The effect of theobromine supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycemic indices, cardiovascular risk factors, and genes expression of PPARa and Sirt1 in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

开始日期2022-01-19

申办/合作机构

Iran University of Medical Sciences & Health Services

NCT04340869

/ Unknown statusN/AIIT

The Effect of Using Two Desensitizing Agents Alone and In Combination on Dentin Permeability and Hypersensitivity

Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity Using Theobromine , Remin Pro , and Combination of Both Materials

开始日期2019-08-01

申办/合作机构

Al-Azhar University

NCT02209025

/ CompletedN/AIIT

The Effects of Short-term Theobromine Supplementation on Vascular Function and Intestinal apoA-I Production in Fasting and in the Postprandial State

Rationale: Despite successful efforts to lower atherogenic serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, a substantial residual cardiovascular risk remains. An additive strategy to further lower this residual risk may be via raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, and in particular those of its major protein constituent apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Based on several studies, theobromine may be a promising candidate in this respect. Recently, theobromine was shown to increase serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations by 0.16 mmol/L or 10% and apoA-I levels with 8%. The question is whether this increase in HDL-C and apoA-I concentrations observed translates into an improved functionality of the blood vessels. Effects of theobromine on vascular function have never been evaluated in a placebo controlled human intervention study.
Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the long-term effects of theobromine on vascular function in healthy subjects with a slightly lowered HDL-C in the fasting and the postprandial state. The second primary objective is to evaluate the long-term effects of theobromine on intestinal apoA-I mRNA and protein expression levels in healthy subjects with a slightly lowered HDL-C in the fasting and the postprandial state.
Secondary objectives are to study the long-term effects of theobromine on (1) fasting serum HDL-C concentrations, (2) cholesterol efflux capacity and (3) postprandial lipid and glucose metabolism.
Study design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over design. The total study duration will be 12 weeks, consisting of a 4 week experimental period, a 4 week wash-out, and a 4 week control period. At the end of the experimental and control periods, a postprandial test will take place.
Study population: Forty-eight healthy men aged 45-70 years and women aged 50-70 years, with slightly lowered HDL-C concentrations (men <1.3 mmol/L and women <1.5 mmol/L).
Intervention: During the experimental period, subjects will consume daily at breakfast an drink containing 500 mg theobromine. During the placebo period, the subjects will consume daily at breakfast the same drink without theobromine. During the wash-out period, they will not consume any of the drinks.
Main study parameters/endpoints: Measurements will be performed at the end of both 4-week intervention periods. The effects of theobromine will be calculated as the absolute differences between values obtained at the end of each period. The primary endpoint is the change in vascular function defined as % change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after intake of a daily stressor, a milkshake providing all the three different macronutrients. The second primary endpoint is the change in apoA-I mRNA and protein expression on the end of each period 5 hours after intake of the milkshake.

开始日期2014-06-01

申办/合作机构

Maastricht UMC+

[+1]

100 项与可可碱相关的临床结果

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100 项与可可碱相关的转化医学

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100 项与可可碱相关的专利（医药）

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3,785

项与可可碱相关的文献（医药）

2025-12-01·Analytical science advances

Separation and Determination of Theobromine and Caffeine in Cocoa Beans Extract Using TLC‐SERS: Identification and Computational Insights

Article

作者: Katan, Briggit ; Rodriguez, Maria ; Guzman, Romel ; Figueira, Maria ; Arteaga, Ray ; Jimmy, Castillo

ABSTRACT:

In recent years there has been a growing interest in cocoa and their sub products in the world, given the beneficial properties of these products. This interest has led to increased research in the study of the composition of cocoa and its relationship with its varieties, mainly the principal alkaloids, theobromine and caffeine. Venezuela, although a small‐scale producer, is recognised worldwide for the quality of its cocoa. This work presents a robust, unambiguous and cost‐effective methodology for the rapid and accurate quantification of theobromine and caffeine in cocoa beans extracts from Venezuelan cocoa. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is used for separation, and alkaloids are identified by their Rf values and by their Raman spectra obtained by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In the SERS technique, the spots of separated compounds by TLC were impregnated with a solution of silver nanoparticles and the SERS spectra record. Given the great structural similarity of these alkaloids, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to show that despite the similarities of the Raman spectra, they are perfectly distinguishable. Theoretical calculations were performed using Orca software, obtaining Raman and FTIR spectra, and similarities were found between the theoretical and experimental responses, validating the computational approach. The synergistic integration of TLC for separation, SERS for sensitive detection, PCA for robust differentiation and DFT for theoretical validation offers a cost‐effective, rapid and robust analytical platform for the unambiguous identification of theobromine and caffeine in complex matrices. This methodology lays the foundation for future quantitative applications in the evaluation of cocoa quality and origin.

