编者按
KRAS突变曾因“无药可靶”被称为实体瘤治疗的“不可逾越之墙”,其中G12D/V亚型占比超50%,在胰腺癌、肺癌等恶性肿瘤中预后极差。2025 ESMO大会官网,中国专家团队(3项)与澳大利亚团队(1项)公布的四项关键研究,涵盖两款KRAS G12D抑制剂单药/联合疗法及全球首个KRAS G12V TCR-T疗法,从药物设计到临床疗效实现多重突破,为晚期患者带来全新希望。
一、KRAS G12D抑制剂:静脉与口服双线开花
1
国产原研HRS-4642:长效抑制显威力
由中国上海同济大学附属东方医院熊安稳教授团队开展、摘要号为915O的研究评估了高选择性长效非共价抑制剂HRS-4642在标准治疗失败的KRAS G12D突变晚期实体瘤患者中的安全性和疗效。
研究采用贝叶斯最优区间设计进行剂量递增(200~500 mg每周一次静脉注射,或800/1200 mg每两周一次,或1200 mg每三周一次),随后进行剂量扩展和适应症扩展。主要终点为安全性、最大耐受剂量(MTD)和推荐Ⅱ期剂量。
截至2025年3月14日,研究共纳入84例患者接受治疗,包括38例非小细胞肺癌患者和24例胰腺导管腺癌患者,中位既往治疗线数为2线。
结果显示,剂量递增阶段18例患者无DLT,MTD未达到。
安全性方面,23.8%的患者出现≥3级治疗相关不良事件(TRAEs),最常见的≥3级TRAEs为高甘油三酯血症、中性粒细胞减少和高胆固醇血症,各占3.6%,且仅1例(1.2%)患者因TRAEs停药,1例(1.2%)发生治疗相关死亡。非小细胞肺癌和胰腺导管腺癌在剂量扩展队列的疗效数据见表1。
表1. NSCLC 和PDAC疗效
药代动力学方面,HRS-4642的总药物及包封型药物终末半衰期均约为3天,循环游离KRAS G12D的早期变化支持每两周给药方案。
总之,HRS-4642在KRAS G12D突变晚期实体瘤(尤其是非小细胞肺癌和胰腺导管腺癌)中耐受性良好,展现出有前景的活性,为后续联合治疗奠定了重要基础。
2
口服抑制剂INCB161734:便捷性与疗效兼具
澳大利亚Jayesh Desai教授团队开展的摘要号为916O的研究则聚焦新型口服非共价高选择性KRAS G12D开关抑制剂INCB161734。
该研究为Ⅰ期开放标签剂量递增/扩展研究(NCT06179160),纳入KRAS G12D突变晚期实体瘤成人患者,包括单药治疗(1a/1b剂量递增/扩展,1c药效学队列)和联合治疗部分。1a和1c阶段剂量范围为200~1600 mg每日一次,评估安全性、疗效、药代动力学和药效学,并确定扩展剂量。早期ctDNA监测指导剂量递增。
截至2025年3月10日,1a和1c阶段共36例患者接受治疗,包括20例胰腺导管腺癌患者、12例结直肠癌患者、2例卵巢癌患者及2例其他类型实体瘤患者。
安全性方面,所有患者均出现TRAEs,但多为1~2级,其中≥15%患者出现的TRAEs包括恶心(67%)、腹泻(58%)、呕吐(50%)、疲劳(22%)和脂肪酶升高(17%),无严重或致命TRAEs,也无患者因TRAEs停药,仅在1600 mg每日一次剂量组中,2/3例患者需减量,故该剂量未进一步扩展.
