更新于：2024-05-01

leptin

更新于：2024-05-01

基本信息

别名

LEP、leptin、OB

+ [3]

简介

Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways (PubMed:17344214, PubMed:15899045, PubMed:19688109). In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity (By similarity) (PubMed:8589726, PubMed:11460888, PubMed:19688109, PubMed:24340098, PubMed:25060689). In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides (By similarity). In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption (PubMed:24340098). Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways (By similarity) (PubMed:17344214). May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression (PubMed:18242580). Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (PubMed:11460888). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells (PubMed:12504075). Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38 (PubMed:15899045, PubMed:19688109). In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses (By similarity). Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation (PubMed:25060689).

关联

项与 leptin 相关的药物

VET2-L2

靶点

CCR2 x IL-2 x leptin

作用机制

CCR2 modulators [+2]

在研机构

Kalivir Immunotherapeutics, Inc.初创企业 [+2]

原研机构

Kalivir Immunotherapeutics, Inc.初创企业

在研适应症

实体瘤

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段临床1期

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

项与 leptin 相关的临床试验

NCT06171178 / Recruiting临床1期

A Phase 1, Open-Label, Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of ASP1012, an Oncolytic Virus, in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors

ASP1012 is a type of virus called an oncolytic virus which is used to treat some cancers.
ASP1012 was changed in a laboratory to infect and kill cancer cells, leaving healthy cells alone. It also makes the cancer cells visible to the immune system which will fight the cancer cells.
Before ASP1012 is available as a treatment, the researchers need to understand how it is processed by and acts upon the body. This will help find a suitable dose for future studies and check for potential medical problems from the treatment.
In this study, ASP1012 is being tested in humans for the first time. ASP1012 has already been tested in the laboratory and in animals. This is the standard way new potential treatments are developed.
People in this study will be adults whose tumor has either grown outside of the area where it started (locally advanced) or it has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). They will receive ASP1012. Also, some people will receive ASP1012 with pembrolizumab, an approved medicine.
There are 2 main aims of this study. The first is to learn if people with certain solid tumors can tolerate different doses of ASP1012. The second is to find a suitable dose of ASP1012.
This study will be in 3 parts.
Part 1 is called Dose Escalation. People with locally advanced or metastatic tumors can take part. They will have been previously treated with all available standard cancer therapies. Different small groups of people will receive lower to higher doses of ASP1012.
For each dose, any medical problems will be recorded. This will help to find suitable doses of ASP1012 to use in Parts 2 and 3 of the study. The first group will receive the lowest dose of ASP1012. A medical expert panel will check the results from this group and decide if the next group can receive a higher dose of ASP1012. The panel will do this for each group until all groups have taken ASP1012 or until suitable doses have been selected for Parts 2 and 3.
Part 2 is called Dose Expansion. 3 groups will take part: people with previously-treated melanoma (a type of skin cancer) that have not responded to their treatment (refractory) or their cancer has come back (relapsed), people with newly-diagnosed or untreated melanoma, and people with previously-treated solid tumors. People with previously-treated melanoma will receive ASP1012 at the dose worked out from Part 1. People with previously-treated solid tumors will receive ASP1012 with pembrolizumab. The first few people will receive ASP1012 at a lower dose than the dose worked out from Part 1, to check the safety of the treatments being given together. If there are no safety issues: the next people in the solid tumor group will receive ASP1012 at the dose worked out from Part 1, with pembrolizumab; also people with untreated melanoma will receive ASP1012 at the dose worked out from Part
1, with pembrolizumab.
Part 3 is also a Dose Expansion for people with other specific cancers. These are stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, or colorectal cancer. If people with certain tumors respond well in Parts 1 and 2 of the study, other people with this same type of tumor can also take part in Part 3.
For all parts of the study, ASP1012 will be given through a vein. This is called an infusion.
Each treatment cycle is 21 days long. People will start with 3 treatment cycles. People in the study may receive extra treatment cycles, if they respond well to treatment. People with melanoma who are receiving ASP1012 with pembrolizumab will not be offered the extra treatment cycles. People can stop leave the study early if: they have medical problems from the treatment; their cancer gets worse; they start other cancer treatment; they ask to stop treatment; or they do not come back for treatment.
People will visit the clinic on certain days during their treatment. Some visits will be virtual or by phone. During all clinic visits, the study doctors will check for any medical problems from ASP1012. They will also check vital signs. Vital signs include temperature, pulse, breathing rate, the amount of oxygen in the blood, and blood pressure. At some visits, other checks will also include a medical examination, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) to check the heart rhythm, blood draws and urine samples for testing. A tumor sample, if available, will be taken during the first treatment cycle. People will have imaging scans and have blood draws for testing every 6 weeks during and after treatment. This will stop if they leave the study early.
People will visit the clinic within 7 days and 30 days after stopping treatment. At both visits, the study doctors will check for any medical problems from ASP1012. Other checks will include a medical examination, blood draws and urine samples for testing and checking vital signs. An ECG will also be done at the 7-day visit. After the 30-day visit, clinic staff will phone people in the study every 12 weeks to check the condition of their cancer for up to 1 year.

