The effect of theobromine supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycemic indices, cardiovascular risk factors, and genes expression of PPARa and Sirt1 in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

开始日期2022-01-19

申办/合作机构

Iran University of Medical Sciences & Health Services

NCT02209025

/ CompletedN/AIIT

The Effects of Short-term Theobromine Supplementation on Vascular Function and Intestinal apoA-I Production in Fasting and in the Postprandial State

Rationale: Despite successful efforts to lower atherogenic serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, a substantial residual cardiovascular risk remains. An additive strategy to further lower this residual risk may be via raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, and in particular those of its major protein constituent apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Based on several studies, theobromine may be a promising candidate in this respect. Recently, theobromine was shown to increase serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations by 0.16 mmol/L or 10% and apoA-I levels with 8%. The question is whether this increase in HDL-C and apoA-I concentrations observed translates into an improved functionality of the blood vessels. Effects of theobromine on vascular function have never been evaluated in a placebo controlled human intervention study.
Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the long-term effects of theobromine on vascular function in healthy subjects with a slightly lowered HDL-C in the fasting and the postprandial state. The second primary objective is to evaluate the long-term effects of theobromine on intestinal apoA-I mRNA and protein expression levels in healthy subjects with a slightly lowered HDL-C in the fasting and the postprandial state.
Secondary objectives are to study the long-term effects of theobromine on (1) fasting serum HDL-C concentrations, (2) cholesterol efflux capacity and (3) postprandial lipid and glucose metabolism.
Study design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over design. The total study duration will be 12 weeks, consisting of a 4 week experimental period, a 4 week wash-out, and a 4 week control period. At the end of the experimental and control periods, a postprandial test will take place.
Study population: Forty-eight healthy men aged 45-70 years and women aged 50-70 years, with slightly lowered HDL-C concentrations (men <1.3 mmol/L and women <1.5 mmol/L).
Intervention: During the experimental period, subjects will consume daily at breakfast an drink containing 500 mg theobromine. During the placebo period, the subjects will consume daily at breakfast the same drink without theobromine. During the wash-out period, they will not consume any of the drinks.
Main study parameters/endpoints: Measurements will be performed at the end of both 4-week intervention periods. The effects of theobromine will be calculated as the absolute differences between values obtained at the end of each period. The primary endpoint is the change in vascular function defined as % change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after intake of a daily stressor, a milkshake providing all the three different macronutrients. The second primary endpoint is the change in apoA-I mRNA and protein expression on the end of each period 5 hours after intake of the milkshake.

开始日期2014-06-01

申办/合作机构

Maastricht UMC+

[+1]

NCT02085109

/ CompletedN/AIIT

The Effects of a Diet Rich in Fat or Theobromine on Intestinal apoA-I mRNA and Protein Expression

Rationale: Despite successful efforts to lower atherogenic serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, a substantial residual cardiovascular risk is still present. An additive strategy to further lower this residual risk may be via raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations, and in particular those of its major protein constituent apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, recent evidence shows that raising HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations not always causes a reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To understand this it is important to know what are the targets and molecular mechanisms that underlie a shift to a HDL fraction with cardioprotective activities. There is increasing evidence that particularly the apoA-I proteins in the HDL fractions are atheroprotective. It is important to verify whether the effect of an intervention actually increases apoA-I production since that results in the formation of de-novo small pre-beta HDL particles that have full capacity to resorb cholesterol from the arterial wall and return this to the liver for secretion (reverse cholesterol transport). The investigators here propose to evaluate, in a double-blind human intervention study, the difference in intestinal apoA-I gene expression, of healthy subjects, after consumption of a high fat (HF) or low fat (LF) meal. Additionally the investigators propose to evaluate the effect of theobromine on intestinal apoA-I expression. Based on several studies, theobromine improved cardiovascular risk parameters among which an elevation in apoA-I and HDL cholesterol concentrations. It is however unknown whether this effect of theobromine originates from elevated apoA-I production, which suggest improved functionality, or decreased clearance, suggesting reduced functionality. The investigators therefore propose to also evaluate if the usage of theobromine is a better way to increase intestinal apoA-I mRNA and protein expression, than consumption of a HF meal. The investigators will do this in the same double-blind human intervention study. The theobromine will be added in a third arm in a LF condition.
Study design: The proposed study will have a randomized, double-blind cross-over design. The total study duration will be 17 days, consisting of 3 experimental days with postprandial tests, each separated by a 1 week wash-out period.
Study population: Ten apparently healthy male subjects, aged 18-60 years, without a history of any gastrointestinal disorders or complaints.
Intervention: During the three experimental days, subjects will consume a milkshake: one HF milkshake, one LF milkshake and one LF milkshake supplemented with 850 mg theobromine. Total follow-up during each of the postprandial tests is 5 hours.

