The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is diagnosed mainly through clinical interviews, highlighting a need for objective neurophysiological measures. Although P300 abnormalities have been well documented in adults with MDD, evidence in adolescents remains scarce. This study examined P300 alterations in adolescents with first-episode, drug-naïve MDD and evaluated its diagnostic potential.

A total of 182 adolescents with first-episode, drug-naïve MDD and 127 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the study. Electroencephalogram was recorded during a visual oddball task, and P300 amplitude and latency were extracted as features for support vector machine (SVM) classification between groups.

Adolescents with MDD exhibited significantly reduced P300 amplitudes in response to both standard and target stimuli compared to HCs (all p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.263-1.139), with no group differences were observed in P300 latency (all p > 0.05). In the MDD group, P300 amplitude was negatively correlated with the Children's Depression Inventory scores (p < 0.001, r = -0.232 - -0.347). The SVM classifier based on P300 features achieved a maximum accuracy of 90.63%.

The proportion of females was significantly higher in the MDD group than in the HCs group. The performance of the SVM model has not yet been validated using an independent external dataset.

Adolescents with MDD exhibit reduced P300 amplitudes, which were significantly associated with greater symptom severity. The SVM model demonstrated that P300 features effectively distinguish patients from HCs, underscoring their potential as objective neurophysiological measures for early identification and clinical assessment of adolescents MDD.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) poses a significant threat to adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) owing to elevated hospitalization and suicidality risks. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) shows promise for treating NSSI in adolescents with depression. The efficacy of iTBS for treating NSSI in adolescents with MDD was evaluated in this study. In this sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial, adolescents with MDD were allocated randomly to active or sham treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio. They received active or sham iTBS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) for five sessions daily for 5 days. The primary outcome was the difference in NSSI frequency and severity at 4-week follow-up, assessed using the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory-Adolescent Revised version (DSHI-AR). Additional measures included changes in the Deliberate Self-Harm Ideation Scale for Adolescents Revised (DSHI-AR ideation) and Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory-addiction subscale (OSI-addiction). Of the 60 participants (mean [standard deviation] age, 14.2 [1.5] years; female sex, 55 patients [91.7%]), 85% completed the intervention. At 4 weeks post-intervention, the active treatment group showed greater DSHI-AR score reduction than the sham treatment group (mean difference, -18.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], -28.35--8.97). Active treatment led to a greater decline in DSHI-AR ideation (mean difference, -9.23; 95% CI, -14.41--4.05) and OSI-addiction (mean difference, -6.16; 95% CI, -10.58--1.74) scores compared with the sham treatment. Mild headaches were reported during the intervention, without significant group differences. The findings indicate that iTBS targeting the LDLPFC is an effective and well-tolerated strategy for treating NSSI in adolescents with MDD.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and insufficient insulin secretion. Despite existing therapeutic strategies, challenges such as inadequate treatment adherence and psychological stress often result in suboptimal blood glucose control. This study investigates the effectiveness of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation-based nursing model in managing T2DM, aiming to improve blood glucose control, physical health, quality of life, and psychological state. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 125 T2DM patients from the endocrinology clinic between April 2023 and November 2024. Participants were divided into 2 groups: the observation group (TCM syndrome differentiation-based nursing model) and the control group (conventional nursing care). Various outcomes were assessed, including blood glucose management (fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin), physical indicators (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio), food craving (Food Cravings Trait Questionnaire), quality of life (Diabetes Quality of Life Scale), and psychological state (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale). The observation group showed significantly greater reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin ( P  < .001), compared to the control group ( P  < .05). Physical indicators (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio) also improved significantly ( P  < .001), with greater improvements than the control group ( P  < .05). Additionally, the observation group had notably better scores for food craving (Food Cravings Trait Questionnaire) and quality of life (Diabetes Quality of Life Scale), and anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) and depression (Self-Rating Depression Scale) scores decreased significantly ( P  < .05). The TCM syndrome differentiation-based nursing model significantly improves blood glucose control, physical health, dietary control, quality of life, and psychological well-being in T2DM patients, suggesting its important clinical application value.