开始日期2024-02-28

申办/合作机构

Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.

100 项与 leptin 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 leptin 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 leptin 相关的专利（医药）

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37,060

项与 leptin 相关的文献（医药）

2024-12-01·Adipocyte

Leptin secreted by adipocytes promotes EMT transition and endometrial cancer progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.

Article

作者: Lifan Shen ; Chen Zhang ; Kaiying Cui ; Xin Liang ; Genhai Zhu ; Lan Hong

BACKGROUND:

Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumour with a high incidence and mortality rate, and obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for the disease. However, it remains unclear whether leptin affects cell activity, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Samples of endometrial cancer tissue were obtained from clinical patients and nude mice Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to assess leptin levels. Western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were conducted to detect EMT, JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway proteins, and cell proliferation biomarkers. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell activity, proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively.

RESULTS:

ELISA, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses showed that leptin was highly expressed, and the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway was activated in endometrial cancer patients. Cell-based experiments showed that adipocytes secreted leptin, which increased the levels of leptin, and also promoted cell migration and invasion, EMT transition, and cell activity and proliferation. Leptin accelerated cell progression and promoted EMT via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. The tumour-promoting effect of leptin on endometrial cancer cells was further verified by in vivo experiments, in which leptin promoted tumour growth and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.

CONCLUSION:

Leptin secreted by adipocytes promotes EMT transition and endometrial cancer progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.Highlights Endometrial cancer patients have high levels of leptinLeptin promotes EMT transition via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathwayLeptin promotes endometrial cancer progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathwayLeptin promotes endometrial cancer in a dose-dependent manner.

2024-12-01·The Journal of dermatological treatment

Leptin induces altered differentiation of keratinocytes by inducing insulin resistance: implications for metabolic syndrome-induced resistance of psoriatic therapy.

Review

作者: Rui Wang ; Chongli Yu ; Zijie Tang ; Jie Sun ; Youlin Wang ; Zhenkai Zhao ; Biwen Lin ; Chengxin Li

Background: Psoriatic patients tend to develop metabolic syndrome (MS). MS accelerates psoriasis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.Objectives: We aim to investigate the impact of leptin on keratinocyte insulin sensitivity and explore its underlying molecular mechanism, which might play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.Methods: ELISA and immunohistochemistry were applied respectively to detect the level of leptin in serum and in lesion of psoriatic patients with and without MS. The HaCaT cell line was cultured and western-blot assay was performed to assess the change of insulin sensibility. q-PCR and western-blot assay were applied to detect the SOCS3 expressions. Knockdown of SOCS3 were generated in HaCaT cell line by siRNA. Leptin and insulin were treated for 6 days and K10 expression was evaluated by western-blot assay.Results: Patients with MS had higher level of leptin in serum and lesions than their counterparts without MS. Serum levels of leptin was negatively correlated to PASI decline index in psoriatic patients. Long-term treatment of leptin induced insulin resistance in HaCaT cell line, as indicated by elevated expression of p-IRS-1 (ser636) and lower p-PKB (ser473). Leptin treatment up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of SOCS3. Knockdown of SOCS3 blocked the effect of leptin-induced insulin resistance. Leptin treatment attenuated insulin-elicited K10 expression.Conclusions: Leptin induces insulin resistance by upregulating SOCS3 and give rise to differentiation disorder of keratinocyte. Insulin resistance may serve as a target for anti-psoriatic therapies.

