Kangwon National University

Perilla crop is a self-fertilizing annual plant, cultivated and used mainly in East Asia. Perilla frutescens var. frutescens seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which have health benefits, and Perilla frutescens var. crispa leaves are rich in anthocyanins. However, genomic analysis such as whole genome sequencing or genetic mapping has not been performed on Perilla crop. This current study confirms the abundance and diversity of 15,991 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) classified in previous studies in the Perilla genome, selects and designs 1,538 SSR primer sets, and confirms which SSR primer sets exhibit high polymorphism. Of the 15,991 SSRs classified, there were 9,910 (62%) dinucleotide repeats, 5,652 (35.3%) trinucleotide repeats, and 429 (2.7%) tetranucleotide repeats. Among these, the most identified was (CT)n with a total of 4,817. The 15,991 SSRs had 4 to 26 repeats. Four repeats were the most frequent with 11,084 (69.3%). A total of 1,538 SSR primers were selected and designed to confirm polymorphism, of which 157 showed persistent and clear polymorphism. Among these 157 SSR primer sets, 98 (62.4%) were dinucleotide repeats, 39 (24.8%) were trinucleotide repeats, and 20 (12.7%) were tetranucleotide repeats. Among 549 SSR primers that showed polymorphism, trinucleotide repeats showed persistent polymorphism at a high rate. Therefore, when developing SSR primer sets for Perilla crop in the future, it is recommended that trinucleotide repeats be selected first. These research results will be helpful in future genomic analysis and development of SSR primers in Perilla crop.

To enhance stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin in Pickering emulsions stabilized by starch nanoparticles (SNP), cationized guar gum (CGG) was incorporated into the emulsion. Zeta potential results revealed that SNP and CGG formed electrostatic interactions, resulting in stable interfacial layer with higher hydrophobicity. Adding 0.4 % CGG maintained a homogeneous phase without significant droplet size change for up to one month. The emulsion with 0.4 % CGG demonstrated stable storage under varying pH (4-10), ionic strength (0-10 mM NaCl), and freeze-thaw cycles (up to 3). When optimized Pickering emulsion system was applied to curcumin encapsulation, curcumin-loaded emulsions were stably maintained for up to one month. The curcumin retained approximately 100 % stability under thermal (90 °C) and UV (12h) treatments. In the optimized emulsion, starch components resisted digestion in oral and gastroenteric phases but were primarily digested in small intestine, resulting in an increasing bioaccessibility from 88.23 to 96.92 %.

Solid particles are essential for stabilising Pickering emulsions and improving interfacial catalytic reactions. We constructed magnetic polydopamine nanoparticles to stabilise lipase-Pickering emulsions for olive oil deacidification. The results showed that the nanoparticles had a core-shell structure with an average particle size of 605.8 nm, a zeta potential of -39.3 mV and a contact angle of 55.9°, which effectively stabilised the emulsion. The particles were added to the lipase solution and sonicated to construct the emulsion system. The emulsion droplets were the smallest and most uniformly distributed under 400 W ultrasonic irradiation for 10 min. The lipase adsorbed on the oil-water interface and promoted the hydrolysis of olive oil. The released fatty acid content increased 1.7-fold compared with the non-emulsion. This study not only provides a new immobilisation method for the interfacial catalysis of lipase but also provides ideas for the high-value utilisation of high acid-value oil resources.