The effect of triethyl lead (TriEL) as triethyl lead chloride on the rhythmic peristaltic contractile activity of ileum isolated from Swiss white mice was investigated, with the aid of a tensiometer. The response was measured as a change in period duration and force amplitude. TriEL concentrations of < 40 microM did not show any obvious effects on either of the parameters. In the concentration range between 40 and 120 microM, TriEL exclusively affected the rhythm of contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. It induced elongation of the period and reduction of the force amplitude. Concentrations of TriEL above 120 microM induced irreversible dramatic changes in the ileum contractile activity, while 200 microM TriEL induced a strong contracture followed by an irreversible cessation of the oscillatory contractile activity. The results demonstrate that the measurement of rhythmic contractions may be a useful model for a toxicological screening system.

1998-02-01·Critical Care Medicine1区 · 医学

Antimicrobial durability and rare ultrastructural colonization of indwelling central catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin

1区 · 医学

Article

作者: Dima Abi-Said ; Mohammed Mansouri ; Douglas Morck ; Tukaram Darnule ; Ray Hachem ; Issam I. Raad ; Rabih O. Darouiche ; Hossam Safar

OBJECTIVETo determine the duration of antimicrobial activity and the efficacy of indwelling catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin in preventing ultrastructural colonization.DESIGNMulticenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial.SETTINGFive university-based medical centers.PATIENTSCohort 1 consisted of 40 randomized patients in whom an equal number of minocycline- and rifampin-coated and uncoated catheters were inserted and studied using scanning electron microscopy. Cohort 2 consisted of 118 patients who received coated catheters that were tested for the antimicrobial activity and levels of the antibiotics at the time of removal.INTERVENTIONSCatheters pretreated with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride and subsequently coated with minocycline and rifampin; uncoated catheters (control).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTSQuantitative scanning electron microscopy was utilized to determine both the ultrastructural colonization in biofilm on coated and uncoated catheters. The zones of inhibition of coated catheters from studied patients against Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to determine the antimicrobial durability. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine antibiotic levels on indwelling coated catheters and in serum. Mild-to-heavy ultrastructural colonization was detected in 7 (35%) of 20 coated catheters and in 16 (80%) of 20 uncoated catheters (p = .004). Significant antimicrobial inhibitory activity against S. epidermidis was maintained for 16 days. Rifampin and minocycline continued to be detected on the surfaces of coated catheters for at least 2 wks after placement. Neither antibiotic was detected in the 60 serum samples obtained from 15 patients during catheterization.CONCLUSIONCoating catheters with minocycline and rifampin inhibits ultrastructural colonization of indwelling catheters and maintains effective antimicrobial activity for at least 2 wks.

1996-11-01·Anaesthesia1区 · 医学

Central venous line sepsis in the intensive care unit A study comparing antibiotic coated catheters with plain catheters

1区 · 医学

Article

作者: Thornton, J ; Todd, N J ; Webster, N R

SummaryA randomised controlled clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic bonded lines in the reduction of central venous catheter infection. One hundred and seventy‐six plain and bonded catheters were inserted into one hundred and ten patients in an intensive care unit, many of whom were admitted with evidence of sepsis. The catheters used in the study group, which had been pre‐treated by the manufacturers with the cationic surfactant tridodecylmethylammonium chloride, were bonded with vancomycin 1 g made up in 10 ml of water immediately prior to insertion. The catheters used in the control group were neither pre‐treated nor bonded with vancomycin. Eighty percent of control group catheters were infected compared with 62% of study catheters (p = 0.01). The most common organism isolated was coagulase negative staphylococcus. We conclude that antibiotic bonding can reduce central venous catheter infection even in a patient population with a high incidence of sepsis.

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