunogenicity and Safety of the AS01E-adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Adults Aged 18–49 Years at Increased Risk of RSV Disease Compared with Adults Aged ≥60 Years AS01E佐剂呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）预融合F蛋白疫苗在18–49岁RSV高风险成人中与≥60岁成人的免疫原性和安全性比较 Essack Mitha and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1093–e1103, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag058 50 Real-World Effectiveness of RSVpreF and RSVpreF3 Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalization and Emergency Department Visits Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults: A Meta-analysis RSVpreF和RSVpreF3疫苗在预防老年人RSV相关住院和急诊就诊中的真实世界有效性：一项荟萃分析 Dewan Md Sumsuzzman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1104–e1111, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag107 51 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Interim Findings From a Phase 3 Trial of mRNA-1345 实体器官移植受者的呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗接种：mRNA-1345三期试验中期结果 Erick F Mayer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1112–e1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag108 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 52 Crusted, Chronic, and Confusing 结痂、慢性化与困惑 Luisa Hurtado-Rossi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1122–e1125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf583 Correspondence（读者来信） 53 Unmasking the Hidden Guests: Referral and Secondary Infection Biases in Cutibacterium Endocarditis 揭开隐藏的访客：Cutibacterium心内膜炎中的转诊偏倚和二次感染偏倚 Shuo Li and Lin Wang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1126, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf733 54 Reply to Willoughby on the Demise of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies 对Willoughby关于密尔沃基狂犬病方案终结的回复 Alan C Jackson and Thiravat Hemachudha Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1126–e1127, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf734 55 Estimating Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Infection From Its Effectiveness Against Asymptomatic Infection 从无症状感染的疫苗有效性估算有症状感染的疫苗有效性 Eyal Shahar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1127–e1128, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf735 56 Contextualizing On-Therapy Resistance Development With Novel Antibiotics: Interplay Between Timing of Therapy Initiation and Critical Illness–Linked Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Unpredictability 新型抗生素治疗中耐药产生的情境化解读：治疗启动时机与危重疾病相关药代动力学/药效学不可预测性之间的相互作用 Dilip Dubey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1128–e1129, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag010 57 The Clinical Thermometer as the First Home Test for Infectious Disease 临床体温计：感染性疾病的首个家用检测工具 Michele Augusto Riva Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1129–e1130, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag030 58 Methodology Misrepresented: Correcting the Record on the American Thoracic Society Community-acquired Pneumonia Guideline Process 方法论被歪曲：更正美国胸科学会社区获得性肺炎指南制定过程的记录 Kevin C Wilson and Eyal Oren Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1130–e1131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag040 59 Misleading Comments About the Impact of Early Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination on Neonatal and Infant Mortality 关于早期卡介苗接种对新生儿和婴儿死亡率影响的误导性评论 Peter Aaby and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1131–e1132, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag065 60 Questioning Non-inferiority: Methodological Concerns in the Meta-analysis of Oral vs Intravenous Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 质疑非劣效性：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症口服与静脉治疗荟萃分析中的方法学问题 Dawd S Siraj and Fauzia Hollnagel Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1132–e1133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag070 61 Problems With Electronic Health Record Penicillin Allergy Mislabeling and Recommendations for Their Correction 电子健康记录中青霉素过敏标注错误的问题及纠正建议 David J Witt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag086 62 Complex Problem, Digital Cure? Rethinking Penicillin Allergy Relabeling Using Technology-Enabled Care 复杂问题，数字解药？