Continuous and efficient seawater evaporation is paramount for sustainable solar-powered freshwater productionHowever, current solar-powered desalination plants face challenges such as salt accumulation, oil spills, or marine fouling, resulting in operational issues like clogging and corrosion.Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a robust freshwater generation device capable of preventing multiple contaminations.In this paper, a novel multilayer structured composite polyurethane sponge (CDPU) consisting of a photothermal layer (PTPU), a salt and marine fouling-resistant layer (SDPU), and an oil-water separation layer (LPPU) was developed through a straightforward surface coating method.Initially, CDPU efficiently separates oil pollutants from seawater and reclaims spilled oil via the LPPU layer.Subsequent purification is facilitated by the exceptional anti-fouling properties of the SDPU layer, preparing the seawater for desalination via the photothermal layer.This integrated approach boosts the water evaporation rate to approx. 2.22 kg/m2·h with a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of 91.9 %.Notably, the CDPU exhibits impeccable resistance (99.99 %) against E. coli and S. aureus and excellent resistance to diatom adhesion.In addition, when augmented with Fe3O4@OA@HCNT nanoparticles, the CDPU demonstrates exceptional prowess in separating and recovering oil spills from seawater.Thus, CDPU emerges as a promising candidate for solar-powered desalination.