疗效方面,治疗剂量下药物稳态几何平均暴露量超过临床前IC95阈值,在≥600 mg每日一次剂量组(共27例患者)中,8例(30%)患者达到部分缓解(PR),23例(85%)患者达到疾病控制(PR+稳定疾病),涵盖4例胰腺导管腺癌、2例结直肠癌、1例卵巢癌和1例原发灶不明癌患者,且在血浆ctDNA可检测到G12D突变的患者中,65%出现早期分子应答(>90%降低),包括应答患者,目前600 mg和1200 mg每日一次的单药扩展及结直肠癌/胰腺导管腺癌的联合治疗正在进行中,后续将更新数据。
二、联合治疗升级:HRS-4642联手化疗攻克胰腺癌
在联合治疗领域,中国上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院王理伟教授团队开展的摘要号为2215O的研究(NCT06520488)探索了HRS-4642联合吉西他滨和白蛋白紫杉醇(GA方案)在KRAS G12D突变晚期胰腺导管腺癌中的疗效与安全性。当前,GA方案仍是胰腺导管腺癌的一线治疗方案,而KRAS G12D抑制剂可通过阻断MEK/ERK磷酸化进一步增强GA方案的疗效。
研究纳入KRAS G12D突变晚期胰腺导管腺癌患者,接受HRS-4642(第1天500 mg,第8天1200 mg,静脉注射每三周一次)联合GA(吉西他滨1000 mg/m2第1、8天,白蛋白紫杉醇125 mg/m2第1、8天,静脉注射每三周一次)。
截至2025年4月10日,研究共入组31例患者,其中1例为既往接受过治疗的患者,30例为初治患者。中位随访4.4个月,83.9%的患者仍在治疗中,其中既往治疗患者经研究治疗后稳定疾病超过7个月且持续治疗,初治患者确认的客观缓解率(ORR)达到60.0%(95%CI:40.6%~77.3%),18例应答者中有17例持续应答,中位缓解持续时间尚未成熟,30例初治患者中仅3例(10.0%)出现疾病进展,无进展生存期数据也尚未成熟(表2)。
表2.疗效结果
安全性方面,24/31例(77.4%)患者出现≥3级TRAEs,最常见的为中性粒细胞减少(61.3%)、白细胞减少(45.2%)和贫血(12.9%),无患者因TRAEs停药或死亡。
综上,HRS-4642联合GA在KRAS G12D突变晚期胰腺导管腺癌中展现出有前景的抗肿瘤活性和可管理的安全性,长期疗效和安全性数据持续随访中。
三、TCR-T疗法登场:精准打击KRAS G12V突变
除小分子抑制剂外,TCR-T疗法也在KRAS突变领域取得突破,中国浙江大学医学院附属第一医院白雪莉教授团队开展的摘要号为1514O的研究公布了全球首个靶向KRAS G12V的TCR-T疗法NW-301V在转移性实体瘤中的首次人体Ⅰ期研究初步结果。
KRASp.G12V突变见于约10%的结直肠癌和30%的胰腺癌,是关键致癌驱动因素,此前尚无针对该突变的TCR-T细胞疗法临床数据,而NW-301V是一种新型TCR-T疗法,由自体T细胞转导HLA-A*11:01限制性KRASp.G12V新抗原特异性TCR,并共表达CD8αβ共受体以增强功能。
研究采用改良3+3设计,设置3个剂量水平(DL):3×108(2-5×108)、1.5×109(1-4×109)和7.5×109(5-12×109)转导CD8T细胞,患者需接受白细胞分离术制备NW-301V,随后进行淋巴清除(LD)治疗(氟达拉滨30 mg/m2/天+环磷酰胺500 mg/m2/天,共3天),再输注NW-301V,输注后皮下注射低剂量IL-2(500 000 IU,每日两次,共10天),研究主要终点为评估安全性、耐受性并确定MTD和推荐Ⅱ期剂量(RP2D),次要终点包括药代动力学和初步疗效评估。
截至2025年2月28日,DL1和DL2组已完成入组,共8例患者接受治疗(中位年龄57岁),其中DL1组4例均为胰腺癌患者,DL2组4例均为结直肠癌患者,患者中位既往系统治疗线数为3线。
安全性方面,NW-301V耐受性良好,主要不良事件为淋巴清除相关的血液学毒性,仅2例患者发生1-2级细胞因子释放综合征(CRS),无免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征(ICANS)、剂量限制性毒性(DLT)或死亡。
疗效方面,根据RECIST1.1标准,最佳总体应答为3例部分缓解(PR,DL1组1例胰腺癌,DL2组2例结直肠癌)、2例疾病稳定(SD,DL2组2例结直肠癌)、3例疾病进展(PD,DL1组3例胰腺癌),ORR为37.5%(3/8),其中DL2组ORR为50%(2/4),疾病控制率(DCR)为62.5%(5/8),DL2组DCR为100%(4/4),且2例患者应答从第4周SD深化至第8周PR,所有PR和SD均持续超过3个月。
总之,NW-301V在KRAS G12V突变胰腺癌和结直肠癌中展现出良好的安全性和有前景的抗肿瘤活性。目前研究仍在持续剂量递增,旨在进一步评估高剂量下的抗肿瘤疗效并确定RP2D。
四、结语:从单靶到多维度干预的跨越
本次ESMO大会公布的四项研究共同证实,KRAS G12D/V靶向治疗已从“理论可能”稳步迈向“临床可行”:HRS-4642与INCB161734两款抑制剂分别以静脉和口服剂型破解了KRAS G12D突变的成药难题,HRS-4642联合GA方案进一步突破了胰腺癌一线治疗的疗效瓶颈,而NW-301VTCR-T疗法则为KRASG12V突变实体瘤开辟了免疫治疗新赛道。随着联合方案的持续优化与剂量探索的不断深入,曾经的“不可成药”靶点终将成为实体瘤治疗领域的新突破口,为更多晚期患者带来长期生存的希望。
摘要原文
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915O - KRAS G12D inhibitor HRS-4642 in patients with KRAS G12D-mutant advanced solid tumors: A phase I trial
Speakers:Anwen Xiong (Shanghai, China)
Background
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in solid cancers, with KRAS G12D as the predominant mutation subtype. HRS-4642 is a highly selective, long-acting, non-covalent KRAS G12D inhibitor (Cancer Cell, 2024). We conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 study of HRS-4642 in patients (pts) with KRAS G12D-mutant advanced solid tumors who failed standard therapy and report findings with a new formulation of HRS-4642.
