更新于：2024-04-01

ghrelin

生长素

更新于：2024-04-01

基本信息

别名

Appetite-regulating hormone、ghrelin、ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide

+ [12]

简介

May be the ligand for GPR39. May have an appetite-reducing effect resulting in decreased food intake. May reduce gastric emptying activity and jejunal motility (By similarity). Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR) (PubMed:10604470). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary (PubMed:10604470). Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation. Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR) (PubMed:10604470). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary (PubMed:10604470). Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation.

关联

项与 ghrelin 相关的药物

Livoletide

靶点

ghrelin

作用机制

ghrelin调节剂

在研机构

原研机构

在研适应症

非在研适应症

最高研发阶段临床3期

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

Lenomorelin

合成生长素

靶点

ghrelin

作用机制

ghrelin激动剂

在研机构

University of Kansas Medical Center

原研机构

University of California San Diego

在研适应症

脑震荡

非在研适应症

神经性厌食症 [+3]

最高研发阶段临床2期

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

PF-05190457

靶点

ghrelin

作用机制

ghrelin反向激动剂

在研机构

原研机构

在研适应症

非在研适应症

最高研发阶段临床2期

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

项与 ghrelin 相关的临床试验

NCT05726240 / Not yet recruiting临床2期

Multicentre Randomized Trial of Ghrelin in Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Treated With Endovascular Thrombectomy. A Randomized Phase 2 Trial

About half of the patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remain dependent on the help of others or die in the first 90 days. We hypothesize that treatment with ghrelin, started in the first six hours after stroke onset, improves early recovery and long-term functional outcome in these patients. Ghrelin is a naturally occurring hormone and mildly excitatory neurotransmitter also known as the 'hunger hormone.' Treatment with acylated ghrelin consistently improved functional and histological recovery in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke.

开始日期2023-10-01

申办/合作机构

Rijnstate

NCT05318924 / Recruiting临床1/2期

Will Work for Reward: Effects of Ghrelin Administration on Dopamine and Effort

Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone and the only known circulating peptide that stimulates appetite. Animal studies have conclusively shown that ghrelin increases dopaminergic neurotransmission and, thereby, enhances effort. However, similar evidence on the putative role of ghrelin in humans is still lacking. Here, the investigators propose to conduct a [11C]-raclopride PET/MR study after intravenous administration of ghrelin vs. saline in healthy individuals. First, during an intake visit, the investigators will assess fasting blood levels of hormones involved in appetitive behavior such as ghrelin, leptin, and insulin. In addition, the investigators will conduct a set of tasks that have been associated with dopamine function (i.e., effort and reinforcement learning). Second, the investigators will assess the effects of intravenous administration of ghrelin on dopamine signaling using a double-blind randomized cross-over design. To this end, participants will be infused with ghrelin (vs. saline) while we determine dopamine release (via PET imaging) and assess cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity at rest (via concurrent MR imaging). Furthermore, the investigators will conduct an instrumental motivation task (IMT) where participants have to exert physical effort to obtain rewards. Based on preclinical studies and indirect evidence from human studies, the investigators hypothesize that ghrelin will increase dopamine release in the striatum and that this will, in turn, lead to an increase in the willingness to work for rewards. Moreover, the investigators expect that ghrelin-induced dopamine release will be associated with an elevated tracking of reward utility in the mesolimbic circuit during the IMT, which is known to be associated with response vigor. Collectively, the proposed project would provide a unique resource to test an important link between the gut and the brain in the regulation of appetitive behavior. If ghrelin were to enhance effort expenditure for rewards via dopamine signaling in humans, then restoring sensitivity to ghrelin might be the more promising therapeutic approach compared to antagonizing the ghrelin receptor.

开始日期2022-02-21

申办/合作机构

University Hospital Tübingen

[+1]

NCT04768803 / RecruitingN/AIIT

Circulating Levels of Ghrelin in Patients With a Rare Disease Associated With Intellectual Disability, and Hyperphagia, and / or Overweight, and / or Obesity

A significantly higher proportion of patients with rare diseases (RD) with intellectual disability (ID), present hyperphagia, overweight or obesity, compared to the general population. Prader-Willi syndrome is the only genetic obesity identified to date associated with hyperghrelinemia, while ghrelin levels are lower than in controls in other situations of obesity.
The aim of the study is to find out whether the levels of ghrelin, which are abnormally high in PWS throughout life, are also high in these RD when people have hyperphagia and/or overweight.