利用技术赋能护理重新思考青霉素过敏重新标注 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1135–e1137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag084 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_5 临床传染病学 82卷增刊5期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ SUPPLEMENT（增刊） ADVANCE-ID: Conducting Innovative Clinical Trials and Promoting Access for Antibiotics in Asia ADVANCE-ID：在亚洲开展创新临床试验并推动抗生素可及性 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 Advancing Clinical Evidence in Infectious Diseases: An Infectious Diseases Clinical Trials Network for Asia, the “Antimicrobial Resistance Hot Zone” 推进感染病临床证据：面向亚洲——这一"耐药热点区域"——的感染性疾病临床试验网络 David L Paterson Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S101–S104, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag122 2 Global Survey on the Management of Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli: Divergence of Practice Between High-Income Countries and the Rest of the World 多重耐药革兰阴性杆菌管理的全球调查：高收入国家与世界其他地区的实践差异 Abi Manesh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S105–S115, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag025 3 Efficacy and Safety of Newer Antibiotics Versus Generic Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials 新型抗生素与仿制抗生素治疗医院获得性及呼吸机相关性细菌性肺炎的疗效与安全性：随机对照试验的系统综述与荟萃分析 Anh T K Nguyen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S116–S125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag045 4 Antibiotic Clinical Trials: A Review of the Past, Present Challenges, and Potential Solutions 抗生素临床试验：回顾过去、当前挑战及潜在解决方案 Melissa J Hardy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S126–S137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag017 5 Considerations in Designing Clinical Trials of Novel Antibacterial Agents Using a Superiority Design 采用优效性设计开展新型抗菌药物临床试验的考量 David L Paterson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S138–S146, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag207 6 Consent Modes and Consent Rates in Randomized Controlled Trials for Severe Infections: A Scoping Review 严重感染随机对照试验中的知情同意方式与同意率：范围性综述 Yiyun Shou and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S147–S153, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf715 7 Challenges to Accessing Newer Antibiotics for Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Infections in Asia: A Literature Review of Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives 亚洲多重耐药细菌感染中获取新型抗生素的挑战：多利益相关方视角的文献综述 Alec F Aligui and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S154–S161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag024 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 6 临床传染病学 82卷 6期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（传染病艺术长河） 1 Cover Illustration for Camus' The Plague, 1948 加缪《鼠疫》封面插画，1948年 Michael B Grizzard and Mary Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag182 In the Literature（文献札记） 2 In the Literature 文献札记 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag181 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Contemporary Ambulatory Approach to Adult Fever of Unknown Origin 前沿综述：成人不明原因发热的当代门诊诊疗方案 William F Wright and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 909–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag158 Ethics Rounds（伦理巡诊） 4 Antibiotics in Hospice: Applying the Four-Quadrant Approach to Improve Patient-Centered Care 安宁疗护中的抗菌药物使用：运用四象限诊疗模式优化以患者为中心的照护 Patrick D Crowley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 927–930, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag057 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 I Died—and Was Brought Back to Life—Twice 我两次濒死，又重获新生 Richard E. Sutton Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 931–933, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf612 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗生素耐药与管理） 6 Using Encounter-Level Data for Risk-Adjustment of Antimicrobial Use Comparisons: Feasibility and Variable Selection 利用就诊层面数据开展抗菌药物使用对比的风险校正：可行性与变量筛选研究 Rebekah W Moehring