2024-03-01·Bioactive materials

Zn-Fe primary battery-enabled controlled hydrogen release in stomach for improving insulin resistance in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes.

Article

作者: Boyan Liu ; Peixun Lv ; Xiaoyi Zhang ; Chao Xia ; Xinru Liu ; Jingyu Liu ; Junli Xue ; Qianjun He ; Shucun Qin

Chronic systemic inflammation in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a key inducing factor of insulin resistance (IR). Hydrogen molecule (H₂) has been proved to be a safe and effective anti-inflammatory agent, but conventional H₂ administration methods cannot provide a high dosage and a long duration of H₂ treatment in IR-related tissues and thus lead to limited therapeutic efficacies. We here propose a new strategy of controlled H₂ release to match the time window of gastric emptying for maximizing the bioavailability and therapeutic outcome of H₂. This work enhances the hydrolysis rate of Zn by constructing a Zn-Fe primary-battery micro-/nano-structure, and the H₂-releasing rate is adjusted by tuning the ratio of Zn to Fe. The Zn-Fe micro-/nano-structure is orally administrated once daily to alleviate obesity-associated T2D in a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse model. The H₂ generation time of the Zn-Fe primary-battery micro-/nano-structure with the Fe/Zn ratio of 1:100 in gastric acid is about 3 h, just matching with the time window of gastric emptying in mice. In vivo monitoring results show that H₂ generated by Zn-Fe micro-/nano-structure in stomach can effectively accumulate in major IR-sited tissues including liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle at a high dose for a relatively long time compared to H₂-rich water drinking. Oral administration of Zn-Fe micro-/nano-structure at 200 mg/kg body weight has realized an efficient IR improvement and remarkably ameliorated systemic inflammation in ob/ob mice. In addition, a high-dose administration of Zn-Fe shows no visible toxicity in mice. This work provides a new strategy to maximize the outcome of hydrogen therapy.