开始日期2021-06-10

申办/合作机构

Toulouse University Hospital

100 项与 ghrelin 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 ghrelin 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 ghrelin 相关的专利（医药）

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11,020

项与 ghrelin 相关的文献（医药）

2024-03-01·Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists

Ghrelin and depressive symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder: The mediating role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Article

作者: Chuhao Zhang ; Yeqing Dong ; ShuHua Li ; Meijuan Li ; Ying Gao ; Yuan Liu ; Xueying Liu ; Chi Zhou ; Jie Li

BACKGROUND:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the global burdens of disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. An increasing amount of research indicates that ghrelin regulates mood in patients with MDD. Still, current results are inconsistent, and the mechanisms underlying how ghrelin modulates depressive symptoms are inconclusive, especially in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship and potential mechanism between ghrelin and first-episode drug-naïve MDD.

METHODS:

Ninety first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients and 65 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) as a measure of depressive symptoms. Plasma levels of ghrelin and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) hormones were measured in all participants.

RESULTS:

Compared to HCs, the ghrelin levels were higher in the MDD (p < .001) and still showed significance after covarying for sex, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Ghrelin was positively related to corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) levels (r = .867, p < .001), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels (r = .830, p < .001), and cortisol levels (r = .902, p < .001) in partial correlation analysis. In addition, there was a positive correlation between HAMD total score and ghrelin levels (r = .240, p = .026). Other than that, the HAMD total score also had a positive correlation with the CRH (r = .333, p = .002) and cortisol (r = .307, p = .004) levels. Further mediation analysis demonstrated that the relationship between ghrelin and HAMD total score was mediated by CRH (ab-path; β = .4457, 95% CI = 0.0780-1.0253, c-path; β = .2447, p = .0260, c'-path; β = -.2009, p = .3427).

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings revealed that plasma ghrelin provides a pivotal link to depressive symptoms in first-episode drug-naive MDD patients. CRH mediated the relationship between ghrelin and HAMD total score. It might provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of MDD, contributing to intervention and treatment from this approach.

2024-02-20·Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology

Acyl ghrelin, desacyl ghrelin and their ratio affect hepatic steatosis via PPARγ signaling pathway.

Article

作者: Emine Elibol ; Yasemin Akdevelioğlu ; Canan Yılmaz ; Belkıs Narlı ; Serkan Şen ; Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu ; Cemile Merve Seymen

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS:

Ghrelin is an appetite hormone-containing 28-amino acid and has 4 different forms in the body. Ghrelin forms have different physiological functions in the body. This study aims to analyze the effect of acyl and desacyl ghrelin hormone on hepatic steatosis and biochemical findings in 36 male Wistar rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Rats were split into 6 equal groups, consisting of control, acyl ghrelin, desacyl ghrelin, acyl/desacyl 3:1, acyl/desacyl 1:1, and acyl/desacyl 1:3 groups, and administered placebo or 200 ng/kg hormone subcutaneous twice a day for 14 days. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed on Day 15, Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) on Day 16, and scarification procedure on Day 17. Certain biochemical data and liver diacylglycerol (DAG), glycogen, protein kinase C and PPAR-γ levels were detected in the blood. Histological analyses were also conducted on the liver tissues.

RESULTS:

The highest plasma total cholesterol and VLDL-K levels were found in the acyl/desacyl 1:3 group, and lower insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were found in groups where acyl and desacyl were administered together (p < 0.05). PPAR-γ gene expression level increased in acyl ghrelin and acyl/desacyl 1:3 groups compared to the control group. Protein kinase C gene expression was highest in the acyl/desacyl 1:3 group. The most severe degenerative findings compliant with steatosis in the liver were observed in the acyl ghrelin group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

It was determined that administering rats acyl alone and acyl/desacyl by 1:3 caused the highest PPAR-γ gene expression, serum total cholesterol, HDL-K, and VLDL-K levels in the body. Besides, it is shown that desacyl ghrelin effectively regulates the blood glucose level when administered alone.