2025-12-01·Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

Effects of caffeine and its metabolites, theobromine and theophylline, on performance and physiological parameters in cyclists: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Article

作者: Barth, Thiago ; Almeida, Bianca A ; Morales, Anderson P ; Maciel, Thiago S ; Ribeiro, Beatriz G ; Sampaio-Jorge, Felipe

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine and its metabolites, particularly theobromine and theophylline, on physiological and performance parameters in recreational cyclists.

METHODS:

Fourteen male cyclists participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, completing a simulated 16 km time trial (TT) after ingesting 6 mg kg^-1 of caffeine or a placebo. Physiological parameters such as ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate were measured along with performance parameters like time and power output. Blood samples were collected to assess caffeine and metabolite concentrations before and after exercise.

RESULTS:

The theophylline/caffeine ratio showed a significant correlation with VE (r = -0.69, p < 0.05) and TT duration (r = 0.73, p < 0.01). Similarly, the theobromine/caffeine ratio was significantly correlated with VE (r = -0.69, p < 0.05) and TT duration (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Although elevated concentrations of theobromine and theophylline were associated with modulation of VE and prolonged TT duration, caffeine's ergogenic effect was maintained. This was evidenced by a significant increase in VE (Δ + 11.2 L min^-1, p < 0.01) and blood lactate concentrations (Δ + 2.86 mmol L^-1, p < 0.01). Caffeine ingestion also significantly improved TT time (Δ - 39.7 s, p < 0.01) and power output (Δ + 6.17 W, p < 0.01) compared to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest that although caffeine metabolites influence some physiological responses, the ergogenic benefits of caffeine remain robust, highlighting its role in enhancing performance in recreational cyclists.

2025-12-01·IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Theobromine prevents affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal by modulating the neuroendocrine and immune systems, as well as the glutathione mechanism in the hippocampus

Article

作者: Liu, Xingyu ; Hao, Jufang ; Zhang, Qi ; He, Baojiang ; Zhang, Wenjuan ; Tian, Yu

Currently, nicotine withdrawal symptoms pose a significant challenge in tobacco cessation efforts, particularly withdrawal affective symptoms, such as anxiety and depression like behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms of these symptoms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence implicates the hippocampus, a key region in the limbic system, involved in emotional regulation. In this study, we employed transcriptome sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and integrative multi-omics analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal-induced affective symptoms in the hippocampus of male C57BL/6J mice. Our findings corroborate previous research linking nicotine withdrawal symptoms to dysregulation of neuroendocrine pathways and inflammatory processes within the brain. Importantly, we identify impaired glutathione metabolism as a significant contributing factor to the development of these symptoms. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that theobromine, a principal psychoactive compound found in cocoa, exerts a potent therapeutic effect in alleviating nicotine withdrawal affective symptoms through diverse mechanisms. In addition to its modulation of neuroendocrine pathways and inflammation, theobromine's ability to restore glutathione metabolism in the hippocampus emerges as a pivotal aspect of its pharmacological action.