and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 934–943, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf682 7 Moving Closer to Patient-Level Risk Adjustment for Hospital Antimicrobial Use 推进住院患者抗菌药物使用的个体化风险校正体系构建 Jonathan D Baghdadi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 944–945, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf683 8 Macrolide and Nonmacrolide Resistance After 36 Months of Mass Azithromycin Distribution in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial 布基纳法索大规模阿奇霉素分发36个月后大环内酯类与非大环内酯类耐药情况：一项整群随机对照试验 Catherine E Oldenburg and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 946–953, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag051 9 Using Probability of Community-Acquired Pneumonia to Tailor Antimicrobials Among Inpatients: A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial 基于社区获得性肺炎发病概率为住院患者个体化选用抗菌药物：一项实用性随机对照试验 Jonathan D Baghdadi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 954–961, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag126 10 ALARA in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Adapting Radiation Safety Principles to Address Antibiotic Overuse 抗菌药物管理中的ALARA原则：借鉴辐射安全理念管控抗生素过度使用 Zachary T Aldewereld and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 962–967, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf688 Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与医疗政策） 11 Assessment of an Infectious Disease eConsult Service at a Large Mid-Atlantic Healthcare System 美国中大西洋大型医疗体系感染病线上会诊服务应用效果评估 Ava Hunt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 968–970, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf736 12 H.U.S.T.L.E: A Consult Fitness Guide for Infectious Diseases Providers H.U.S.T.L.E指南：感染科医师会诊工作实操指南 Gonzalo Bearman and Priya Nori Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 971–975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf672 13 More Than a Message: Death by a 1000 “Chats” 不止简单文字沟通：无休止线上问诊带来的诊疗困境 Darcy Wooten and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 976–978, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag094 14 The Erosion of a Pillar of Public Health: ACIP's Role and the Future of US Vaccine Policy Post-June 2025 公共卫生支柱职能削弱：美国免疫实践咨询委员会的职能变迁与2025年6月后疫苗政策走向 Edwin J Asturias and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 979–985, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag042 15 Worldwide Impact of ACIP's 2025 Overhaul 2025年美国免疫实践咨询委员会政策修订的全球影响 Louis Bont and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 986–987, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag043 Hepatitis（肝炎） 16 Trends in Reflexive Hepatitis C Virus Testing in a National US Laboratory: A Retrospective Study From 2018 to 2024 美国国家级实验室丙型肝炎病毒 reflex联动检测趋势：2018–2024年回顾性研究 Min Kyung Lee and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 988–992, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag227 17 Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Concentrations in the Breastmilk of Postpartum Women With Opioid Use Disorder Receiving Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus: A Pharmacokinetic Study 合并阿片类物质使用障碍的产后丙肝治疗女性母乳中索磷布韦/维帕他韦药物浓度：药代动力学研究 Catherine A Chappell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 993–996, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf443 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 18 Incidence of Community-acquired Pneumonia and Herpes Zoster in People With HIV Based on CD4 Count and Age in the Current Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Longitudinal Cohort Study 当前抗逆转录病毒治疗时代，基于CD4计数与年龄划分的HIV感染者社区获得性肺炎、带状疱疹发病风险：一项纵向队列研究 Elsemieke te Linde and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 997–1006, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf686 19 Switch to Bictegravir/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtrictabine or Dolutegravir + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtrictabine in Virologically Suppressed People With HIV: Outcomes in Real-world Setting With and Without Tenofovir Resistance 病毒学抑制HIV感染者转换为比克替拉韦/丙酚替诺福韦/恩曲他滨方案或多替拉韦+富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯/恩曲他滨方案：有无替诺福韦耐药人群真实世界转归 