开始日期2014-02-01

申办/合作机构

Maastricht UMC+

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100 项与可可碱相关的专利（医药）

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项与可可碱相关的文献（医药）

2025-06-01·SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

Unraveling the competitive cocrystallization behavior of natural products and impact of intermolecular interactions on their stability

作者: Xu, Li ; Zhou, Limin ; Zhao, Yan ; Li, Detao ; Ning, Zichen ; Heng, Jerry ; Shehzad, Hamza ; Gong, Zhuoshan ; Ouyang, Jinbo

Design of natural product cocrystals and its formation mechanism are of great significance importance to the development of fields such as medicine, food, cosmetics, and agriculture.In this research, alkaloids (theophylline, theobromine) and polyhydroxy natural products (quercetin, resveratrol, naringin) were selected as the research subjects.Through competitive cocrystal experiments, the study explored the stability differences among different cocrystals.Based on theor. calculations, the study determined the hydrogen bonds and π-π bonds within the crystals were identified.Combined with cocrystal structure anal., we discussed the influence of hydrogen bonding networks and π-π stacking modes on cocrystal stability.According to these results, the study correlated the cocrystal stability with void level, establishing the void formula to predict the stability between different cocrystals.Addnl., it summarized the structural unit cell model of natural product cocrystals, revealing formation mechanism of cocrystals, and intuitively demonstrating effect of intermol. interactions on stability of crystal.Finally, we proposed the stability law, establishing a close connection between intermol. interactions, void level, and cocrystal stability, providing a theor. basis for exploring relationship between cocrystal microstructure and stability.

2025-04-01·FOOD CHEMISTRY

Non-targeted and targeted detection of hydrophilic compounds in fu brick tea: A study on samples from major Chinese production regions and different processing stages

Article

作者: Xu, Junren ; Yuan, Yong ; Zhu, Mingzhi ; Yin, Feiyan ; Zhao, Mengmeng ; Liu, Zhonghua ; Zhao, Yiqiao ; Chao, Jin ; Wang, Kunbo ; Li, Na ; Huang, Jianan

Systematic research is still lacking on the content of hydrophilic compounds in Fu Brick Tea (FBT) from major Chinese production regions and their variation patterns during the processing of FBT. This study utilized optimized non-targeted (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) and targeted (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) metabolomics to analyze 73 FBT samples from six regions of China and 30 samples from different stages of FBT processing. 573 and 74 hydrophilic compounds were respectively relatively and absolutely quantified for the first time. Among the 73 FBT samples, alkaloids were the most abundant (26221.76-36701.75 mg/kg), followed by soluble sugars (211372.59-26112.85 mg/kg), organic acids (17014.07-23589.20 mg/kg), amino acids (6664.59-9791.46 mg/kg), nucleotides (1020.33-2175.16 mg/kg), and nucleoside (650.86-1446.26 mg/kg). During the processing of FBT, sugars, acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides increased, while amino acids decreased, and alkaloids slightly increased. This study enhances the understanding of hydrophilic compounds in FBT.

2025-03-01·FOOD CHEMISTRY

Combining non-targeted and targeted metabolomics to study key bitter and astringent substances of Liupao tea

Article

作者: Deng, Haichao ; Teng, Jianwen ; Chen, Can ; Zhu, Pingchuan ; Zhang, Qisong ; Xia, Ning ; Huang, Li ; Wang, Huifang

Liupao tea is a post-fermented dark tea with bitterness and astringency as key sensory traits, though its chemical composition is not fully understood. Six Liupao tea samples with significant differences in bitterness and astringency were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics and sensory evaluation. Thirty finished and five semi-finished Liupao tea samples were analyzed using UHPLC-MS-PRM for targeted quantification of bitter and astringent compounds. The results show that 477 non-volatile compounds were detected, including 18 potential bitter compounds and 22 potential astringent compounds. Six key bitter compounds (epigallocatechin gallate, catechin gallate, caffeine, quinic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid) and 11 key astringent compounds (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid) were identified. After fermentation, flavonoid glycosides and flavanols were reduced by 62.41 % to 97.46 %, while phenolic acids showed varied trends. Different rates of change in key compounds during fermentation resulted in variations in bitterness and astringency. This study offers insights for improving Liupao tea quality.

