University of Aveiro

漆器文物如何更好地保护？ 3D随形热管技术迎来哪些新突破？ 太阳能电池研究有哪些重要进展？ …… 近日，厦门大学多个科研团队 在多个领域取得重要进展， 不断拓展知识边界，书写崭新篇章。 让我们一起聚焦厦大最新科研动态， 感受科研创新的澎湃动力！ 吴欣教授团队与合作者开发了基于大环离子对组装体的净水材料 药学院吴欣教授团队与悉尼科技大学菲利普·A·戈尔‌‌（Philip A. Gale）教授﹑阿威罗大学维克多·费利克斯‌‌（Vítor Félix）教授合作，成功开发了基于四脲大环（ClTU）的水中亚微米尺度离子对聚集体，展示了一种高效且简便的策略用于自来水中有毒阴离子的去除。相关成果以“Trapping Anions within Stacks of Tetra-Urea Macrocycles”为题，在线发表在Journal of the American Chemical Society杂志。 目前，人工合成受体的水中阴离子配位化学主要依赖于金属配位和离子对作用。相比之下，基于氢键或其他偶极相互作用的电中性受体则有助于优化阴离子选择性，为多组分离子对的共组装提供了更多可能。然而，多数水溶性中性阴离子受体需要复杂的结构设计和繁琐的合成，水溶性基团的引入尤其增加了合成难度。此外，即使成功设计出在水中结合阴离子的受体，其受体-阴离子复合物的水溶性导致难以从水中将目标阴离子分离。在避免使用有害的有机溶剂进行液液萃取的前提下，不溶于水的阴离子受体大多无法应用于水中的阴离子分离。因此，开发便捷、高效且环保的阴离子分离策略成为当务之急。 针对上述挑战，研究团队提出了一种基于大环阴离子受体的离子对自组装策略，成功实现高效阴离子去除。研究人员将不溶于水的四脲大环阴离子受体（ClTU）以纳米聚集体的形式分散于水中，并引入阳离子型π-共轭荧光染料 TMPyP4，在抗衡阴离子存在下形成共组装体。分子动力学模拟结果表明，ClTU在溶液中形成柱状堆叠结构，阴离子及TMPyP4阳离子可嵌入其中。核磁共振、紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱和动态光散射的研究提供了TMPyP4和ClTU在水中聚集的直接证据。 得益于ClTU 的强阴离子结合能力、TMPyP4 提供的额外库仑稳定作用以及聚集体在水中良好的分散性，该共组装体具有亚毫摩尔级别的阴离子亲和力。当铬酸根和硫酸根等阴离子参与组装时，聚集体的尺寸达到300纳米以上，可通过滤膜将其从水中去除。研究进一步验证了其在净水中的应用潜力：在自来水样品中，该体系成功去除了有毒的铬酸根（Cr(VI)），使其残留浓度降至低于世界卫生组织的饮用水标准。这一基于大环阴离子受体的多组分自组装策略，为未来水相阴离子传感和分离材料的开发提供了新思路。 刘文教授团队揭示circFOXK2促ER阳性乳腺癌及内分泌治疗耐药的分子机制 药学院刘文教授团队在PNAS杂志上发表了题为“A circRNA–mRNA pairing mechanism regulates tumor growth and endocrine therapy resistance in ER-positive breast cancer”的研究成果。该研究发现，环状RNA circFOXK2在ER阳性乳腺癌中高表达，并通过稳定CCND1mRNA，促进肿瘤细胞生长、细胞周期进展及内分泌治疗耐药。 该研究首先筛选出ER阳性乳腺癌细胞中高表达的环状RNA，并发现circFOXK2对肿瘤细胞的生长起到了关键作用。进一步研究表明，circFOXK2通过circRNA-mRNA配对的新颖作用模式与CCND1 mRNA直接结合，招募RNA结合蛋白ELAVL1/HuR稳定CCND1mRNA，从而提高CCND1蛋白的表达。这一过程激活了CCND1-CDK4/6-p-RB-E2F信号通路，促进了细胞周期的G1/S期过渡，推动了肿瘤细胞的增殖和耐药。 研究人员进一步设计了靶向circFOXK2的反义寡核苷酸（ASO-circFOXK2），并证明其能够有效抑制乳腺癌细胞和肿瘤的生长。更为重要的是，ASO-circFOXK2与内分泌治疗药物他莫昔芬（Tamoxifen）联合使用，能够增强治疗效果，并恢复耐药细胞对Tamoxifen的敏感性。这一结果为ER阳性乳腺癌耐药的治疗提供了新的思路。 临床样本分析表明，circFOXK2的高表达与CCND1水平呈正相关，这一发现表明circFOXK2在乳腺癌中的重要作用及其作为潜在治疗靶点的临床价值。研究团队指出，circFOXK2作为一种新的分子靶点，尤其是在面对内分泌治疗耐药时，可能为ER阳性乳腺癌患者提供更有效的治疗策略。 周伟教授团队在3D随形热管技术领域取得突破性进展 散热技术对于提高电子设备的工作性能具有至关重要的影响，在结构紧凑且形状复杂的电子设备中，利用气液两相循环的热管进行热管理极具挑战性。萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院周伟教授团队在电子设备散热领域取得突破性进展。针对复杂结构电子设备的高热流密度散热技术难题，团队提出了全新的3D随形热管技术，能够根据目标电子设备的构型在三维空间内任意调整传热形态，破解装配空间的限制，并提高散热效率。3D随形柔性热管同时还具备结构支撑特性，可代替电子设备内部的支撑结构，可为狭小空间内复杂形态电子设备中的高热流密度散热难题提供有效的解决方案。 国际顶级综合期刊Nature Communications于2月17日报道了这一最新研究成果“Adaptative two-phasethermal circulation system for complex-shaped electronic device cooling”。 左右滑动查看更多 → 朱展云研究员团队揭示中国漆器生漆种类多样性新证据 历史与文化遗产学院文物保护科学实验室主任朱展云研究员团队在漆器文物保护研究中取得新突破。其成果以题为“Exploring thitsi in Qing Dynasty lacquerware: Insights from a preliminary study”的论文，发表在国际核心期刊npj Heritage Science上。该期刊是文化遗产保护领域的重要学术平台，位列中国科学院文献情报中心期刊分区表1区Top，并被A&HCI和SCI索引收录。 本研究以金华市博物馆收藏的清代款彩漆屏为研究对象，运用剖面显微分析、逐层微量取样、热裂解气相色谱质谱联用等多种分析技术，并结合盖蒂保护研究所和盖蒂博物馆联合开发的表征专家系统，首次在中国馆藏漆器中检测到来源于Gluta usitata的生漆。这一发现为探讨中国古代漆器制作中生漆种类的多样性提供了新的科学证据，拓展了对漆器材料使用的传统认知。 研究还揭示了该漆屏风在混合用漆方面的独特工艺。传统漆器制作通常采用来源于Toxicodendron vernicifluum的生漆作为表层漆膜，而漆灰层可能含有Gluta usitata或其他生漆。然而，本研究的漆屏风呈现出不同的用漆顺序，即漆灰层中使用了Toxicodendron vernicifluum生漆，表层漆膜则采用了Gluta usitata生漆。这一工艺特点表明，清代漆工不仅对不同生漆的性能特点有深入理解，还能根据实际需求进行合理运用，为进一步研究漆器制作技术的演变及材料选择提供了新的视角。 