项与 leptin 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-04-05

·生物探索

Cell Metab | 南方医科大学白晓春/邹志鹏等合作通过综合多组学分析揭示骨因子参与全局动态调控网络

引言骨分泌蛋白，称为骨因子，调节骨代谢和全身稳态。然而，关于真正的骨因子和它们的细胞来源是什么以及它们是如何被调节的基本问题仍然不清楚。2024年4月3日，南方医科大学白晓春、邹志鹏及中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院陈棣共同通讯在Cell Metabolism在线发表题为“An integrated multi-omics analysis reveals osteokines involved in global regulation”的研究论文，该研究分析了骨骼和骨骼外组织、成骨细胞(OB)条件培养基、骨髓上清(BMS)和血清，以寻找基础骨因子和那些对衰老和机械加载/卸载有反应的骨因子。通过整合RNA-seq、scRNA-seq和蛋白质组学方法的数据，该研究确定了375个候选骨因子及其对衰老和机械动力学的响应变化。此外，分析了它们在骨中的细胞来源和它们促进的器官间通讯(骨-脑、肝和主动脉)。值得注意的是，衰老的OBs分泌脂肪酸结合蛋白，使衰老向血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)传播。综上所述，该研究确定了以前未知的候选骨因子，并在它们之间建立了一个动态的调控网络，从而为进一步研究它们的系统作用提供了宝贵的资源。骨因子是指由骨产生和释放的一组细胞因子或肽，它们随后发挥自分泌、旁分泌和/或内分泌作用。骨是一种高度动态和代谢活跃的组织，在整个生命过程中经历不断的重塑以保持其强健的结构和功能，这一重塑过程涉及破骨细胞骨吸收和成骨细胞骨形成的协调作用。骨细胞(包括OBs细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞、软骨细胞和骨髓基质细胞[BMSCs])之间广泛的分子通讯是精确调节骨形成和吸收的基本机制。OBs分泌多种骨因子，包括巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)，RANKL/OPG、SEMA3A和WNT5a调节破骨细胞的发生。此外，OBs分泌WNT4以自分泌方式促进骨形成，并以旁分泌方式抑制破骨细胞形成和吸收。骨细胞产生SOST抑制OB分化并促进破骨细胞分化。另一方面，破骨细胞分泌诸如CT-1、S1P、EphrinB2和SEMA4D等骨因子这些骨因子作用于OBs和骨细胞，影响成骨。此外，转化生长因子-β (TGF-β)调节破骨细胞OB串扰，将OB祖细胞募集到骨吸收部位，并促进骨形成。模式图（Credit: Cell Metabolism）近几十年来，骨生物学的重大进展揭示了骨的内分泌功能。骨源性FGF23调节肾脏中磷酸盐稳态的发现首次确立了骨作为内分泌器官的地位骨钙素促进胰岛素分泌和胰腺β细胞增殖，增加男性生育所需的睾酮生物合成，并修复神经变性导致的认知缺陷。另一个有趣的发现是OBs衍生的脂钙素-2 (LCN2)通过下丘脑的黑素皮质素4受体抑制食物摄入并调节葡萄糖水平。还报道了一系列调节骨髓微环境和造血的骨因子，如OBs衍生的CXCL9和骨细胞衍生的白细胞介素(IL)-34。这些发现表明骨因子在骨代谢和全身稳态中起重要作用。然而，现有的研究是有限的，缺乏整合。目前，对于骨因子的基本特征，如存在什么骨因子，从哪类骨细胞分泌骨因子，以及它们如何受环境因素的调节等，还缺乏全面的认识。此外，多组学方法提供了对生物学和疾病更全面的理解，使新的诊断和治疗靶点得以确定。该研究使用大量和单细胞转录组学和蛋白质组学进行了综合分析，以确定可能有助于骨代谢和全身稳态的骨因子。还鉴定了基础骨因子、衰老相关骨因子、机械反应性骨因子和OBs分泌骨因子(OBKs)，定位了它们在骨中的细胞来源，并分析了这些骨因子在器官间的通讯。孟德尔随机化(MR)分析显示，低骨密度(BMD)可能是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的潜在因果危险因素。衰老OBs分泌脂肪酸结合蛋白3 (FABP3)，使衰老向血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)扩散。总的来说，该研究建立了一个影响骨重塑和全局稳态的骨因子动态网络，为深入研究提供了宝贵的资源。原文链接https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.006责编|探索君排版|探索君文章来源|“iNature”End往期精选围观一文读透细胞死亡(Cell Death) | 24年Cell重磅综述（长文收藏版）热文Nature | 破除传统：为何我们需要重新思考肿瘤的命名方式热文Nature | 2024年值得关注的七项技术热文Nature | 自身免疫性疾病能被治愈吗？科学家们终于看到了希望热文CRISPR技术进化史 | 24年Cell综述