项与可可碱相关的新闻（医药）

2024-11-20

·梅斯医学

咖啡，可谓是早八人的续命水，打工人的小吊瓶。对于不少“搬砖人”来说，早上不来杯咖啡，仿佛无法开启新的一天，只有一杯下去才能“回春”。当然，咖啡的益处远不止提神醒脑，点开梅斯医学就知道喝咖啡的好处多多——经常饮用咖啡对降低癌症、2型糖尿病发病风险、控制体重、改善抑郁、预防帕金森病及阿尔兹海默症等等均有益处。每天早上喝咖啡的我be like⬆️（图源：网络）如果咖啡是“全球第三大饮品”，那么消费量第二名的莫过于茶。茶起源于中国，盛行于世界，基本上每3个人中便有一人爱喝茶。对于“嗜茶如命”的人来说，早起一壶茶，清醒一整天，这也是为什么我国不少地区都有着“饮早茶”的文化。随着茶文化的广泛传播，现代科学家也在不断探究茶对人体健康的奥秘。越来越多的研究证实，因茶中含有黄酮类化合物、儿茶素多酚、L-茶氨酸等成分，喝茶能从多方面促进公众健康。先前开展的动物研究显示，无论是咖啡还是茶，其中都蕴含着丰富的生活活性物质，比如：咖啡因、儿茶素、绿原酸、可可碱、赖氨酸等等，能够调节与血糖平衡相关的昼夜节律基因，来进一步控制生物节律。但现有研究往往忽略了一个重要的因素，那就是饮用咖啡或茶的时间，不同的时间可能会带来不一样的、甚至是相反的健康后果！近日，来自哈尔滨医科大学的研究团队在BMC Medicine上发表的最新研究给了人们一剂警示：饮用茶或咖啡的时间大有讲究！具体来说，早上8点之前不宜喝咖啡，会导致糖尿病患者的全因、心血管、心脏病以及糖尿病的死亡风险分别增加25%、41%、47%和50%；相对来说，8点-12点是饮用咖啡的最佳时间，能够降低上述疾病的死亡风险。至于爱喝茶的糖尿病患者，同样是8点-12点喝茶的健康效益最大，能使全因、心血管、心脏病以及糖尿病的死亡率降低20%、38%、35%和30%。爱喝茶或咖啡的你，喝对时间了吗？这样看来，8点之前的工作都是“反人类”呢 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03736-x 受试者源自常用的美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES），共招募了5378名患有糖尿病的成年人。其中，糖尿病的定义是：自我报告的诊断，服用高血糖药物，血红蛋白Alc（HbA1c）≥6.5%，或空腹血糖≥7.0mmol/L，或随机血糖/2-h OGTT血糖≥11.1mmol/L。饮食调查过程中，研究者重点记录了参与者饮用咖啡或茶的时间，将其划分为四类——早间（凌晨5点-早上8点）、早午间（上午8点-中午12点）、下午（中午12点之后-晚上6点）以及晚间（晚上6点-凌晨5点之前）。不过，这几个时间点还真不是“拍脑袋”想出来的，每个都存在一定的生理含义。比如：5点是一个常见的自然醒时间，此时的褪黑素水平会随着日照的增加而降低，所以以凌晨5点作为起始时间。选择早晨8点作为第一个分界点，是因为该时间点与皮质醇的峰值有着紧密联系。先前的人群调查显示，皮质醇水平在起床后的1-2小时内达到峰值，该时间往往出现在凌晨4点至早上8点之间。峰值之后，皮质醇的水平会走下坡路，并在睡前降至最低点。与早晨8点前相比，8点之后的皮质醇浓度通常低了75%，因此8点是个很好的分界线。第二个分界点为中午，考虑到中午是一天中光照最强的时候，褪黑素的水平最低，所以人体会处于高度警觉的状态。而中午之后，褪黑素水平开始逐渐上升，构成了一个生理性分界。最后的截止时间为下午6点，作为日常的晚餐结束时间，过了这个时间点之后，人们的身心也开始准备休息了。此外，咖啡因的半衰期为3-6小时，下午6点之后再饮用咖啡或茶很可能会影响睡眠质量，所以这之后的时间便不考虑在内。生理周期以及研究结果 47,361人年的随访之后，共记录到1639例死亡病例，包括731例心血管疾病死亡，467例心脏病死亡，99例中风死亡，以及462例糖尿病死亡。 5-8点不宜喝咖啡，最佳时间是8-12点从饮用咖啡的角度，全部参与者中有39.4%的不喝咖啡，19.6%的习惯在5-8点期间喝咖啡，26.5%会在8点之后中午之前的早上喝咖啡，有少量的人会在中午之后喝，包括7.6%在12-18点之间和6.9%在18点之后。这一情况，也比较能够代表大人群的特征。对比不同时间段的喝咖啡情况，研究者发现了一个有趣的现象——在临晨5点至早上8点期间喝咖啡，糖尿病患者由各种病因导致死亡的风险大大增加！具体来说，与不喝咖啡的相比，在5-8点期间喝咖啡会使得参与者的全因死亡风险升高25%，心血管疾病的死亡风险升高41%，心脏疾病的死亡风险升高47%，以及糖尿病的死亡风险升高50%。在此期间，喝得越多，疾病死亡风险也随之升高。在5-8点期间饮用最少咖啡的相比，饮用量最高三分位数的参与者更有可能死于全因（高30%）、心血管疾病（高45%）和心脏疾病（高58%）。相比之下，早上8点至中午12点是享用咖啡的最佳时间。与不饮用咖啡的相比，8-12点期间喝咖啡的参与者的全因、心血管疾病、心脏疾病的死亡风险均显著降低，分别低了20%、21%和30%。而与早上8-12点饮用咖啡最低三分位数的相比，该时间段喝咖啡最高三分位数的参与者的全因死亡风险显著降低了20%。