2024-02-19·General and comparative endocrinology

Effects of ghrelin on food caching behaviour and body composition in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus).

Article

作者: Matthew Williamson ; Sara Lupi ; Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton

Several metabolic hormones signal an organism's energy balance to the brain and modulate feeding behaviours accordingly. These metabolic signals may also regulate other behaviour related to energy balance, such as food caching or hoarding. Ghrelin is one such hormone, but it appears to exert different effects on appetite and fat levels in birds and mammals. Ghrelin treatment inhibits food intake and decreases fat stores in some bird species, but these effects may differ between acylated and unacylated (des-acyl) forms of ghrelin. The effect of ghrelin on food caching in birds has been examined in only one study, that found both leptin and unacylated ghrelin reduced food caching and mass gain in coal tits (Periparus ater). We expanded on this to test how both forms of ghrelin affect food caching and body composition in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). We injected each bird with acylated ghrelin, unacylated ghrelin, and a saline control and then measured food caching every 20 min for two hours post-injection. We also measured body mass fat levels the day before, and after treatment using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR). Contrary to prior work, we found no effects of either form of ghrelin on food caching, or body or fat mass. Future work is required to determine if the difference between our results and those of the prior study stems from species differences in response to ghrelin and/or in the motivation to cache food, or ghrelin effects being modulated by energy reserves.

项与 ghrelin 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-03-26

·生物谷

Science：中外科学家携手首次发现油菜素甾醇输出蛋白并破解它的三维结构

这项新的研究阐明了拟南芥ABCB19作为BR输出蛋白的作用，为ABC家族的研究开辟了新思路。当你阅读这篇文章时，你的体内正有多种激素在辛勤工作，以稳定你的健康状况。正如人类一样，植物的生长和繁殖也离不开植物激素（phytohormone）的调节。其中一种植物激素是油菜素甾醇（brassinosteroid, BR），也被称为第六种植物激素。在一项新的研究中，中国科学技术大学生命科学学院孙林峰（Sun Linfeng）教授课题组与 VIB-UGent 植物系统生物学中心的 Eugenia Russinova 教授及其团队发现了首个 BR 输出蛋白，并展示了它在底物未结合和BR结合两种状态下的结构。相关研究结果发表在2024年3月22日的Science期刊上，论文标题为“Structure and function of the Arabidopsis ABC transporter ABCB19 in brassinosteroid export”。 BR激素在调节植物发育和生理，包括适应环境胁迫方面发挥着关键作用。由于其经济效益高、效果显著，它们也被广泛应用于农业领域。以往对 BR 的研究已阐明了它们的合成、代谢和信号传导过程，但细胞内合成的 BR 向外输出以执行其功能的关键机制仍然未知。然而，随着这项新的研究确认了首个 BR 输出蛋白，科学家们向前迈出了一大步。这种新发现的BR输出蛋白——ABCB19，过去通常被认为是另一种重要植物激素——生长素（auxin）的转运蛋白。然而，ABCB19 的突变体表型与典型的生长素转运蛋白并不完全一致。在此基础上，这些作者提出了一个大胆的问题：ABCB19 是否有生长素以外的底物。这些作者寻找各种证据来验证他们的假设。他们首先测试了拟南芥 ABCB19 在不同植物激素（包括生长素和BR）作用下的 ATPase 活性。他们的结果表明，ABCB19 的 ATPase 活性可受到生物活性BR剂量依赖性的刺激，但不会受到生长素或BR生物合成前体的刺激。与此同时，他们还进行了体外和体内测试来评估 ABCB19 转运BR的情况。首次发现神秘的BR输出蛋白在低温电镜的帮助下，这些作者目睹了 ABC19 输出BR的过程，并确定了 ABC19 能够与BR结合的独特结构。此外，他们还进行了植物生理和遗传分析，以便确认 ABCB19 在BR信号转导中的作用。所有实验结果都表明，BR 是 ABC19 的底物。植物BR激素输出和信号传导模型。图片来自Science, 2024, doi:10.1126/science.adj4591 论文第一作者Ying Wei 说，“有一段时间我们很困惑，因为我们的实验结果与人们普遍认为的 ABC19 是一种生长素输出蛋白的观点不一致。但当发现BR也是它的底物时，我们非常激动。”这是一个非常出人意料、令人兴奋的发现。孙教授解释说，“过去的研究更侧重于细胞水平，这可能是多年来我们忽略了BR是转运底物这一事实的原因。”这项新的研究阐明了拟南芥ABCB19作为BR输出蛋白的作用，为ABC家族的研究开辟了新思路。 Russinova 教授说，“未来的研究将揭示ABCB19活化和底物偏好的调控机制，并有望发现更多的BR输出蛋白。这些机制将帮助我们设计出更有效的策略，通过调节内源性BR的数量和分布来提高植物的生产力和抗逆性。”（生物谷 Bioon.com）参考资料： Wei Ying et al. Structure and function of the Arabidopsis ABC transporter ABCB19 in brassinosteroid export. Science, 2024, doi:10.1126/science.adj4591. In a first, team identifies mysterious exporter for brassinosteroid plant hormonehttps://phys.org/news/2024-03-team-mysterious-exporter-brassinosteroid-hormone.html