细胞疗法

2024-04-02

·GlobeNewswire-Health Care

Bio-Path Holdings Provides 2024 Clinical and Operational Update

Clinical Advances Across Multiple Programs with Several MilestonesHOUSTON, April 02, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bio-Path Holdings, Inc., (NASDAQ:BPTH), a biotechnology company leveraging its proprietary DNAbilize® liposomal delivery and antisense technology to develop a portfolio of targeted nucleic acid cancer drugs, today provides a clinical development and operational update for 2024. “The new year is off to a strong start as we build off positive data generated in 2023 that compel us to advance these studies as quickly as possible and to file for regulatory designations that could accelerate our path to approval,” said Peter H. Nielsen, President and Chief Executive Officer of Bio-Path. “There is no greater challenge than the battle against cancer, and developing effective new medicines for patients suffering with few treatment options is what drives us every day. The substantial progress we have made gives us further confidence that our DNAbilize® platform is ushering in a new path of DNA-powered medicines that can make a difference in the lives of these patients.” Clinical Program Overview Bio-Path’s clinical development program consists of one Phase 2 clinical trial and three Phase 1 or 1/1b clinical trials. Bio-Path is developing a molecular biomarker package to accompany prexigebersen treatment and expects to evaluate prexigebersen for the treatment of obesity. In addition, one further drug candidate is in the final stages of preclinical development, which may be submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later in the year in an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. Development of Molecular Biomarkers – Bio-Path is developing a molecular biomarker package to accompany prexigebersen treatment, the goal of which is to identify patients with a genetic profile more likely to respond to treatment thereby improving probability of success for this program. The emerging role of biomarkers has been enhancing cancer development over the past decade and has become a more common companion to many cancer development programs. Bio-Path expects to develop molecular biomarker packages to accompany its new programs. Prexigebersen Phase 2 Clinical Trial – Bio-Path’s Phase 2 clinical trial is treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. This trial is comprised of three separate cohorts of patients and treatments, each separately approvable by the FDA as a new drug indication. The first two cohorts are treating patients with the triple combination of prexigebersen, decitabine and venetoclax. The first cohort includes untreated AML patients, and the second cohort includes relapsed/refractory AML patients. Finally, the third cohort is treating relapsed/refractory AML patients, who are venetoclax-resistant or intolerant, with the two-drug combination of prexigebersen and decitabine. Based on positive interim data for safety and efficacy, the Company plans to pursue FDA Fast Track designation for the accelerated approval of prexigebersen for the treatment of fragile AML patients who are unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy and thus experience very poor clinical outcomes. Outcomes for these older patients, who are unable to receive intensive chemotherapy due to the challenging side effect profile, remain suboptimal with a median survival of only 5 to 10 months. Phase 1/1b Clinical Trial in BP1001-A in Advanced Solid Tumors – A Phase 1/1b clinical trial of BP1001-A in patients with advanced or recurrent solid tumors, including ovarian and uterine, pancreatic and breast cancer, is ongoing. BP1001-A is a modified product candidate that incorporates the same drug substance as prexigebersen but has a slightly modified formulation designed to enhance nanoparticle properties. The Phase 1 study has advanced to the second, higher dose level. The Phase 1b portion of the study is expected to commence after successful completion of the three BP1001-A monotherapy dose level cohorts and is intended to assess the safety and efficacy of BP1001-A in combination with paclitaxel in patients with recurrent ovarian or endometrial tumors. Phase 1b studies are also expected to be opened in combination with gemcitabine in Stage 4 pancreatic cancer and combination therapy in breast cancer. Phase 1/1b Clinical Trial in BP1002 in Relapsed/Refractory AML – A Phase 1/1b clinical trial for BP1002 to treat relapsed/refractory AML patients, including venetoclax-resistant patients, is ongoing. BP1002 targets the protein Bcl-2, which is responsible for driving cell survival in up to 60% of all cancers. The drug venetoclax treats AML patients by blocking the activity of the Bcl-2 protein in AML patients. However, patients become resistant to venetoclax. BP1002 treats the Bcl-2 target by blocking the cell’s ability to produce Bcl-2, and could have the potential to eliminate the need for venetoclax. AML patients that fail frontline venetoclax-based therapy have very poor prognosis with median overall survival of less than three months. The first dose cohort consisted of a starting dose of 20 mg/m2, and there were no dose limiting toxicities. Enrollment is now open for patients for the second dose cohort of 40 mg/m2. Phase 1 Clinical Trial in BP1002 in Refractory/Relapsed Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) – A Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the ability of BP1002 to treat refractory/relapsed lymphoma and refractory/relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients is currently ongoing. The Phase 1 clinical trial is