厦门大学-厦门市未来显示技术研究院团队在钙钛矿太阳能电池模组研究中取得重要突破 厦门大学与厦门市未来显示技术研究院的研究团队在钙钛矿太阳能电池研究领域取得重要突破，在国际顶级期刊Science Advances上发表了题为“Dimensional Engineering of Interlayer for Efficient Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells with High Stability under ISOS-L-3 Aging Test”的研究论文。利用低维钙钛矿（LDPs）作为三维钙钛矿（3D）表面处理层，通过精确的维度调控策略，成功实现了大面积钙钛矿太阳能组件的高效和长期稳定性，刷新了钙钛矿n-i-p结构组件的稳定性纪录，为新一代太阳能技术的规模化应用提供了理论依据和技术支持。 研究表明，低维钙钛矿（1D与2D）通过在3D钙钛矿表面形成的自组装结构，显著提升了界面电荷传输效率和缺陷钝化能力。然而，长期以来，低维钙钛矿的形成机制及其对器件性能的具体影响仍存争议。本研究通过调控三氟甲基（-CF3）基团在苯环上的不同取代位置，精确调控低维钙钛矿的维度和结构。团队发现，不同异构体配体的静电势分布和空间位阻效应，决定了低维钙钛矿的晶体维度与取向特性。其中，1D结构因其优异的通道取向和能级匹配能力，能够显著促进电荷转移，实现了器件性能的优化。 通过这一创新策略，研究团队实现了不同尺寸钙钛矿太阳能电池的高效性能： •0.12cm²太阳能电池的PCE高达24.19%； •6×6cm²（18cm²活性面积）太阳能组件的PCE高达22.05%； •10×10cm²（56cm²活性面积）太阳能组件的PCE达到20.20%。 更值得关注的是，这些组件在严格的国际光伏稳定性标准（ISOS）下表现出优异的稳定性。尤其是在ISOS-L-3协议下（85°C、50% ± 10%湿度、最大功率点跟踪测试），6×6cm²组件在1000小时加速老化测试中，仍保持初始效率的95%，刷新了钙钛矿n-i-p结构太阳能电池组件的稳定性纪录。 研究团队通过系统构建低维钙钛矿形成机制及性能影响的理论框架，精准控制低维钙钛矿的维度与结构，成功克服了材料缺陷对电池性能和稳定性的影响。这一研究成果为钙钛矿太阳能技术的规模化、标准化提供了重要支撑，有望进一步推动这一技术在能源领域的商业化应用。团队长期致力于高性能半导体光电器件的研究，近年来，已在Nat. Commun.、Adv. Funct. Mater., Laser Photonics Rev.，IEEEEDL等权威期刊发表了多篇研究成果。 本工作由厦门大学、厦门市未来显示技术研究院张荣院士团队完成，电子科学与技术学院李澄教授、陈孟瑜助理教授以及物理科学与技术学院黄凯教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。电子科学与技术学院博士生云驿凯与萨本栋微米纳米技术研究院博士生常青为共同第一作者。 左右滑动查看更多 → 王时中教授在《中国社会科学》发表论文 哲学系王时中教授的《对“具体的总体”的前提性批判———论马克思社会研究方法的深层结构与科学性特征》一文发表于《中国社会科学》2025年第1期。 文章指出，马克思从“抽象的规定”上升到“思想的具体”的社会研究方法，长期受到“实证主义”与“唯心主义”的多重误读。其根本原因在于马克思的社会研究成果是以“具体的总体”的形式表现出来的，而从“现实的具体”蒸发到“抽象的规定”的研究形式却无法同时显示出来。因此，需要在区分“现实的具体”“抽象的规定”“具体的总体”的基础上，批判性地揭示“具体的总体”的前提、形式与限度，以提炼与论证马克思社会研究方法的深层结构及其科学性特征。马克思的社会研究方法既是解构“资产阶级社会”的理论武器，又对中国式现代化道路具有不可替代的指导意义。 ▲全国两会上的厦大声音！ ▲实验室里的“拉丁女王”？厦大的她舞动青春！ ▲诶？我怎么被拉进了一个新群聊？（🤯→🤔→🤩） 来源：厦门大学新闻网 排版：柯安然 责编：张火火、曾浣浣 厦门大学党委宣传部出品

A new study concludes that an extinct volcano off the shore of Portugal could store as much as 1.2-8.6 gigatons of carbon dioxide, the equivalent of ~24-125 years of the country's industrial emissions. For context, in 2022 a total of 42.6 megatons (0.0426 gigatons) of carbon dioxide was removed from the atmosphere by international carbon capture and storage efforts, according to the Global CCS Institute. The new study suggests that carbon capture and storage in offshore underwater volcanoes could be a promising new direction for removal and storage of much larger volumes of the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. A new study published in Geology concludes that an extinct volcano off the shore of Portugal could store as much as 1.2-8.6 gigatons of carbon dioxide, the equivalent of ~24-125 years of the country's industrial emissions. For context, in 2022 a total of 42.6 megatons (0.0426 gigatons) of carbon dioxide was removed from the atmosphere by international carbon capture and storage efforts, according to the Global CCS Institute. The new study suggests that carbon capture and storage in offshore underwater volcanoes could be a promising new direction for removal and storage of much larger volumes of the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. "We know that most countries, including Portugal, are making efforts to decarbonize the economy and our human activities, this is a message that this may be one of the