项与可可碱相关的新闻（医药）

2025-12-16

·生物世界

黑巧克力中的“长寿密码”？最新研究发现这种物质可延缓衰老时钟

撰文丨王聪编辑丨王多鱼排版丨水成文植物化学物质是植物中发现的化合物，例如生物碱，它们含量丰富且具有高度生物活性，已有研究显示，生物碱与多种年龄相关疾病相关，包括癌症、2 型糖尿病、炎症等等。其中，可可碱是一种常见的膳食生物碱，在可可豆中含量丰富，已被证实与模式动物的寿命延长以及人类的健康益处有关（例如降低心脏病风险）。尽管如此，它受到的科学关注仍然相对有限。近日，伦敦国王学院的研究人员在 Aging 期刊发表了题为：Theobromine is associated with slower epigenetic ageing 的研究论文。该研究表明，常见的膳食生物碱——可可碱，与人体表观遗传衰老速度的显著减慢相关。这不仅仅是对爱吃巧克力的人的福音，更可能为我们理解饮食与健康衰老的关系打开了一扇新大门。论文通讯作者 Jordana Bell 教授表示，这项研究发现，黑巧克力中的一种关键成分（可可碱）与保持年轻状态之间存在联系。当然，这并不是说人们应该多吃黑巧克力，但这项研究可以帮助我们了解日常食物可能蕴藏着通往更健康、更长寿的线索。何为“表观遗传时钟”？——衡量衰老的新标尺要理解这项研究的意义，我们首先要了解什么是“表观遗传时钟”。我们都知道，我们的实际年龄是“时序年龄”，但它未必能准确反映我们身体的真实“生物学年龄”。例如，两位同为 50 岁的人，一位身体机能如同 45 岁，另一位却像 55 岁。他们的生物学年龄是不同的。随着岁月流逝，我们 DNA 上的“化学修饰”会发生规律性的变化（主要是 DNA 甲基化水平的增加）。通过分析这些变化，可以构建出像时钟一样的模型，来精准估算一个人的生物年龄，这就是“表观遗传时钟”。在这项研究中，研究团队主要使用了两种著名的“表观遗传时钟”： GrimAge 时钟：被公认为预测寿命和健康寿命能力极强的时钟，其“加速度”数值越低，意味着衰老得越慢。 DNAmTL 时钟：用于估算细胞中的端粒长度，端粒是染色体末端的“保护帽”，其长度与细胞分裂潜力相关，是衰老的一大标志。关键发现：可可碱，与延缓衰老显著相关研究团队在欧洲两个独立的大型人群队列中展开了分析。首先，他们在英国的 TwinsUK 队列（509 名健康女性）中发现，血液中可可碱（theobromine）的浓度越高，GrimAge 时钟的衰老加速度就越低，同时 DNAmTL 时钟评估的端粒长度也更长。这两个关联都具有高度的统计学显著性。一个关键问题是：人们常同时既吃巧克力又喝咖啡，而它们都含有甲基黄嘌呤类物质（例如咖啡因、可可碱等）。那么，这个抗衰老效果是可可碱独有的，还是只是咖啡因等其他成分的“影子”？研究团队通过精密的统计分析排除了这种干扰。他们发现，可可碱的效果是独立且特异的。即使在模型中同时考虑了咖啡因、茶碱等其他甲基黄嘌呤物质的影响，可可碱与延缓衰老的关联依然坚挺。更令人信服的是，这一发现在德国的 KORA 队列（1160 名男性和女性）中得到了完美复现。这表明了可可碱的抗衰老效应并非偶然，在不同人群中都具有普适性。深入探索：效果在吸烟者中更明显？后续分析还揭示了一个有趣的现象：可可碱与延缓衰老的关联在当前或既往吸烟者中尤为显著。研究团队推测，这可能是因为尼古丁会诱导肝脏中代谢可可碱的酶活性增强，影响了可可碱在体内的代谢过程，从而放大了其生物学效应。当然，这绝不意味着吸烟有益，而是提示了可可碱与某些环境因素之间可能存在复杂的相互作用。从相关性到因果性：我们该如何解读？需要强调的是，这项研究是观察性的，它揭示了可可碱水平与表观遗传衰老速度之间的关联，但还不能直接证明是可可碱导致了衰老减慢。可能存在其他未知因素同时影响了可可碱水平和衰老时钟。不过，这项研究为“可可碱直接起效”提供了有力的间接证据： 1、特异性：效果是可可碱独有的，与其他结构相似的分子无关。 2、稳健性：在两个独立队列中均得到验证。 3、生物学合理性：此前已有动物实验表明可可碱能延长线虫的寿命。那么，这是否意味着我们应该立刻大量购买高浓度可可的巧克力或补充剂呢？这可能还为时尚早。研究团队指出，可可碱可能只是“信使”，其背后可能代表着富含可可的饮食（例如黑巧克力）中其他有益成分（例如黄烷醇）的综合作用，黄烷醇对心血管健康的益处已是公认的。展望未来：从“发现关联”到“揭示机制” 这项研究将一种常见的膳食成分（可可碱）与深层的分子衰老标志（DNA 甲基化）联系了起来，开辟了新的研究方向。未来的研究需要——开展介入性临床试验，直接验证补充可可碱是否能主动减缓人的表观遗传衰老；深入探索可可碱发挥作用的分子机制，它是否通过影响 DNA 甲基化转移酶的活性来直接调控表观基因组？亦或是通过改变肠道菌群来间接发挥作用？这项研究也为我们提供了一个迷人的视角：日常饮食中的微小分子，或许正悄然影响着我们身体内部的衰老时钟。可可碱，这个藏在可可豆中的低调化合物，可能是连接美味与健康长寿的一个关键环节。论文链接： https://www.aging-us.com/article/206344 设置星标，不错过精彩推文开放转载欢迎转发到朋友圈和微信群微信加群为促进前沿研究的传播和交流，我们组建了多个专业交流群，长按下方二维码，即可添加小编微信进群，由于申请人数较多，添加微信时请备注：学校/专业/姓名，如果是PI/教授，还请注明。点在看，传递你的品味