being conducted at the Georgia Cancer Center while two additional clinical trial sites are currently being activated for inclusion in the study, The University of Texas Southwestern and New York Medical College. In January 2024, Bio-Path announced successful completion of the first dose cohort in the Phase 1 clinical trial. A total of six evaluable patients are scheduled to be treated over two dose levels with BP1002 monotherapy in a standard 3+3 design, unless there is a dose limiting toxicity which would require an additional three patients to be tested. There were no dose limiting toxicities in the first dose cohort (20 mg/m2). Enrollment is now open for patients for the second BP1002 dose cohort of 40 mg/m2. Preclinical Work for BP1003 – The Company continues to advance its drug candidate, BP1003, for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer. BP1003 is an antisense RNAi nanoparticle targeting the STAT3 protein. Plans are to conduct a Phase 1 study of BP1003 in patients with refractory, metastatic solid tumors (pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer). Prexigebersen as Potential Treatment for Obesity and Obesity-related Cancers – The RNAi target of prexigebersen is the Grb2 protein, which is involved in activating the RAS/ERK pathway for cell growth. By blocking the cell’s ability to produce Grb2, prexigebersen treatment may limit cell growth. In obesity, two such pathways are related to leptin and insulin. Activation of leptin or insulin receptors can stimulate the RAS/ERK pathway via Grb2i. Bio-Path believes development of prexigebersen for the treatment for obesity and obesity-related cancers could be accelerated given the large amount of safety data from prexigebersen treatment of leukemia patients and the continued unmet medical need. The Company expects to evaluate prexigebersen for the treatment of obesity as soon as corporate resources are sufficient. Intellectual Property Protection Bio-Path’s composition of matter patents protect encroachment from third parties on its proprietary products. This technology is solely owned by Bio-Path. These composition patents allow the Company to apply its core technology to new protein targets and receive new 20-year patents. Bio-Path’s patent portfolio is as follows: Composition and methods of use patents issued cover DNAbilize technology, solely owned by Bio-Path.Five issued patents in the U.S. and 53 issued patents in foreign jurisdictions, providing protection in 21 countries. About Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. Bio-Path is a biotechnology company developing DNAbilize®, a novel technology that has yielded a pipeline of RNAi nanoparticle drugs that can be administered with a simple intravenous transfusion. Bio-Path’s lead product candidate, prexigebersen (BP1001, targeting the Grb2 protein), is in a Phase 2 study for blood cancers, and BP1001-A, a drug product modification of prexigebersen, is in a Phase 1/1b study for solid tumors. The Company’s second product, BP1002, which targets the Bcl-2 protein, is being evaluated for the treatment of blood cancers and solid tumors, including lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, an IND application is expected to be filed for BP1003, a novel liposome-incorporated STAT3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide developed by Bio-Path as a specific inhibitor of STAT3. For more information, please visit the Company's website at http://www.biopathholdings.com. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws. These statements are based on management's current expectations and accordingly are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Any express or implied statements contained in this press release that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical facts contained in this release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including Bio-Path’s ability to raise needed additional capital on a timely basis in order for it to continue its operations, have success in the clinical development of its technologies, the timing of enrollment and release of data in such clinical studies, the accuracy of such data, limited patient populations of early stage clinical studies and the possibility that results from later stage clinical trials with much larger patient populations may not be consistent with earlier stage clinical trials, the maintenance of intellectual property rights, that patents relating to existing or future patent applications will be issued or that any issued patents will provide meaningful protection of our drug candidates, the impact, risks and uncertainties related to global pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and actions taken by governmental authorities or others in connection therewith, and such other risks which are identified in BioPath's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, in any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in other reports that Bio-Path files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. These documents are available on request from Bio-Path Holdings or at www.sec.gov. Bio-Path disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Contact Information: Investors Will O’Connor Stern Investor Relations, Inc.212-362-1200will@sternir.com Doug Morris Investor Relations Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. 832-742-1369 i Casado ME et al. (2023) Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Leptin Physiology and Actions in Neurological and Metabolic Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 24(2): 1422. Published online 2023 Jan 11. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021422)

