AbstractOccasionally, obtaining an adequate or acceptable postmortem blood specimen for drug analysis is not possible due to factors such as decomposition, exsanguination, or embalming. Submandibular salivary gland tissue, one of three major types of salivary gland tissue in the oral cavity of humans, has been reported to be a viable alternative postmortem specimen for toxicological testing. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Randox Evidence Investigator instrument and Randox DOA (Drugs of Abuse) Ultra Whole Blood Array for the semi-quantitative determination of 21 immunoassays in an alternative matrix, submandibular salivary gland tissue. We analyzed 132 submandibular salivary gland tissue specimens and compared the generated results to concomitantly collected postmortem whole blood specimen results. Oxycodone 2, meprobamate, barbiturate, benzodiazepine assay 1, zolpidem, and buprenorphine all showed perfect agreement (Cohen’s kappa score = 1.00) between the submandibular salivary gland tissue results and the postmortem whole blood results; dextromethorphan, fentanyl, benzoylecgonine, methamphetamine, tricyclic antidepressants, oxycodone 1, and opiate showed an almost perfect agreement (Cohen’s kappa score = 0.81–0.99); methadone, generic opioids, and amphetamine exhibited substantial agreement (Cohen’s kappa score = 0.61–0.80). Tramadol demonstrated fair agreement (Cohen’s kappa score = 0.41–0.60). The lowest measure of agreement was observed with cannabinoids, meeting criteria for slight agreement (Cohen’s kappa score = 0.01–0.20). An application of the techniques described in this study could be implemented in postmortem toxicology laboratories as well as medical examiners offices to provide preliminary drugs of abuse test results that can be used to direct additional testing. This study highlights the successful integration of a novel specimen matrix and an “off-label” use of an established analytical technique.

2024-05-01·Water Research

Alternating water sources to minimize contaminant accumulation in food plants from treated wastewater irrigation

Article

作者: Gan, Jay ; Fu, Qiuguo ; Kaur, Parminder ; Shi, Qingyang ; Xiong, Yaxin ; Yates, Rebecca ; Smith, Aspen ; Cao, Meixian

The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation is a critical measure in advancing sustainable water management and agricultural production. However, TWW irrigation in agriculture serves as a conduit to introduce many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into the soil-plant-food continuum, posing potential environmental and human health risks. Currently, there are few practical options to mitigate the potential risk while promoting the safe reuse of TWW. In this greenhouse study, the accumulation of 11 commonly occurring CECs was evaluated in three vegetables (radish, lettuce, and tomato) subjected to two different irrigation schemes: whole-season irrigation with CEC-spiked water (FULL), and half-season irrigation with CEC-spiked water, followed by irrigation with clean water for the remaining season (HALF). Significant decreases (57.0-99.8 %, p < 0.05) in the accumulation of meprobamate, carbamazepine, PFBS, PFBA, and PFHxA in edible tissues were found for the HALF treatment with the alternating irrigation scheme. The CEC accumulation reduction was attributed to reduced chemical input, soil degradation, plant metabolism, and plant growth dilution. The structural equation modeling showed that this mitigation strategy was particularly effective for CECs with a high bioaccumulation potential and short half-life in soil, while less effective for those that are more persistent. The study findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this simple and on-farm applicable management strategy that can be used to minimize the potential contamination of food crops from the use of TWW and other marginal water sources in agriculture, while promoting safe reuse and contributing to environmental sustainability.

2024-01-01·Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice

Association of anxiolytic drugs with Torsade de Pointes: a pharmacovigilance study of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Article

作者: Goh, Khang Wen ; Razi, Pakhrur ; Rehman, Inayat Ur ; Ismail, Mohammad ; Ming, Long Chiau ; Ali, Zahid

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the association of Torsade de Pointes (TdP) with anxiolytic drugs and present a detailed overview of anxiolytic-induced cases of TdP reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsAll cases of anxiolytic-induced TdP (n = 260) between 1990 and 2020 were retrieved from the FAERS database using the Preferred Term 'Torsade de Pointes, code: 10044066' from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA version 22). Four data-mining algorithms were used for disproportionality analysis: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM), and Information Content (IC). Anxiolytics with ≥3 TdP cases were included.ResultsOf a total of eight drugs, this study identified seven signals of TdP, of which six signals were new, namely for alprazolam, bromazepam, lorazepam, meprobamate, midazolam, and oxazepam. Based on disproportionality analysis, among new signals, the highest risk of TdP was observed with bromazepam and midazolam. Alprazolam showed the lowest risk for TdP, while diazepam did not reach significant disproportionality.ConclusionsThis study identified six new signals of TdP among anxiolytic drugs, so warranting stringent clinical studies to ascertain the actual risk of TdP and ensure patient safety.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT.gov ID: NCT04293432).

100 项与甲丙氨酯相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00376	甲丙氨酯	N05BC01	DB00371

研发状态

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
焦虑症	中国	远大医药集团	1981-01-01
癫痫	中国	远大医药集团	1981-01-01
肌肉僵硬	中国	远大医药集团	1981-01-01
入睡和睡眠障碍	中国	远大医药集团	1981-01-01