Alain Makinson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1007–1014, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf726 20 Hepatitis B Outcomes After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in People With HIV: Reactivation, Incident Infection, and Liver Safety Across Diverse Serological Profiles HIV感染者转换长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林后的乙肝转归：病毒再激活、新发感染及不同血清学状态下肝脏安全性 Alberto Foncillas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1015–1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag023 21 Virological Failure on Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine: An Analysis of Subtypes, Drug Levels, Resistance, and Therapeutic Implications 长效注射卡博特韦联合利匹韦林治疗发生病毒学失败：亚型、血药浓度、耐药突变及临床诊疗意义分析 Maria Mazzitelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1023–1031, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag046 22 What Are the Causes and Consequences of Virological Failure on Long-acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine? 长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林方案病毒学失败的诱因与临床后果 Andrew Hill and Chloe Orkin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1032–1034, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag047 Parasitic Infections（寄生虫感染） 23 Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malarial Anemia, but not Other Forms of Severe Malaria, Are Associated With Long-Term Cognitive Impairment 脑型疟疾与重症疟疾性贫血（其余重症疟疾亚型除外）与远期认知损伤相关 Paul Bangirana and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1035–1041, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf712 24 Not All Forms of Severe Malaria Impair Long-term Cognition—More Characterization, More Questions 并非所有重症疟疾均会造成长期认知损害——仍需更多分层研究与探索 Karl B Seydel and Stephen T J Ray Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1042–1043, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf713 25 Frequent Plasmodium ovale Recurrence in Coastal Tanzania 坦桑尼亚沿海地区卵形疟原虫高复发率研究 Kelly Carey-Ewend and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1044–1051, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag199 26 Invisible Malarias 隐匿性疟疾 J Kevin Baird Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1052–1053, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag201 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播疾病） 27 A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial of Dual Daily HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Doxycycline in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: The DuDHS Study 男男性行为人群及跨性别女性每日口服HIV联合性病暴露前预防（富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯/恩曲他滨加多西环素）先导随机对照试验：DuDHS研究 Troy Grennan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1054–1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf043 28 A New Choice for Doxycycline Prophylaxis 多西环素暴露前预防新选择 Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1063–1064, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf044 29 Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in Men Using Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis: A Substudy of the ANRS 174 DOXYVAC Trial 服用多西环素暴露后预防男性的耐药淋病奈瑟菌感染情况：ANRS 174 DOXYVAC子研究 Béatrice Berçot and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1065–1074, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf591 30 Sustained Effectiveness of Doxycycline Post-Exposure-Prophylaxis in a Large Sexual Health Clinic Over 96 Weeks: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis 大型性病诊疗中心多西环素暴露后预防96周持续有效率：间断时间序列分析 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1075–1078, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf234 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 31 A 3-Year-Old Girl With a Chest Wall Mass 3岁女童胸壁肿块一例 Deema Gashgarey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1079–1081, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag028 32 Why Are Gonorrhea Case Rates Declining in the United States? A Research Agenda 美国淋病报告病例数下降原因：后续研究方向展望 Kirstin I Oliveira Roster and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1082–1090, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf690 