临床研究

2025-12-12

·Science Daily

Scientists find dark chocolate ingredient that slows aging

Scientists have uncovered a surprising link between dark chocolate and slower aging. A natural cocoa compound called theobromine was found in higher levels among people who appeared biologically younger than their real age.A natural chemical in dark chocolate may play a role in slowing certain signs of biological aging. Researchers at King's College London have identified theobromine, a plant compound found in cocoa, as a possible contributor to this effect. The study, published on December 10 in Aging, analyzed how much theobromine was present in participants' blood and compared those levels with biological aging markers measured in blood samples. What Biological Age Reveals Biological age reflects how well a person's body is functioning, rather than the number of years they have lived. This measure is based on DNA methylation, a collection of tiny chemical tags on DNA that shift as we grow older. The research team examined data from two European groups, including 509 people from TwinsUK and 1,160 from KORA. Individuals with higher amounts of theobromine in their bloodstream tended to have a biological age that appeared younger than their chronological age. Professor Jordana Bell, senior author and Professor in Epigenomics at King's College London, said: "Our study finds links between a key component of dark chocolate and staying younger for longer. While we're not saying that people should eat more dark chocolate, this research can help us understand how everyday foods may hold clues to healthier, longer lives." Theobromine Stands Out Among Cocoa Compounds The team also investigated whether other cocoa or coffee metabolites showed similar patterns. Their results suggested that theobromine was the only compound with this specific association. To estimate biological age, the researchers used two approaches. One method examined DNA changes that reflect the pace of aging. The second measured telomere length, which refers to protective structures at the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres naturally shorten with age and are linked to age-related health risks. How Plant Molecules Influence Aging Many plant compounds in foods can influence how genes operate by turning them on or off. These compounds, known as alkaloids, can interact with cellular systems that regulate gene activity and contribute to long-term health. Theobromine is one such alkaloid. Although it is widely known for being toxic to dogs, it has been connected to possible benefits in humans, including a reduced risk of heart disease. Despite this, it has received relatively limited scientific attention until now. Next Questions for Aging Research Dr. Ramy Saad, lead researcher at King's College London and also affiliated with University College London as a doctor in Clinical Genetics, said: "This is a very exciting finding, and the next important questions are what is behind this association and how can we explore the interactions between dietary metabolites and our epigenome further? This approach could lead us to important discoveries towards aging, and beyond, in common and rare diseases." The team, which includes Professor Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, a Professor of Human Nutrition at King's College London, is now examining whether theobromine's effect occurs on its own or if it works alongside other well-known components of dark chocolate such as polyphenols, which are recognized for their positive effects on health. Why More Chocolate Is Not a Shortcut Dr. Ricardo Costeira, a Postdoctoral Research Associate at King's College London, said: "This study identifies another molecular mechanism through which naturally occurring compounds in cocoa may support health. While more research is needed, the findings from this study highlight the value of population-level analyses in aging and genetics." Although the findings are encouraging, the researchers caution that increasing dark chocolate consumption is not automatically beneficial. Chocolate also contains sugar, fat and other ingredients, and more work is needed to fully understand how theobromine interacts with the body and how it may influence aging.

