A new startup believes it’s found a way to revolutionize treatment for allergic and immunologic diseases, and it got things started with a hefty Series A and scientific paper that puts a longtime blockbuster firmly in its crosshairs.
The biotech, called Excellergy, is taking aim at Roche and Novartis’ Xolair franchise with an approach it says can treat patients more effectively — and way more rapidly — by targeting an immune response once thought to be undruggable.
If everything works out, Excellergy’s two programs could also treat a wide range of conditions, from food allergies and chronic hives to eczema and even anaphylaxis.
“The rolled-up version in the animal model is we’re preventing an anaphylactic reaction where Xolair does nothing,” CSO and co-founder Geoff Harris told
Endpoints News
, describing the paper published in
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
. “In the other elements of that, we’re showing various elements of how that actually happens.”
Excellergy is calling the experimental drugs “effector cell response inhibitors,” or ECRIs. The company debuted Monday with $70 million in the bank to advance its two programs, both of which are preclinical. The current plan is to get the lead drug into the clinic by the first quarter of next year and have those data ready by the end of 2026, according to CEO Todd Zavodnick.
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Researchers haven’t yet picked which disease for the first program; that decision will be informed by the Phase 1 healthy volunteer data, Zavodnick added. Good allergy and chronic hives are the top two contenders, with “subtypes of asthma” a close third. The lead ECRI is also an antibody, while the second’s formulation and mechanism of action are not being disclosed.
Xolair, first approved in 2003 for asthma, has long been a steady driver of revenue that had a recent boost in sales following a green light for food allergy last year. It brought in $4.45 billion in global sales last year. Xolair is also expected to reach its patent cliff before the end of the year, with the first biosimilars expected to launch in 2026.
The research underpinning Excellergy’s launch comes from the lab of Alexander Eggel at the University of Bern in Switzerland. In an exclusive interview, an effusive Eggel broke down how the company’s drugs work.
To understand ECRIs is to understand how the immune system evolved. Millennia ago, humans and their ancestors required natural defenses to parasites, Eggel said. That resulted in the development of immunoglobulin E, or IgE, which primes two kinds of white blood cells to attack: mast cells, found primarily in tissue, and basophils, which circulate in the bloodstream.
In modern times, with fewer parasites in the developed world, IgE doesn’t do much anymore in terms of immune defense. But it plays a significant role in inflammatory and allergic reactions, attaching to the mast cells and basophils and making them go haywire whenever they falsely detect an allergen — like peanuts or shellfish — instead of a parasite.
“B cells start to produce IgE against peanuts, and then that IgE goes systemic in the bloodstream and sensitizes, binds to basophils in circulation and mast cells in the tissues,” Eggel said. “And so now they are sensitized and armed.”
Scientists previously believed that once IgE gloms onto mast cells and basophils, it could not be removed. This is the theory that Xolair researchers worked with since the drug only targets IgE circulating freely in the blood. As a result, treatment is gradual and patients need to be dosed for a while before seeing an effect.
But Eggel’s lab found a way to interfere with IgE bonds. Those bonds — between IgE and mast cells, and IgE and basophils — are non-covalent, Eggel said, meaning they rapidly skip back and forth between the two binding sites. “It happens very, very fast, within milliseconds,” Eggel said.
The ECRIs are able to “sneak in” between the skipping, prying the IgE off the mast cells and basophils. The new paper outlines how this effectively shuts down the immune system’s allergic response and compares it to Xolair in animal models.
“You need to hit the exact right epitope, so the exact right binding site on the IgE, and you need to kick it off extremely quickly,” Eggel said. “Otherwise, you run into trouble.”
It’s still early days for Excellergy’s two programs. They haven’t been tested in people, and exceptional preclinical data doesn’t always translate perfectly into humans.
But Zavodnick, Harris and Eggel are all confident in the programs’ safety profile and trust that interfering with IgE bonds won’t lead to cascading side effects. Harris says that’s due to the IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils essentially disappearing once the bonds are separated, leading to a “crippling” of the allergic response.
And if the lead drug pans out, the second program could improve even further on the response time for patients, positioning Excellergy for a follow-on to its own technology.
“Obviously, this is a business for optimists,” Harris said. “We have to go prove it out in the clinic to say, once we get into humans, that’s clear.”