因此，喝咖啡的时间很有讲究！在正确的时间点喝咖啡，比如8点-12点，能使其发挥“延寿”效果；但相反，在不恰当的凌晨5点至早上8点期间喝咖啡，则会导致全因以及多种疾病的死亡风险大大增加。不同时间饮用咖啡与全因、特定疾病死亡率之间的关系 8-12点同样是饮茶最佳时间从饮茶的角度来看，约有66.1%的参与者没有喝茶习惯。大部分爱喝茶的人会选择下午（12-18点）或者晚上喝（18点之后），占比分别为12.9%和11.3%，另有7.0%的参与者会在8-12点的上午喝，仅有很少部分（2.8%）的会选择在临晨5点至早上8点间喝茶。那么，饮茶会如何影响糖尿病患者的健康状况呢？也会像咖啡一样，分为“不宜”和“最佳”时间吗？研究者发现，与不饮茶的相比，习惯饮茶的糖尿病患者的全因死亡率将降低22%，心血管疾病和中风死亡风险都会更低，分别减少34%和57%。与之类似，与喝茶最低三分位相比，最高的全因死亡和心血管疾病死亡风险均更低。当然，饮茶的时间也是有讲究的。在早上8点至中午12点期间饮茶，糖尿病患者因心血管疾病而死亡的风险大大降低了38%；而与在这个时间段饮茶量最低三分位的相比，饮茶最多的人的心血管疾病死亡风险减少43%。对糖尿病患者来说，饮茶算是保护因素，能够有效降低全因和心血管疾病死亡风险。如果能选对合适的饮用时间，即早上8点至12点，则能更好地发挥其益处。不同时间饮茶与全因、特定疾病死亡率之间的关系总结来说，这项研究首次提出了咖啡和茶的摄入量与糖尿病患者长期生存之间的关系具有时间特异性。上午8点至中午12点期间，是饮茶和咖啡的最佳时间，能够使其保护作用最大化；相反，如果在临晨5点至上午8点饮用咖啡，则会出现“意外”的死亡风险增加现象。 “黎明现象”恐为“罪魁祸首” 不过需要注意的是，这种不利影响可能是糖尿病患者特有的，与“黎明现象”有关。糖尿病患者在经历“黎明现象”时，体内核受体亚家族的NR1D1、NR1D2的节律表达延迟，而这个过程受到下丘脑视交叉上核（SCN）中的γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能神经元调节。动物实验显示，激活SCN中的GABA能神经元会损害凌晨至上午时间的葡萄糖耐量，而在该时间段内饮用咖啡反而会增强N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体，诱导其释放出更多的GABA，加重糖尿病患者的糖耐量受损，进一步加剧了黎明现象的不良影响，最终导致“折寿”。除了“黎明现象”之外，糖尿病患者体内的糖皮质激素和氧化应激（如：谷胱甘肽、尿酸等）水平均在其中起到了中介作用。反过来说，为什么8点至12点是最佳的喝咖啡或喝茶的时间呢？这就不得不提到糖尿病患者控制血糖的关键昼夜节律基因脑和肌肉芳香烃受体核转运样蛋白（BMAL）了。BMAL表达的减少与餐后血糖和HbA1c水平升高、胰岛素分泌的延迟有关。当处于上午至中午的时间段时，生物钟基因BMAL的表达逐渐增加，且随着“黎明现象”的减弱，血糖水平会趋于稳定。而在8点至12点期间饮用咖啡或茶，能够帮助原本紊乱的BMAL节律表达恢复正常，让糖尿病患者能更好地控制血糖，改善其长期生存状态。虽然上述研究局限于糖尿病患者中，但也给爱好喝茶或咖啡的人提了个醒——喝对时间，事半功倍！如果早上起来得太早最好不要立刻喝咖啡，留给自己身体一些“清醒”的时间吧，可别靠“暴力”让自己清醒过来。参考资料： [1]Yang R, Lei Q, Liu Z, Shan X, Han S, Tang Y, Niu F, Liu H, Jiang W, Wei W, Han T. Relationship between timing of coffee and tea consumption with mortality (total, cardiovascular disease and diabetes) in people with diabetes: the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2014. BMC Med. 2024 Nov 11;22(1):526. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03736-x. PMID: 39523296; PMCID: PMC11552133. 撰文 | Swagpp 编辑 | Swagpp ● 被子越重，睡得越香！最新研究显示：盖上7kg左右的厚被子，显著改善睡眠！原因竟是... ● 热议！郑大一附院因职称晋升引发集体抗议！防疫一线人员优先，行不通了？三明医改下职称很重要！通过率降至40%，医生未来怎么办？ ● 震撼！医生吐槽：抢救完6小时内必须写完病历，要把医生累倒吗？医疗文书越来越多！病历书写很重要，曾有门诊未写病历被罚120万版权说明：梅斯医学（MedSci）是国内领先的医学科研与学术服务平台，致力于医疗质量的改进，为临床实践提供智慧、精准的决策支持，让医生与患者受益。欢迎个人转发至朋友圈，谢绝媒体或机构未经授权以任何形式转载至其他平台。点击下方「阅读原文」立刻下载梅斯医学APP！