Methods
The study included dose-escalation (D-ESC; Bayesian optimal interval design), dose-expansion and indication-expansion parts. HRS-4642 was adminstered IV QW (200, 300, 400, or 500 mg), Q2W (800 or 1200 mg) or Q3W (1200 mg). The primary endpoints were safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended phase 2 dose.
ResultsAs of data cutoff (Mar. 14, 2025), 84 pts were treated, including 38 with NSCLC and 24 with PDAC (median [range] prior lines therapy, 2 [1–7]/2 [1–5]; chemotherapy, 100%/100%; immunotherapy, 94.7%/45.8%; targeted therapy, 42.1%/12.5%). During D-ESC, no dose-limiting toxiticies were reported in 18 pts enrolled; MTD was not reached. In all 84 pts, grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 20 (23.8%) pts, with the most common being hypertriglyceridaemia, decreased neutrophil count and hypercholesterolaemia (grouped term; 3 [3.6%] pts each). 1 (1.2%) pt discontinued treatment due to TRAE. There was 1 (1.2%) treatment-related death. Efficacy in NSCLC and PDAC pts at Q2W expansion doses and across all doses are shown in the table. The terminal elimination half-life of the total and encapsulated HRS-4642 is approximately 3 days and early change in circulating cell-free KRAS G12D supports the dosing regimen of Q2W. Table: 915O Efficacy in NSCLC and PDACConclusionsHRS-4642 was well tolerated in heavily pretreated pts with advanced solid tumors, with promising activity observed in KRAS G12D-mutant NSCLC and PDAC. These data support further investigation of HRS-4642, including in combination regimens.916O - Preliminary phase I results of INCB161734, a novel oral KRAS G12D inhibitor, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumorsSpeakers:Jayesh Desai (Melbourne, Australia)BackgroundKirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) G12D is the most common oncogenic mutation of KRAS, occurring in ∼40% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and ∼15% of colorectal cancers (CRC). INCB161734 is a novel, non-covalent, highly selective ON/OFF KRAS G12D small molecule inhibitor.MethodsThis ongoing phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation/dose-expansion study (NCT06179160) is enrolling adult patients (pts) with select advanced or metastatic solid tumors and documented KRAS G12D mutation. The study includes Part 1 monotherapy (1a/1b dose escalation/expansion, 1c pharmacodynamics [PD] cohort) and Part 2 combination therapies. In Part 1a and 1c, INCB161734 was dosed from 200–1600 mg qd to assess safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, PD, and identify recommended doses for expansion. Early serial ctDNA assessments were implemented to inform dose escalation.ResultsAs of March 10, 2025, 36 pts in Parts 1a and 1c had received INCB161734. Histology included PDAC (n=20), CRC (n=12), ovarian cancer (n=2), other (n=2). Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in all pts. Treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) in ≥15% of pts were nausea (67%), diarrhea (58%), vomiting (50%), fatigue (22%), and lipase increased (17%); predominantly grade 1 and 2. No pt had serious or fatal TRAEs, or TRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation. No pt had a protocol-defined DLT; 2 out of 3 pts receiving 1600 mg qd required dose reductions, thus this dose was not expanded further. At therapeutic doses, the geometric mean steady state exposures exceeded the preclinical IC95 threshold. At doses ≥600 mg qd (n=27), 8 pts (30%) had partial responses (PR), and 23 pts (85%) had disease control (PR + stable disease); pts with PR included 4 with PDAC, 2 CRC, 1 ovarian, and 1 CUP. Among pts with detectable G12D in plasma ctDNA, 65% had early molecular response (>90% reduction), including responders.ConclusionsResults show promising early clinical efficacy and a manageable safety profile of INCB161734 in heavily pre-treated pts with KRAS G12D mutated, advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Monotherapy expansion at 600 and 1200 mg qd is ongoing, and combinations with standard therapies in CRC and PDAC are enrolling. Updated data will be presented.Clinical trial identificationNCT06179160.2215O - HRS-4642 combined with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in KRAS-G12D mutant advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase Ib/II studySpeakers:Liwei Wang (Shanghai, China)BackgroundCombination of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GA) remains first-line treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). KRAS-G12D