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2024-04-02

·BioSpace

Bio-Path Holdings Provides 2024 Clinical and Operational UpdateClinical Advances Across Multiple Programs with Several Milestones

HOUSTON, April 02, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bio-Path Holdings, Inc., (NASDAQ:BPTH), a biotechnology company leveraging its proprietary DNAbilize® liposomal delivery and antisense technology to develop a portfolio of targeted nucleic acid cancer drugs, today provides a clinical development and operational update for 2024. “The new year is off to a strong start as we build off positive data generated in 2023 that compel us to advance these studies as quickly as possible and to regulatory designations that could accelerate our path to approval,” said Peter H. Nielsen, President and Chief Executive Officer of Bio-Path. “There is no greater challenge than the battle against cancer, and developing effective new medicines for patients suffering with few treatment options is what drives us every day. The substantial progress we have made gives us further confidence that our DNAbilize® platform is ushering in a new path of DNA-powered medicines that can make a difference in the lives of these patients.” Clinical Program Overview Bio-Path’s clinical development program consists of one Phase 2 clinical trial and three Phase 1 or 1/1b clinical trials. Bio-Path is developing a molecular biomarker package to accompany prexigebersen treatment and expects to evaluate prexigebersen for the treatment of obesity. In addition, one further drug candidate is in the final stages of preclinical development, which may be submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later in the year in an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. Development of Molecular Biomarkers – Bio-Path is developing a molecular biomarker package to accompany prexigebersen treatment, the goal of which is to identify patients with a genetic pro likely to respond to treatment thereby improving probability of success for this program. The emerging role of biomarkers has been enhancing cancer development over the past decade and has become a more common companion to many cancer development programs. Bio-Path expects to develop molecular biomarker packages to accompany its new programs. Prexigebersen Phase 2 Clinical Trial – Bio-Path’s Phase 2 clinical trial is treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. This trial is comprised of three separate cohorts of patients and treatments, each separately approvable by the FDA as a new drug indication. The first two cohorts are treating patients with the triple combination of prexigebersen, decitabine and venetoclax. The first cohort includes untreated AML patients, and the second cohort includes relapsed/refractory AML patients. Finally, the third cohort is treating relapsed/refractory AML patients, who are venetoclax-resistant or intolerant, with the two-drug combination of prexigebersen and decitabine. Based on positive interim data for safety and efficacy, the Company plans to pursue FDA Fast Track designation for the accelerated approval of prexigebersen for the treatment of fragile AML patients who are unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy and thus experience very poor clinical outcomes. Outcomes for these older patients, who are unable to receive intensive chemotherapy due to the challenging side effect profile, remain suboptimal with a median survival of only 5 to 10 months. Phase 1/1b Clinical Trial in BP1001-A in Advanced Solid Tumors – A Phase 1/1b clinical trial of BP1001-A in patients with advanced or recurrent solid tumors, including ovarian and uterine, pancreatic and breast cancer, is ongoing. BP1001-A is a modified product candidate that incorporates the same drug substance as prexigebersen but has a slightly modified formulation designed to enhance nanoparticle properties. The Phase 1 study has advanced to the second, higher dose level. The Phase 1b portion of the study is expected to commence after successful completion of the three BP1001-A monotherapy dose level cohorts and is intended to assess the safety and efficacy of BP1001-A in combination with paclitaxel in patients with recurrent ovarian or endometrial tumors. Phase 1b studies are also expected to be opened in combination with gemcitabine in Stage 4 pancreatic cancer and combination therapy in breast cancer. Phase 1/1b Clinical Trial in BP1002 in Relapsed/Refractory AML – A Phase 1/1b clinical trial for BP1002 to treat relapsed/refractory AML patients, including venetoclax-resistant patients, is ongoing. BP1002 targets the protein Bcl-2, which is responsible for driving cell survival in up to 60% of all cancers. The drug venetoclax treats AML patients by blocking the activity of the Bcl-2 protein in AML patients. However, patients become resistant to venetoclax. BP1002 treats the Bcl-2 target by blocking the cell’s ability to produce Bcl-2, and could have the potential to eliminate the need for venetoclax. AML patients that fail frontline venetoclax-based therapy have very poor prognosis with median overall survival of less than three months. The first dose cohort consisted of a starting dose of 20 mg/m2, and there were no dose limiting toxicities. Enrollment is now open for patients for the second dose cohort of 40 mg/m2. Phase 1 Clinical Trial in BP1002 in Refractory/Relapsed Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) – A Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the ability of BP1002 to treat refractory/relapsed lymphoma and refractory/relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients is currently ongoing. The Phase 1 clinical trial is