临床结果

2023-08-31

·PRNewswire

SevenCells.com, a Telehealth Platform, Unveils Groundbreaking OTC Lineup: Revolutionizing Personal Health with Innovative Wellness Products

STUART, Fla., Aug. 31, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- SevenCells.com , a pioneering force in personalized prescription healthcare solutions, is ecstatic to announce the imminent launch of an exciting new line of over-the-counter (OTC) products this fall. Their passion is providing alternative healthcare options, and they are committed to helping consumers gain control over their treatment. Seven Cells is set to redefine how individuals manage their health and well-being. As a fully digital service, Seven Cells empowers consumers by enabling them to acquire prescription medications and order OTC products online, delivering the essential healthcare products they need directly and discreetly to their doorstep. Continue Reading Morning Essentials Women's Libido Gummies Among the highlights of this innovative product line is Morning Essentials, a state-of-the-art formulation that leverages the potency of natural ingredients like Glutathione, Berberine, Curcuminoids, Tapioca Fiber, Green Tea Extract, and Pyridoxine. This distinctive blend not only bolsters overall vitality, energy, and well-being, but also delivers crucial benefits for brain health and function. But that's not all – Morning Essentials is a powerhouse for gut health and anti-inflammation support, provides preventative anti-cancer support, and aids in detoxifying heavy metals from your system, making it a true game-changer in the OTC market. In addition to Morning Essentials, Seven Cells is proud to unveil Nootropic Brain Support, a revolutionary product designed to enhance cognitive performance. This ground-breaking formula incorporates ingredients such as Theobromine and Alpha GPC, which, according to the National Institutes of Health, have been proven to potentially enhance focus, memory, and mental clarity. Also joining the new Seven Cells OTC lineup are the Libido Gummies for Women, a swift-acting chewable designed to amplify sexual desire, performance, and pleasure in a convenient gummy form. These Libido Gummies are packed with natural ingredients renowned for boosting libido, such as horny goat weed, l-arginine, and panax ginseng. With a stacked range of offerings, including anti-aging solutions, sexual wellness, hair, and pain care options, the new line of Seven Cells OTC products underscores their unwavering commitment to empowering individuals to effortlessly take control of their health and live their best lives. For more information about Seven Cells and their trailblazing new line of OTC health and wellness products, please visit SevenCells.com. For media inquiries, please contact Kendal Plume at [email protected] or 561-688-8155. SOURCE SevenCells.com

