Abstract:Aging is marked by a gradual decline in multiple physiological functions,
increasing the risk of age-related disorders. Multiple factors have been
identified as contributors to aging, many of which are regulated by the
hypothalamus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) produced in the
hypothalamus is a key regulator of growth hormone (GH) secretion. With aging,
both GHRH and GH levels decline, leading to muscle loss, increased fat
accumulation, metabolic dysregulation, and cognitive impairments. GH replacement
therapy has been explored as a potential intervention to counteract these
effects; however, its long-term use is associated with significant risks,
including metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular complications, and potential
cancer promotion. In contrast, studies suggest that GHRH-based therapies can
improve body composition, muscle strength, cognitive function, and
cardiovascular health while avoiding the risks linked to direct GH
administration. Additionally, preclinical findings indicate that GHRH agonists
may offer cardioprotective and immunomodulatory benefits. In this review, we
summarize current knowledge on the roles of GHRH and GH in aging, highlight the
limitations of GH-based therapies, and discuss the potential of GHRH-based
approaches in mitigating age-related decline and improving health span.