instruments to solve the problem" says Ricardo Pereira, a geologist at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, and co-author of the study. Storing carbon dioxide in an extinct volcano would rely on a process known as 'in situ mineral carbonation.' In this process, carbon dioxide reacts with elements in certain types of rocks to produce new minerals that safely and permanently store the carbon dioxide. Elements like calcium, magnesium, and iron combine with carbon dioxide to form the minerals calcite, dolomite, and magnesite, respectively. Rocks that contain large amounts of calcium, iron, and magnesium are ideal candidates for this process -- such as the volcanic basalts that make up most of the sea floor. Knowing this, the researchers targeted an offshore volcano for a few reasons -- the structure of the volcano could provide an ideal architecture for carbon injection and storage, the rocks are the right type for the reactions involved, and the location Is not too close to large populations, but also not too far. Most carbon capture projects have relied on injection of carbon dioxide into porous sedimentary basins that are sealed to prevent migration of the gas out of reservoirs. In these cases, the carbon will eventually start to form minerals, but only over longer periods of time -- decades to centuries. In 2016, researchers published findings that 95% of carbon dioxide injected into underground basalts in Iceland had mineralized within just two years. The much shorter mineralization time makes the process safer and more effective -- once carbon is stored in minerals, issues like potential leaks are no longer a concern. Davide Gamboa, a geologist at the University of Aveiro and co-author of the study, explains, "What makes mineral carbonation really interesting is the time. The faster it gets into a mineral, the safer it becomes, and once it's a mineral, it is permanent." The researchers studied the storage potential at the ancient Fontanelas volcano, which is partially buried ~100 kilometers offshore from Lisbon, with a peak ~1500 meters below sea-level. To estimate the potential volume of carbon dioxide that could be stored at this site, the authors used 2D and 3D seismic studies of the undersea volcano that had been produced during offshore oil exploration, as well as data from samples that had been dredged from the area in 2008. The dredged samples contained naturally formed carbonate minerals, indicating that the chemical reactions required to store carbon were already happening, and that intentional efforts to mineralize carbon in these rocks should be successful. The samples also had up to 40% pore space -- meaning there are spaces within the rocks where carbon dioxide could be injected and mineralized. The researchers also indicate that low-permeability layers imaged around the flanks of the volcano could help with containing the carbon dioxide before it is mineralized. While this study demonstrated a large potential carbon storage capacity at the Fontanelas volcano, the authors highlight that many other places around the world may have similar offshore volcanoes that could be candidates for carbon capture and storage.