临床研究

2024-03-14

·生物探索

Nat Metab | 暨南大学许戈阳等团队合作发现胃机械敏感通道Piezo1调节胃饥饿素的产生和食物摄入

引言胃饥饿素主要由胃X/A样细胞产生，向中枢神经系统发出饥饿信号，刺激食欲。目前尚不清楚X/A样细胞是否能感知胃胀，从而调节胃饥饿素的产生。2024年3月11日，暨南大学许戈阳及中山大学Chen Hui共同通讯在Nature Metabolism 在线发表题为“Gastric mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 regulates ghrelin production and food intake”的研究论文，该研究发现胃机械敏感通道Piezo1可以调节胃饥饿素的产生和食物摄入。研究表明，与对照组相比，肥胖患者X/A样细胞中的PIEZO1表达降低，而袖胃切除术后则升高。在X/A样细胞中特异性丧失Piezo1的雄性和雌性小鼠表现出高胃饥饿素血症和贪食，并且更容易超重。这些表型与胃CaMKKII/ CaMKIV-mTOR信号通路的损伤有关。Yoda1或胃头植入激活PIEZO1可抑制胃饥饿素的产生，减少能量摄入并诱导小鼠体重减轻。Piezo1通过CaMKKII/ CaMKIV-mTOR途径抑制生长素的产生可以在生长素产生细胞系mHypoE-42中重现。该研究揭示了X/A样细胞的PIEZO1对胃饥饿素产生和食欲的机械调节，这为抗肥胖治疗提供了一个有希望的靶点。当能量摄入超过消耗时，就会产生正能量平衡，从而导致体重增加，最终导致肥胖。进食行为是由一组作用于下丘脑食欲中心的激素信号控制的。胃饥饿素(Ghrelin)是一种主要由胃X/A样细胞产生的肽激素，是胃进餐起始的关键调节因子。它在禁食时增加，在喂食后减少。在Prader-Willi综合征(一种以不控制饮食和严重肥胖为特征的遗传性疾病)患者中观察到胃饥饿素水平升高。输注胃饥饿素可刺激动物和人类的食欲，而靶向胃饥饿素的RNA spiegelmer和抗体可阻断其生物活性，并迅速减少食物摄入量和体重，这表明精确调节胃饥饿素的产生是维持能量平衡的关键。胃饥饿素基因编码一种由117个氨基酸组成的胃饥饿素前体蛋白，经过进一步加工和修饰，形成去酰化的胃饥饿素和酰化的胃饥饿素。营养物质和激素会影响胃饥饿素的合成和分泌。之前的研究表明，哺乳动物胃粘膜中的雷帕霉素(mTOR)信号通路靶点与胃肠道的能量感应密切相关，并通过产生胃饥饿素在营养可利用性和摄食行为的协调中起着至关重要的作用。这一发现解释了胃X/A样细胞在身体的内部环境中对变化做出反应时的“化学感应”；然而，食物在胃中的消化是一个多尺度的物理化学过程，不仅涉及化学信号，还涉及机械信号。与胃粘膜的内分泌细胞一样，胃X/A样细胞是否能感知胃膨胀从而调节胃饥饿素的合成和分泌尚不清楚。揭示胃X/A样细胞的机械传感可以为外周器官“食欲”和“饱腹感”的产生提供理论基础，这将为人类肥胖的治疗策略提供新的见解。Piezo1在人和小鼠胃黏膜中的表达（Credit: Nature Metabolism）Piezos是一种新的机械敏感离子通道，在机械刺激后通过介导Ca2+和Na+内流将机械信号转化为电信号。Piezos在许多生理过程中起着至关重要的作用，比如听觉、触觉、本体感觉与血流调节。Piezos介导的胃伸展和饱腹感在果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫中被观察到。在哺乳动物中，Piezo1被认为是胰岛素分泌和血清素合成的关键调节因子；然而，其在胃X/A样细胞中的作用尚不清楚。该研究揭示了胃X/A样细胞中Piezo1通道在感知机械拉伸中的作用，进而激活CaMKKII/ CaMKIV-mTOR信号通路，抑制胃饥饿素的合成和分泌，最终调节摄食行为。这些发现揭示了将Piezo1作为肥胖治疗方法的潜力，并为基于Piezo1调制的减肥干预措施的发展提供了理论基础。原文链接https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-024-00995-z责编|探索君排版|探索君文章来源|“iNature”End往期精选围观一文读透细胞死亡(Cell Death) | 24年Cell重磅综述（长文收藏版）热文Nature | 破除传统：为何我们需要重新思考肿瘤的命名方式热文Nature | 2024年值得关注的七项技术热文Nature | 自身免疫性疾病能被治愈吗？科学家们终于看到了希望热文CRISPR技术进化史 | 24年Cell综述

