BACKGROUNDRecurrent miscarriage is an early pregnancy complication that affects approximately 1-3 % of pregnant couples. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) plays an important role in various biological processes, including angiogenesis and pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of LIF in regulating angiogenesis-related genes in a mouse model of recurrent miscarriage.METHODFemale CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2J males were utilized as a miscarriage model. The study population was randomly assigned to three groups, normal group, mating female CBA/J mouse with male Balb/c without injection; miscarriage model control group with PBS injection; and the miscarriage group, in which LIF was injected. Following detection of a vaginal plug, mice were dissected on days 4, 7, and 14 of pregnancy. Uterine and placental tissues were collected to assess the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF, PDGF, ANG1, FGF, and TGF-β, using real-time PCR.RESULTData analysis revealed no significant differences in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes on days 4 and 7 of pregnancy compared with the control group. However, on day 14 of pregnancy, the expression of VEGF and TGF-β was significantly elevated in the miscarriage group receiving LIF compared to other groups (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). The placental expression of the studied genes also exhibited a non-significant increase in the miscarriage group, with VEGF and TGF-β showing the most prominent increases, although these changes were not statistically significant. Correlation analysis between uterine and placental gene expression on day 14 revealed no significant association.CONCLUSIONLIF regulates the uterine and placental expression of angiogenesis-related genes, particularly VEGF and TGF-β. These findings highlight the role of LIF in regulating angiogenesis-related gene expression and suggest that LIF could be a potential therapeutic candidate for improving pregnancy outcomes in cases of recurrent miscarriage.