DNA can help to stimulate bone healing in a localized and targeted manner, for example after a complicated fracture or after severe tissue loss following surgery. Scientists have developed a new process in which they coat implant materials with a gene-activated biomaterial that induces stem cells to produce bone tissue. DNA can help to stimulate bone healing in a localised and targeted manner, for example after a complicated fracture or after severe tissue loss following surgery. This has been demonstrated by researchers at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), the University of Leipzig, the University of Aveiro (Portugal) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS in Halle. They have developed a new process in which they coat implant materials with a gene-activated biomaterial that induces stem cells to produce bone tissue. Their findings were published in the journal Advanced Healthcare Materials. Bones are a fascinating example of the body's ability to regenerate. They are able to regain full functionality -- even after a fracture -- thanks to their ability to form new, resilient tissue at the fracture site. "However, when it comes to complicated fractures or major tissue loss, even a bone's self-healing power is insufficient," explains Professor Thomas Groth, head of the Biomedical Materials research group at MLU's Institute of Pharmacy. "In such cases, implants are needed to stabilize the bone, replace parts of joints, or bridge larger defects with degradable materials." The success of such implants depends largely on how well they are incorporated into the bone. Increased efforts have been made in recent years to support this process by coating implants with bioactive materials to activate bone cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of generating different types of tissue, however activating them to specifically regenerate bone can be particularly challenging. In such cases, an extracellular matrix plays a crucial role. "The tissue between the bone cells is made up of collagens and chondroitin sulphate, among other things," explains Groth. "It can be artificially replicated and applied to the surface of implants to make them bioactive." This ensures that implants are incorporated better and are less likely to be rejected by the body. Drugs and activators can also be added to the artificial extracellular matrix to stimulate bone growth. One such activator is the protein BMP-2, which is already being used in spinal fusions or to treat complicated, non-healing fractures. However, studies have shown that the high dose of BMP-2 needed can lead to uncontrolled bone tissue formation in the surrounding muscle as well as to other undesirable side effects. The researchers from Halle, Leipzig and Aveiro are therefore proposing a procedure that stimulates stem cells in a more targeted way and causes significantly fewer side effects. One thing they are focusing on is enhancing the design of the extracellular matrix. They use a special layer-by-layer technology to apply the biomaterial to the implant. This enables them to control its composition, structure and properties at the nano level. "It is a sophisticated process which we have perfected at MLU in collaboration with Fraunhofer IMWS," explains Thomas Groth. This design at the nano level is needed to functionalise the biomaterial; here they are leaning on the expertise of colleague Dr Christian Wölk from Leipzig. Instead of incorporating large amounts of BMP-2 directly into the biofilm and risking an uncontrolled release, he packages DNA fragments into lipid nanoparticles that act as transport containers. Only after the implant has been inserted does the DNA migrate into the cells of the bone tissue and stimulate them to produce BMP-2. This, in turn, activates the bone-forming stem cells. "Mimicking the extracellular matrix as a thin-film surface coating and functionalising it with nanoparticles is a milestone in pharmaceutical materials research," explains Thomas Groth. "DNA can be released in a targeted manner and limits the stimulation of tissue growth with respect to time and location, without causing undesirable side effects." According to Groth, the method is also fundamentally suited for transporting mRNA and thus expands the possibilities of regenerative medicine -- not only in the field of bone formation, but also for other therapeutic applications.