2024-02-06

·生物制药小编

震动药丸：另辟蹊径的创新减肥法

减肥药的热潮贯穿了整个2024年的医药领域，而且必将在相当长的一段时间内保持极高的热度。GLP-1药物的盛行为减肥药开发领域的me-too模式设定了参照物。尽管从目前来看，GLP-1受体激动剂已经成为开发减肥药的圭臬，但这个标准在风流总被雨打风吹去的制药领域终将被取代。除了它们产生的副作用、耐受性、停药后反弹以及降低瘦体重的多重负面因素之外，价格也是GLP-1多肽注射剂所无法回避的挑战。平均而言，被诊断患有肥胖症的人比没有肥胖症的人多支付 1861 美元的医疗费用（不包括GLP-1减肥药，这种药物每个月的费用就要超过1000美元）。而Wegovy和Zepbound是否应该被健康保险，尤其是Medicare和Medicaid所覆盖，也成为了各方争论的焦点。如何安全有效地降低减肥成本，是新一代减肥药开发过程中必须面对的一个课题，就此麻省理工学院研究人员正在另辟蹊径地研发患者能够负担得起的减肥产品，目前已经取得了阶段性的成功。MIT的研究内容实际上涉及的是医疗器械：一颗在胃肠道内震动的小药丸，“振动可摄入生物电子刺激器”（VIBES，Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，图1）。研究人员在实验猪的身上进行了测试，检测方法是在设备振动时监测激素水平。当药丸被激活并振动约20分钟后，再给猪喂食时，研究人员发现，与药丸未激活时相比，猪的食物消耗量减少了40%。在接受药丸治疗期间，猪的体重增长也更慢。图1. VIBES 位于猪胃的胃皱之间，在进行刺激时触动粘膜。（图片来源：Science Advances）震动丸的功效，显然不是我们以前熟知（甚至身体力行）的腹部震动减肥法。它的工作原理背后绝不是简单的物理作用，而是建立在胃与大脑的“交流”基础之上。当药丸振动时，它会刺激胃中的“拉伸受体（Stretch receptor）”，产生一种“百爪挠胃”的效应。Stretch receptor是指存在于胃壁的一类受体，其主要功能是感知胃的拉伸和膨胀。这些受体对胃内的食物和液体的容量进行监测，并将这些信息传递给中枢神经系统，以帮助调节食物的消化和胃的运动。当食物进入胃部时，胃壁会被拉伸，这会引起这些感受器的激活。激活后，它们会发送信号给大脑，指示胃的容量和状况。这些信号对于调节食物摄入、胃的蠕动运动和胃内压力等生理过程至关重要。感知到食物的存在和胃的充盈状态后，大脑可以调整食欲和消化过程，以保持身体内部的平衡。图2. 震动丸VIBES作用机理：VIBES与胃壁接触，并在接触胃液后激活。震动激活腹腔神经丛中的神经节内层状末梢（IGLE），向中枢神经系统中的孤束核（NTS）发出膨胀信号，NTS 与饥饿回路相互作用，发出虚幻的膨胀信号。（图片来源：Science Advances）Stretch受体与大脑之间的这个双向交流，是通过刺激胰岛素和 C 肽（由胰岛素的前体分子产生的一部分，C-肽在了解胰岛素分泌和糖尿病等疾病状态时具有诊断和评估的价值）、PYY（Peptide YY，是一种由肠道产生的肽类激素，主要由小肠和结肠分泌。PYY具有多种生理功能，其中最为重要的是它对食欲和能量平衡的调节）和 GLP-1 等激素的产生（图2）。这些激素会告诉人们何时停止进食，并且帮助他们产生饱腹感（即使是空腹时分泌这些激素也可能产生饱腹感）。