inhibitors, by blocking MEK/ERK phosphorylation, may further improve GA’s efficacy in KRAS-G12D mutant PDAC. We conducted a phase 1b/2 study to assess HRS-4642, a novel KRAS-G12D inhibitor, combined with GA in patients (pts) with advanced KRAS-G12D mutant PDAC.MethodsEligible pts with advanced KRAS-G12D mutant PDAC received HRS-4642 (500 mg on day 1 and 1200 mg on day 8, intravenous infusion [IV] Q3W) in combination with GA (gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8, IV Q3W; nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8, IV Q3W).ResultsAs of Apr 10, 2025, a total of 31 pts were enrolled, including 1 previously treated pt and 30 treatment-naïve pts. With a median follow-up of 4.4 months, 26 (83.9%) pts remained on treatment. The previously treated pt achieved stable disease for over 7 months following the study treatment and continued to receive the treatment at the data cutoff. For the treatment-naïve pts, the confirmed objective response rate was 60.0% (95% CI 40.6%-77.3%) (Table). Among the 18 responders, objective responses were still ongoing in 17 pts, and the median duration of response was immature. Three progression events (10.0%) occurred among the 30 treatment-naïve pts, with progression-free survival data remaining immature at the data cutoff. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 77.4% (24/31) of pts. The most common grade ≥ 3 TRAEs (incidence ≥ 10%) were decreased neutrophil count (61.3%), decreased white blood cell count (45.2%) and anemia (12.9%). There were no TRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation and no treatment-related deaths. Efficacy outcomes HRS-4642 + GA Previously untreated pts (n = 30)
ConclusionsHRS-4642 combined with GA showed encouraging antitumor activity and manageable safety profile in advanced KRAS-G12D mutant PDAC. Follow-up is ongoing for long-term efficacy and safety data.Clinical trial identificationNCT06520488, 2024-07-25.1514O - First-in-human phase I study of TCR-T therapy targeting KRAS G12V in metastatic solid tumorsSpeakers:Xueli Bai (Hangzhou, China)BackgroundAbout 10% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and 30% of pancreatic cancers (PC) harbor the KRAS p.G12V mutation, a critical driver of tumorigenesis. To date, no clinical data have been reported for TCR-engineered T cell therapies targeting this mutation. NW-301V is a novel TCR-T therapy composed of autologous T cells transduced with a naturally selected TCR specific for the KRAS p.G12V neoantigen presented by HLA-A*11:01. In addition, NW-301V T cells co-express the CD8αβ co-receptor to further enhance functionality. Here, we present initial findings from the first-in-human, investigator-initiated phase 1 study of NW-301V in patients (pts) with metastatic CRC and PC.MethodsThe study uses a modified 3+3 design with 3 dose levels (DLs): 3e8 (2-5e8), 1.5e9 (1-4e9) and 7.5e9 (5-12e9) transduced CD8 T cells. Pts undergo apheresis for NW-301V manufacture, and lymphodepletion (LD) with fludarabine (30mg/m2/day) and cyclophosphamide (500mg/m2/day) for 3 days, prior to NW-301V infusion. Low-dose IL-2 (500,000 IU) is administered s.c. twice a day for 10 days post infusion. Primary objectives are to assess the safety, tolerability, and determine MTD and RP2D. Secondary objectives include evaluating PK and preliminary efficacy.ResultsAs of Feb 28th, 2025, DL1 and DL2 enrollment have completed. 8 pts (median age 57 yrs) have been treated, including 4 at DL1 (all PCs) and 4 at DL2 (all CRCs). The pts had received a median of 3 prior systemic therapies. NW-301V was well tolerated with most adverse events being hematological toxicities related to LD. Two pts had Grade 1-2 CRS. No ICANS, DLTs, or deaths have been observed. According to RECIST 1.1, the best overall responses were evaluated as PR in 3 pts (1 PC at DL1 and 2 CRCs at DL2), SD in 2 pts (both CRC at DL2) and PD in 3 pts (all PCs at DL1). Overall response rate was 37.5% (3/8) across both DLs and 50% (2/4) at DL2. Disease control rate was 62.5% (5/8) across both DLs and 100% (4/4) at DL2. In 2 pts, responses deepened from SD at week 4 to PR at week 8. All PRs and SDs lasted >3 months.ConclusionsInitial results confirm that NW-301V demonstrates a favorable safety profile and promising anti-tumor activity in KRAS G12V-mutated PCs and CRCs. Ongoing dose escalation aims to further assess anti-tumor efficacy at higher doses and establish the RP2D.
(来源:《肿瘤瞭望》编辑部)
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