2025-04-01

·国际糖尿病idiabetes

黑巧克力的逆袭：从美味零食到疾病防治“扛把子”

点击“蓝字”关注我们导语：可可含量高的黑巧克力因其富含多酚和甲基黄嘌呤等生物活性成分，具有显著的抗炎和免疫调节作用，可能对多种急慢性炎症性疾病产生健康益处。近期一篇文章通过系统综述过去10年的体外、体内及临床试验，发现黑巧克力可通过抑制氧化应激、增强肠道屏障功能、调节疼痛感知等机制，改善动脉粥样硬化、高血压、肥胖、2型糖尿病、慢性肾病、多囊卵巢综合征等疾病的病理进程。然而，黑巧克力可能加重痤疮症状。未来需进一步通过临床研究验证其作为辅助免疫调节治疗方案的可行性。一、背景01黑巧克力的生物活性成分可可（Theobroma cacao L.）树，其学名意为“神的食物”，其豆类富含多种生物活性化合物，如多酚（如儿茶素、表儿茶素）和原花青素，以及甲基黄嘌呤（如可可碱、咖啡因），这些成分通过调节转录因子和酶活性，影响炎症介质生成，从而发挥抗炎作用。黑巧克力中活性成分的浓度因豆类品种和加工方式差异较大。02慢性炎症与疾病关联慢性炎症由免疫稳态失衡引发，与久坐、高脂饮食（如西方饮食）及肠道屏障破坏（“肠漏”）密切相关。肥胖作为代谢综合征的一个关键特征，通过增加内脏脂肪及促炎因子（如瘦素）分泌，同时抗炎激素脂联素下调，加剧氧化应激和细胞缺氧，最终导致动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病（T2DM）及慢性肾病等并发症。鉴于这些与生活方式和慢性炎症相关的疾病的患病率及其并发症在全球范围内逐渐上升，包括富含生物活性抗炎天然化合物（如可可含量丰富的黑巧克力）在内的饮食干预可能作为治疗和预防措施发挥关键作用。本文旨在通过文献综述，评估黑巧克力在改善炎症相关疾病中的健康效益及治疗前景。二、研究方法及结果01文献检索2023年12月18日至2024年1月15日，通过PubMed数据库进行研究检索。先以“黑巧克力（dark chocolate）”为检索词获取临床相关适用研究，再用布尔逻辑运算符“AND”组合“dark chocolate”与“inflamm（炎症）”，并筛选“过去10年”产生23个结果。为排除综述，添加布尔运算符“NOT”和“综述[出版类型]”，结果减至15个。为防遗漏，在“inflamm”后加星号（*），最终检索词组合（dark chocolate AND inflamm* NOT 综述[出版类型]）获得24个结果，经排除无关主题及重复项，最终纳入18项研究。02主要结果（1）黑巧克力对肠道屏障功能的保护作用体外实验Iaia等（2020）：可可碱（10-30 μM）预处理可减少氧固醇诱导的Caco-2细胞损伤，抑制促凋亡蛋白Bax及IL-8表达，同时上调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-xL，并保护紧密连接蛋白（occludin、JAM-A）。Nocella等（2023）：黑巧克力多酚提取物显著降低脂多糖（LPS）刺激的氧化应激标志物（Nox2-dp、H2O），维持肠道屏障完整性。临床试验Nocella等（2023）：职业足球运动员每日摄入40g黑巧克力30天后，血浆LPS、occludin及zonulin水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05），表明肠道通透性改善，黑巧克力在肠道屏障完整性方面具有保护作用。（2）黑巧克力对炎症反应的调节负面效应Vongraviopap等（2016）：25名男性痤疮患者每日摄入25g黑巧克力（99%可可），4周后Leeds痤疮评分升高，粉刺和炎性丘疹数量增加（P<0.01）。正面效应Ioannone等（2017）：肥胖者中性粒细胞经多酚提取物（5-100 mg/L）处理后，佛波醇 12-肉豆蔻酸酯 13-乙酸(PMA)诱导的活性氧（ROS）生成减少30%~50%。Kuebler等（2016）：健康男性摄入50g黑巧克力后，应激诱导的IL-6、IL-1β mRNA升高幅度低于安慰剂组，IL-10呈上升趋势。（3）黑巧克力对代谢及血管功能的影响代谢改善Jafarirad等（2018）：T2DM患者每日摄入30g黑巧克力8周后，空腹血糖、HbA1c及IL-6显著降低，脂质谱改善（HDL↑，LDL↓）。Eskandari等（2020）：肥胖青少年联合黑巧克力与运动干预6周后，脂肪因子（瘦素、抵抗素）下降，脂联素升高。血管功能改善Esser等（2014）：超重男性摄入高黄烷醇黑巧克力4周后，血流介导的血管扩张（FMD）提升10%（P<0.01）。Germonpré等（2017）：潜水员摄入30g黑巧克力（86%可可）后，减压病相关内皮功能障碍减轻，FMD提升。（4）黑巧克力对慢性疾病的缓解Raguzzini等（2019）：乳糜泻患者定期摄入黑巧克力后，中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值降低，淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值升高，提示炎症缓解。Mirazi等（2022）：多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）大鼠模型显示，黑巧克力干预减少卵巢囊性病变，降低IL-1β、TNF-α和睾酮水平，同时增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和促卵泡生成素（FSH）。三、结语黑巧克力通过多酚及甲基黄嘌呤等成分，展现出广泛的抗炎、抗氧化及免疫调节潜力。其可以显著抑制促炎反应、增强肠道屏障、改善血管功能及代谢参数，对高血压、T2DM、慢性肾病及PCOS等疾病具有辅助治疗潜力。该综述文献检索仅基于PubMed数据库，可能遗漏部分相关研究；且纳入样本量较小，未来需要在体内及临床试验中进行更详细的研究，以进一步验证黑巧克力的健康益处和疾病缓解作用，并探索其潜在的应用价值。参考文献：Muth H, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Come to the dark side - A review on the health-beneficial and disease-alleviating effects of cocoa-rich dark chocolate. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). Published online March 24, 2025. doi:10.1556/1886.2025.00007声明：本文仅供医疗卫生专业人士了解最新医药资讯参考使用，不代表本平台观点。该等信息不能以任何方式取代专业的医疗指导，也不应被视为诊疗建议，如果该信息被用于资讯以外的目的，本站及作者不承担相关责任。最新《国际糖尿病》读者专属微信交流群建好了，快快加入吧！扫描左边《国际糖尿病》小助手二维码（微信号：guojitnb），回复“国际糖尿病读者”，ta会尽快拉您入群滴！（来源：《国际糖尿病》编辑部）版权声明版权属《国际糖尿病》所有。欢迎个人转发分享。其他任何媒体、网站未经授权，禁止转载。