33 Fever in a Man with Uncontrolled HIV HIV控制不佳男性发热病例 Tristan Jones and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1091–1095, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag056 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗生素耐药与管理） 34 Human Cases of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Linked to Spread Between Animals and the Environment in a Veterinary Facility—Massachusetts, USA, 2023 2023年美国马萨诸塞州：动物诊疗机构内动物与环境传播引发人感染产碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌病例 Ian M DeStefano and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1138–e1144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf541 35 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Pets: A New Threat From Veterinary Clinics 宠物携带产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌目细菌：动物诊所带来的新型感染威胁 Vincent Perreten and Andrea Endimiani Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1145–e1147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf544 36 Direct Oral Challenge for Penicillin Allergy: The International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) Study 青霉素过敏口服药物激发试验：国际抗生素过敏协作网络（iNAAN）研究 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1148–e1162, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag082 37 Direct Oral Challenge for Penicillin Allergy: A Hospital Implementation Evaluation Via the International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) Study 青霉素过敏口服激发试验院内落地实施效果评估——基于国际抗生素过敏协作网络（iNAAN）研究 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1163–e1170, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag083 Bacterial Infections（细菌感染） 38 Clinical Manifestations, Long-Term Trends, and Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A 26-Year Mayo Clinic Experience 原发性椎体骨髓炎临床表现、26年长期发病趋势及治疗失败危险因素：梅奥诊所单中心经验 Takahiro Matsuo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1171–e1180, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag048 39 The Management of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis Remains Unchanged: Are Additional Trials Necessary? 原发性椎体骨髓炎诊疗方案无实质性更新：是否仍需开展更多临床试验？ Werner Zimmerli Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1181–e1183, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag049 40 Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Hospitalized Anthrax Patients with Pleural, Pericardial, or Peritoneal Fluid Collections 合并胸腔、心包、腹腔积液的住院炭疽患者临床特征与生存预后 Jon-Erik C Holty and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1184–e1193, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag113 41 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: From an Invisible Impact to a Visible Change in Complex Care 单纯性尿路感染：从隐匿疾病负担到复杂诊疗体系的诊疗变革 Rafael Cantón and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1194–e1199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf705 Emerging Infections（新型感染） 42 Six Cases of Borealpox and Evidence of a Zoonotic Source: Alaska, 2020–2023 2020–2023年阿拉斯加6例北极痘病例及动物源性传播证据 Eric Q Mooring and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1200–e1207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf497 43 Measles Without Rash During Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance in Tanzania, 2023–2024 2023–2024年坦桑尼亚急性发热监测中无皮疹麻疹病例 Saning'o Lukumay and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1208–e1215, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf582 44 Melioidosis Complicated by Native Valve Endocarditis in a Traveler Returning From Thailand to the United States 泰国归国旅行者罹患类鼻疽合并原生瓣膜心内膜炎 Akash Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1216–e1221, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag003 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 45 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival in People With and Without HIV in the United States, 2001–2019 2001–2019年美国HIV阳性与阴性人群肝细胞癌生存预后对比 Jennifer K McGee-Avila and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1222–e1231, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag137 46 Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events With Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: Emulated Target Trials Using Routine, De-identified Data From South Africa 多替拉韦方案对比依非韦伦方案抗逆转录病毒治疗重大心血管不良事件风险：基于南非匿名常规医疗数据的模拟目标试验 Jienchi Dorward and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1232–e1241, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag155 47 Patterns of HIV-1 Viral Load Suppression and Drug Resistance During the Dolutegravir Transition: A Population-based Longitudinal Study 全面切换多替拉韦治疗期间HIV-1病毒载量抑制水平与耐药突变特征：一项人群纵向研究 Michael A Martin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1242–e1251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag161 48 Renal and Cardiovascular Complications Following Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People With and Without HIV: Data From the Cohort Study on Morbidity and HIV in Sweden (COSMOHS) Between 2010 and 2024 合并2型糖尿病的HIV感染者与非感染者肾脏及心血管并发症：瑞典HIV发病队列研究（COSMOHS）2010–2024数据 Isabela Killander Möller and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1252–e1261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag261 49 Progression Risk in Cancer Patients with HIV Compared with Cancer Patients Without HIV HIV阳性肿瘤患者相较于阴性患者的疾病进展风险 Derek Schneider and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1262–e1265, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag170 Infections in Older Adults（老年人群感染） 50 Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Older Adults With an Acute Respiratory Infection: A Prospective Study in Six European Countries 急性呼吸道感染老年患者呼吸道合胞病毒疾病负担：欧洲六国前瞻性研究 Manel Terns Riera and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1266–e1276, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag146 51 Health-related Quality of Life in European Older Adults with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Over Three Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasons 连续三个流行季欧洲老年呼吸道合胞病毒感染者健康相关生活质量调查 Manel Terns Riera and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1277–e1288, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag147 52 The Renaissance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnosis: How Understanding Burden Can Inform Clinical Practice and Demonstrate the Benefit of Vaccines 呼吸道合胞病毒诊断技术革新：明晰疾病负担指导临床实践、印证疫苗获益价值 Angela R Branche Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1289–e1291, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag148 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 53 Hidden in Success: Gendered Patterns of Suboptimal Care Engagement Among Tuberculosis Patients Who“Successfully” Completed Treatment in South Africa 治愈背后的隐忧：南非“治疗成功”结核患者就医依从性的性别差异 Andrew Medina-Marino and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1292–e1301, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf714 54 Prevalence and Predictors of Tuberculosis in Adults and Adolescents With Sputum Trace Ultra Results in 2 High-Burden Clinical Settings 两大高结核负担临床中心痰Xpert Ultra微量阳性成人及青少年结核患病率与预测因素 Caitlin Visek and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1302–e1310, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag019 55 “Trace-MTB” on Sputum Xpert Ultra: New Evidence for Interpretation in High-burden Settings 痰Xpert Ultra“微量结核分枝杆菌”阳性：高结核负担地区判读新证据 Bianca Sossen and Neil Martinson Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1311–e1312, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag018 56 Diagnostic Accuracy of Molecular Testing on Saliva and Oral Swabs for Pulmonary Tuberculosis 唾液与口腔拭子分子检测对肺结核的诊断效能 Deninson Alejandro Vargas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1313–e1321, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag055 57 Documenting Environmentally Acquired Mycobacterium intracellulare subsp. chimaera Pulmonary Disease Soon After Bronchiectasis Onset 支气管扩张发病后短期内确诊环境源性奇美拉胞内分枝杆菌肺病病例报道 Jennifer R Honda and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1322–e1325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag015 58 We Are Underprepared for Bedaquiline Resistance: A Call for Clinical and Programmatic Readiness 我国对贝达喹啉耐药危机应对准备不足：呼吁完善临床与公共卫生防控体系 Gail Brenda Cross and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1326–e1332, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag008 