being conducted at the Georgia Cancer Center while two additional clinical trial sites are currently being activated for inclusion in the study, The University of Texas Southwestern and New York Medical College. In January 2024, Bio-Path announced successful completion of the first dose cohort in the Phase 1 clinical trial. A total of six evaluable patients are scheduled to be treated over two dose levels with BP1002 monotherapy in a standard 3+3 design, unless there is a dose limiting toxicity which would require an additional three patients to be tested. There were no dose limiting toxicities in the first dose cohort (20 mg/m2). Enrollment is now open for patients for the second BP1002 dose cohort of 40 mg/m2. Preclinical Work for BP1003 – The Company continues to advance its drug candidate, BP1003, for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer. BP1003 is an antisense RNAi nanoparticle targeting the STAT3 protein. Plans are to conduct a Phase 1 study of BP1003 in patients with refractory, metastatic solid tumors (pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer). Prexigebersen as Potential Treatment for Obesity and Obesity-related Cancers – The RNAi target of prexigebersen is the Grb2 protein, which is involved in activating the RAS/ERK pathway for cell growth. By blocking the cell’s ability to produce Grb2, prexigebersen treatment may limit cell growth. In obesity, two such pathways are related to leptin and insulin. Activation of leptin or insulin receptors can stimulate the RAS/ERK pathway via Grb2i. Bio-Path believes development of prexigebersen for the treatment for obesity and obesity-related cancers could be accelerated given the large amount of safety data from prexigebersen treatment of leukemia patients and the continued unmet medical need. The Company expects to evaluate prexigebersen for the treatment of obesity as soon as corporate resources are sufficient. Intellectual Property Protection Bio-Path’s composition of matter patents protect encroachment from third parties on its proprietary products. This technology is solely owned by Bio-Path. These composition patents allow the Company to apply its core technology to new protein targets and receive new 20-year patents. Bio-Path’s patent portfolio is as follows: Composition and methods of use patents issued cover DNAbilize technology, solely owned by Bio-Path. Five issued patents in the U.S. and 53 issued patents in foreign jurisdictions, providing protection in 21 countries. About Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. Bio-Path is a biotechnology company developing DNAbilize®, a novel technology that has yielded a pipeline of RNAi nanoparticle drugs that can be administered with a simple intravenous transfusion. Bio-Path’s lead product candidate, prexigebersen (BP1001, targeting the Grb2 protein), is in a Phase 2 study for blood cancers, and BP1001-A, a drug product modification of prexigebersen, is in a Phase 1/1b study for solid tumors. The Company’s second product, BP1002, which targets the Bcl-2 protein, is being evaluated for the treatment of blood cancers and solid tumors, including lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, an IND application is expected to be filed for BP1003, a novel liposome-incorporated STAT3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide developed by Bio-Path as a specific inhibitor of STAT3. For more information, please visit the Company's website at . Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws. These statements are based on management's current expectations and accordingly are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Any express or implied statements contained in this press release that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical facts contained in this release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including Bio-Path’s ability to raise needed additional capital on a timely basis in order for it to continue its operations, have success in the clinical development of its technologies, the timing of enrollment and release of data in such clinical studies, the accuracy of such data, limited patient populations of early stage clinical studies and the possibility that results from later stage clinical trials with much larger patient populations may not be consistent with earlier stage clinical trials, the maintenance of intellectual property rights, that patents relating to existing or future patent applications will be issued or that any issued patents will provide meaningful protection of our drug candidates, the impact, risks and uncertainties related to global pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and actions taken by governmental authorities or others in connection therewith, and such other risks which are identified in BioPath's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, in any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in other reports that Bio-Path files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. These documents are available on request from Bio-Path Holdings or at Bio-Path disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Contact Information: Investors Will O’Connor Stern Investor Relations, Inc. 212-362-1200 will@sternir.com Doug Morris Investor Relations Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. 832-742-1369 i Casado ME et al. (2023) Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Leptin Physiology and Actions in Neurological and Metabolic Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 24(2): 1422. Published online 2023 Jan 11. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021422)

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