免疫疗法临床研究

100 项与可可碱相关的药物交易

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	可可碱	R03DA07 C03BD01	DB01412

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
心血管疾病	中国	石药创新制药股份有限公司	-

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
镇痛	临床前	美国	Sigma-Aldrich Corp.	2025-05-01
镇痛	临床前	巴基斯坦	University of Sargodha	2025-05-01
炎症	临床前	美国	Sigma-Aldrich Corp.	2025-05-01
炎症	临床前	巴基斯坦	University of Sargodha	2025-05-01
骨关节炎	临床前	美国	Sigma-Aldrich Corp.	2025-05-01
骨关节炎	临床前	巴基斯坦	University of Sargodha	2025-05-01

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT02209025 (Pubmed \| Eur J Nutr)	N/A	营养和代谢疾病	44	Theobromine	範積壓構醖憲繭艱膚觸(獵餘襯築願蓋範憲選範) = 選顧夢範襯憲簾鹹艱鏇糧鏇簾艱製網獵顧憲構 (範廠積鑰壓鑰鑰構鬱鏇 )	-	2019-04-01
NCT02209025 (Pubmed \| Clin Nutr)	N/A	心血管疾病	44	Theobromine 500 mg/day	鹹願積觸餘觸鹹醖顧糧(願鏇鹽構築鏇獵願糧築) = 鏇醖選齋願製製積窪膚艱遞壓鏇鏇鑰製齋膚範 (顧餘願廠艱鹹淵襯艱襯 ) 更多	不佳	2018-04-01