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 59 Long-term Clinical Outcomes After Hospitalization for Acute Respiratory Illness Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus 呼吸道合胞病毒急性呼吸道感染住院患者远期临床结局 David Singer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1333–e1344, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf710 60 Microbial Detection in Community-Acquired Pleural Space Infections Using the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel and Individual Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays 采用BIOFIRE关节感染试剂盒与单重PCR检测社区获得性胸腔感染病原体 Portia Mira and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1345–e1352, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag050 61 Diagnostic Performance of New Commercial Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 新型商业化γ干扰素释放试验诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的效能：更新系统综述与荟萃分析 Lika Apriani and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1353–e1364, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag102 Viral Infections（病毒感染） 62 Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Norovirus Infections in Early Life; the PREVAIL Cohort, 2017–2020 婴幼儿诺如病毒显性与隐性感染：PREVAIL队列2017–2020年数据 Julia M Baker and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1365–e1374, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag033 63 Age-Specific Risk of Herpes Zoster in Adults Aged ≥18 Years With Comorbid Conditions—A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States ≥18岁合并基础疾病成人带状疱疹分年龄发病风险：美国回顾性队列研究 Rachel A Cohen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1375–e1383, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag095 64 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study 1型单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎：一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究 Lærke Storgaard Duerlund and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1384–e1392, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag136 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 65 Multifocal Cutaneous Abscesses 多发皮肤脓肿病例 Shrruthi Velavan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1393–e1396, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag074 Correspondence（读者来信） 66 New French Guidelines on Subcutaneous Antibiotic Therapy: A Response to Di Bella et al. 法国皮下注射抗生素新版指南发布——回应Di Bella等人研究 Emmanuel Forestier and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1397–e1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag088 67 Time to Appropriate Therapy and Antimicrobial Resistance-Attributable Mortality 抗菌药物及时给药时长与耐药相关死亡风险 Tatsuhiko Nanri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag087 68 Is Time to Appropriate Therapy a Mediator of Mortality Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance? 抗菌药物及时给药时长是否介导耐药相关死亡风险？ Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1398–e1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag090 69 Request for Additional Details on the COPAT Trial 恳请补充COPAT试验详细研究数据 Brad Spellberg and Bassam Ghanem Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag100 70 Additional Details on the COPAT Trial COPAT试验补充研究细节回复 Joy J Juskowich and Arif R Sarwari Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1399–e1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag103 71 Zinc: An Oft-forgotten Component in the Management of Diarrhea 锌剂：腹泻治疗中常被忽视的关键药物 Indi Trehan Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag111 72 I Zinc, Therefore I Am: Context is Key 锌剂不可或缺：临床应用需结合具体场景 Andi L Shane and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1401–e1402, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag112 73 When IS900 Positivity is not the Tie-Breaker: Interpreting Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Signals Across Crohn's Disease and Intestinal Tuberculosis in a Tuberculosis-Endemic Setting IS900阳性结果不可作为鉴别金标准：结核高发区克罗恩病与肠结核中副结核分枝杆菌判读要点 Yuanli Yang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1402–e1403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag127 74 MAP Detection: Identifying a Pathogenic