这些受体还向身体发出信号，要求降低生长素释放肽（Ghrelin，亦称饥饿素）的水平。生长素释放肽是一种饥饿激素，可以增加人的进食欲望。研究人员表示，在进食前20分钟吞下震动丸就可以起效。当它接触胃里的胃液时，就会发生以上的变化。目前版本的震动丸会在胃中振动约 30 分钟，但考虑到肥胖症的异质性，它可能会被重新设计，以在胃中停留更长或更短的时间。这也意味着，这个震动丸不会永远保持在体内，会在大约30小时候通过消化道被排出体外。在猪的研究中，震动丸在猪体内保留了4到7天。在动物体内证明了一定的有效性之后，震动丸面临的最重要的挑战就是人体安全性。震动药丸仅在猪身上进行了测试，需要更多的研究来确定它是否安全并且对人体是否有效。动物研究确实表明，胶囊所用的材料具有生物相容性，这意味着该药丸不会伤害任何组织，并且会“像任何其他固体一样在体内传输”。受试动物似乎也没有因药丸通过胃肠道而出现任何严重的副作用或并发症。震动丸目前尚未进入临床研究，但其最终目的无疑是针对人类的减肥，这需要在人体中进行评估，帮助研究人员摸索出正常工作和安全所需的刺激参数。减肥设备现状震动丸提供了一种潜在减肥的有效手段，目前只有三种 FDA 监管的设备已被批准用于减肥：胃带（Gastric bands，图3）：放置在胃顶部的带子，为食物留出少量空间。图3. Gastric band示意图。（图片来源：Cleveland Clinic）胃气球系统（Gastric balloon systems，图4）：将充气气球放置在胃内以占据空间并延迟胃排空。图4. Gastric balloon示意图。（图片来源：Cleveland Clinic）内窥镜缝合装置（Endoscopic suturing devices，图5）：缝合胃肠道以减少胃容量图5. 内窥镜缝合装置示意图。（图片来源：HospiMedica）震动丸依赖于自然的身体信号传导，可以克服当前肥胖治疗的一些局限性。它提供了可扩展性和成本最小化，使全球人口都能使用它。目前的肥胖治疗设备和手术可能非常昂贵，使得大辟天下肥胖者的目标难以实现。与手术相比，震动丸可能更具成本效益，因为它不需要额外的资源、专门设施与设备。Ref.Trafton, A. Engineers develop a vibrating, ingestible capsule that might help treat obesity. MIT News. 22. 12. 2023.Srinivasan, S. S. et al. A vibrating ingestible bioelectronic stimulator modulates gastric stretch receptors for illusory satiety. Sci Adv. 2023;9(51):eadj3003. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj3003Hui, K. A Vibrating Pill Could Be the Next Big Thing for Obesity Treatment—Here's Why. Verywell Health. 12. 01. 2024.

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