2023-07-19

·Science Daily

Espresso can prevent Alzheimer's protein clumping in lab tests

Whether enjoyed on its own or mixed into a latte, Americano or even a martini, espresso provides an ultra-concentrated jolt of caffeine to coffee lovers. But it might do more than just wake you up. Research now shows that, in preliminary in vitro laboratory tests, espresso compounds can inhibit tau protein aggregation -- a process that is believed to be involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Whether enjoyed on its own or mixed into a latte, Americano or even a martini, espresso provides an ultra-concentrated jolt of caffeine to coffee lovers. But it might do more than just wake you up. Research now published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry shows that, in preliminary in vitro laboratory tests, espresso compounds can inhibit tau protein aggregation -- a process that is believed to be involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Roughly half of all Americans drink coffee every day, and espresso is a popular way to consume it. To "pull" an espresso shot, hot water is forced through finely ground coffee beans, creating a concentrated extract. This is often used as a base for other drinks, including the trendy espresso martini. Recent research has suggested that coffee could also have beneficial effects against certain neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Although the exact mechanisms that cause these conditions are still unclear, it's thought that a protein called tau plays a significant role. In healthy people, tau proteins help stabilize structures in the brain, but when certain diseases develop, the proteins can clump together into fibrils. Some researchers propose that preventing this aggregation could alleviate symptoms. So, Mariapina D'Onofrio and colleagues wanted to see if compounds in espresso could prevent tau aggregation in vitro. The researchers pulled espresso shots from store-bought beans, then characterized their chemical makeup using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They chose caffeine and trigonelline, both alkaloids, the flavonoid genistein and theobromine, a compound also found in chocolate, to focus on in further experiments. These molecules, along with the complete espresso extract, were incubated alongside a shortened form of the tau protein for up to 40 hours. As the concentration of espresso extract, caffeine or genistein increased, fibrils were shorter and didn't form larger sheets, with the complete extract showing the most dramatic results. Shortened fibrils were found to be non-toxic to cells, and they did not act as "seeds" for further aggregation. In other experiments, the researchers observed that caffeine and the espresso extract could both bind pre-formed tau fibrils. Although much more research is needed, the team says that their preliminary in vitro findings could pave the way toward finding or designing other bioactive compounds against neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's.

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100 项与可可碱相关的药物交易

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	可可碱	R03DA07 C03BD01	DB01412

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
心血管疾病	中国	石药创新制药股份有限公司	-

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT02209025 (Pubmed \| Eur J Nutr)	N/A	营养和代谢疾病	44	Theobromine	壓膚鬱蓋淵蓋蓋糧膚觸(鹹鹹窪簾膚糧獵鬱鑰襯) = 網構鏇製鑰壓憲襯觸網醖餘範衊觸壓艱築獵願 (築窪製遞齋鹹夢積窪鏇 )	-	2019-04-01
NCT02209025 (Pubmed \| Clin Nutr)	N/A	心血管疾病	44	Theobromine 500 mg/day	淵簾齋糧鏇齋製簾膚鏇(憲膚蓋淵淵網鬱膚鏇餘) = 憲範餘鹽選艱積觸積窪網鏇製積膚製襯夢醖繭 (廠餘壓糧簾鏇鬱繭選獵 ) 更多	不佳	2018-04-01