Driver Rather Than a Diagnostic Marker 副结核分枝杆菌检测：识别致病驱动因素而非单纯诊断标志物 Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1403–e1405, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag128 75 Composite End Points, Minor Anomalies, and Missed Work-Ups: Making 12-Month Infant “Unfavorable Outcomes” Interpretable After BDLLfx/BDLCfz in Pregnancy 复合终点、轻微异常与漏诊评估：解读孕期BDLLfx/BDLCfz方案暴露婴儿12个月不良结局 Yuanli Yang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1405–e1406, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag142 76 Responding Appropriately to Safety Signals in Infants Exposed to the 6-month BDLLfx/BDLCfz Regimen In Utero 妥善处置宫内暴露6个月BDLLfx/BDLCfz方案婴儿的安全预警信号 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1406–e1407, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag143

100 项与替莫瑞林相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D06655	替莫瑞林	H01AC06	DB08869

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
HIV感染	美国	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2010-11-10
脂肪营养不良	美国	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2010-11-10

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
HIV相关性脂肪营养不良综合征	临床3期	美国	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2005-06-01
HIV相关性脂肪营养不良综合征	临床3期	加拿大	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2005-06-01
肝纤维化	临床2期	加拿大	Theratechnologies Europe Ltd.	2022-01-30
肌肉萎缩	临床2期	-	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2011-09-01
慢性阻塞性肺疾病	临床2期	-	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2011-09-01
2型糖尿病	临床2期	-	Theratechnologies, Inc.	2002-02-01

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT03226821 (CTgov)	临床4期	HIV相关性脂肪营养不良综合征 \| 生长激素缺乏症	6	Tesamorelin	膚淵淵獵憲選觸壓醖鑰 = 廠窪遞觸衊蓋憲鏇衊構願壓網鏇衊繭衊願範獵 (蓋遞選糧壓積獵獵鏇夢, 醖製憲繭遞襯積廠製遞 ~ 衊齋遞顧餘醖憲餘製積) 更多	-	2026-05-19
NCT02572323 (CTgov)	临床2期	HIV感染 \| 轻度认知障碍	73	Tesamorelin (Immediate Group)	壓膚鹽夢夢網選網膚鹽(網簾觸齋襯遞艱願蓋醖) = 製餘窪淵鹹艱夢願顧膚淵廠顧衊構鬱範願醖鹹 (憲選衊簾襯鏇夢鑰鹹艱, 鑰繭範淵衊齋醖觸願鏇 ~ 齋蓋鑰襯繭窪繭觸餘鏇) 更多	-	2026-03-12
				Tesamorelin (Deferred Group)	壓膚鹽夢夢網選網膚鹽(網簾觸齋襯遞艱願蓋醖) = 壓簾鹹積蓋顧夢鏇窪壓淵廠顧衊構鬱範願醖鹹 (憲選衊簾襯鏇夢鑰鹹艱, 憲觸壓蓋窪鏇選顧積簾 ~ 繭積顧夢壓餘醖餘網鹽) 更多
NCT03375788 (CTgov)	临床2期	腹部肥胖 \| 代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪肝病	51	Tesamorelin (Tesamorelin)	窪願簾夢網選構鏇糧簾(蓋糧淵積齋鹹糧襯廠衊) = 憲夢獵夢遞糧餘餘衊醖繭範醖繭鹽顧艱廠憲簾 (夢願積製構夢鬱網膚衊, 夢顧築願顧積顧窪膚醖 ~ 觸範鏇壓獵鹽餘鹹廠壓) 更多	-	2025-11-20
				Identical Placebo (Placebo)	窪願簾夢網選構鏇糧簾(蓋糧淵積齋鹹糧襯廠衊) = 鹹壓網積蓋醖窪鬱艱範繭範醖繭鹽顧艱廠憲簾 (夢願積製構夢鬱網膚衊, 壓夢壓鬱築壓積廠鑰鹽 ~ 衊餘廠網襯齋廠鏇鏇遞) 更多
GlobeNewswire 人工标引	临床3期	心血管疾病 \| HIV感染	-	Tesamorelin	簾憲積餘積積憲衊鏇膚(窪製壓積窪艱膚觸窪糧) = 窪憲製蓋積襯膚構鏇襯築醖淵選獵觸壓淵築憲 (醖選遞積淵廠獵獵鹽鬱, -0.89 ~ 0.05)	积极	2024-10-17
NCT02196831 (CTgov)	N/A	代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎 \| HIV感染	61	tesamorelin (Tesamorelin)	鑰鏇築繭繭廠壓齋膚網(獵廠鏇遞夢築夢膚廠鹹) = 製簾範簾構鹹醖窪鹹襯獵製鏇蓋糧夢築窪壓壓 (醖齋憲窪鏇鏇齋遞築獵, 6.6) 更多	-	2020-01-13
				Placebo (Placebo)	鑰鏇築繭繭廠壓齋膚網(獵廠鏇遞夢築夢膚廠鹹) = 鑰膚鏇製廠選構選鹽簾獵製鏇蓋糧夢築窪壓壓 (醖齋憲窪鏇鏇齋遞築獵, 4.1) 更多
NCT00608023 \| NCT00123253 (Pubmed)	临床3期	HIV感染	806	Tesamorelin	衊衊範艱膚蓋願鬱觸鏇(願襯廠壓積廠衊範築淵) = 壓壓淵壓觸構鬱選齋壓襯繭築範鹹餘範夢憲齋 (鹹襯淵鏇夢餘淵齋淵廠 ) 更多	-	2017-10-23
				Placebo	衊衊範艱膚蓋願鬱觸鏇(願襯廠壓積廠衊範築淵) = 鑰衊獵窪範網選窪蓋廠襯繭築範鹹餘範夢憲齋 (鹹襯淵鏇夢餘淵齋淵廠 ) 更多
NCT01263717 (CTgov)	N/A	脂肪营养不良 \| HIV感染	54	tesamorelin (Tesamorelin)	夢鹽鏇夢襯糧選築範築(鬱淵餘選顧糧獵願壓範) = 選鑰夢遞廠範築餘鹽艱鹽醖夢鏇觸窪遞餘憲淵 (鏇鬱鬱獵廠築醖獵簾衊, 製醖夢鹹繭積膚夢鬱蓋 ~ 鏇簾製簾鹹鬱網餘繭願) 更多	-	2014-10-13
				placebo (Placebo (Inactive Injection))	夢鹽鏇夢襯糧選築範築(鬱淵餘選顧糧獵願壓範) = 餘積糧觸觸築醖鏇遞鬱鹽醖夢鏇觸窪遞餘憲淵 (鏇鬱鬱獵廠築醖獵簾衊, 鏇鏇製網積簾製醖繭鹹 ~ 顧餘觸鹽觸鬱選觸遞淵) 更多
NCT01263717 (Pubmed \| JAMA)	N/A	HIV感染	50	Tesamorelin 2 mg	觸餘網艱襯襯顧網廠壓(觸積窪鏇願願繭淵膚願) = 襯廠糧網醖窪製憲鬱鹹夢鏇窪壓壓顧製願糧築 (淵鬱範膚製網艱獵艱憲 ) 更多	-	2014-07-30
				Placebo	觸餘網艱襯襯顧網廠壓(觸積窪鏇願願繭淵膚願) = 願鹹製壓範襯鬱積鬱膚夢鏇窪壓壓顧製願糧築 (淵鬱範膚製網艱獵艱憲 ) 更多
NCT01388920 (CTgov)	临床2期	慢性阻塞性肺疾病 \| 肌肉萎缩	3	Tesamorelin (Tesamorelin 2 mg)	廠艱憲鹽鬱獵鏇膚製齋(網範齋觸廠壓獵構鑰築) = 築鹹艱鏇製蓋築膚鹹範鑰鏇簾鹹鏇觸衊範鬱醖 (鑰製鹹鏇遞淵遞遞鹹願, 壓鏇鑰遞膚網窪築顧鑰 ~ 願獵廠憲顧構廠顧糧繭) 更多	-	2014-05-07
				Tesamorelin (Tesamorelin 3 mg)	廠艱憲鹽鬱獵鏇膚製齋(網範齋觸廠壓獵構鑰築) = 鏇襯網艱製積築獵製積鑰鏇簾鹹鏇觸衊範鬱醖 (鑰製鹹鏇遞淵遞遞鹹願, 鹽繭齋醖顧糧鏇繭範醖 ~ 窪簾餘膚獵鏇廠顧廠範) 更多
NCT00608023 (CTgov)	临床3期	HIV相关性脂肪营养不良综合征	263	Tesamorelin (Tesamorelin 52 Weeks)	壓艱鏇鏇艱鏇襯觸襯簾(齋鑰製製壓製構觸醖醖) = 簾醖繭觸淵獵鑰鏇淵廠淵憲廠製艱鑰衊網醖餘 (壓積鏇憲製鏇衊壓觸願, 16) 更多	-	2014-01-15
				Placebo+Tesamorelin (Tesamorelin (26 Weeks) - Placebo (26 Weeks))	壓艱鏇鏇艱鏇襯觸襯簾(齋鑰製製壓製構觸醖醖) = 製壓願齋簾憲襯觸顧鬱淵憲廠製艱鑰衊網醖餘 (壓積鏇憲製鏇衊壓觸願, 34) 更多