A Phase 2 Trial of SX-682 and Atezolizumab in Patients With Advanced NSCLC Who Progressed on Prior Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Therapy

This phase II trial tests how well SX-682 and atezolizumab works for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that may have spread from where it first started to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body (advanced) or that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic), and has come back after a period of improvement (recurrent). SX-682 blocks proteins that may be able to stimulate the immune system to kill and eliminate tumor cells. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as atezolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving SX-682 and atezolizumab may be effective for the treatment of advanced or metastatic, recurrent NSCLC.

开始日期2026-06-01

申办/合作机构

University of Washington

[+3]

NCT07002320

/ Recruiting临床1/2期IIT

ASpiRE: A Proof-of-mechanism and Proof-of-concept Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Biological and Anti-tumour Activity of Apalutamide With Dual CXCR1 and CXCR2 Blockade by SX-682 for Men Suffering From Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)

ASpiRE will investigate the effect of the drug SX-682 in combination with Apalutamide in men suffering from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

开始日期2025-04-28

申办/合作机构

The Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital

[+7]

NCT06622005

/ Recruiting临床1期IIT

Phase 1 Trial of SX-682, a CXCR 1/2 Inhibitor, in Combination With Standard of Care Treatment in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)

This phase I trial tests the safety and side effects of SX-682 in combination with standard of care treatment carfilzomib, daratumumab-hyaluronidase, and dexamethasone in treating patients with multiple myeloma that has come back after a period of improvement (relapsed) or that has not responded to previous treatment (refractory). SX-682 works by blocking certain sites on cells that suppress the ability of the immune system to destroy tumor cells. Blocking those specific sites allows other cells of the immune system to become "free" to kill tumor cells. Carfilzomib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Daratumumab is in a class of medications called monoclonal antibodies. It binds to a protein called CD38, which is found on some types of immune cells and tumor cells, including myeloma cells. Daratumumab may block CD38 and help the immune system kill tumor cells, while hyaluronidase helps to deliver daratumumab to CD38-expressing tumor cells through a subcutaneous injection. Dexamethasone is in a class of medications called corticosteroids. It is known to kill myeloma cells and is also used to reduce inflammation and lower the body's immune response to monoclonal antibodies like dratumumab and help lessen its side effects. Giving SX-682 in combination with carfilzomib, daratumumab-hyaluronidase and dexamethasone may be safe and tolerable in treating patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

开始日期2025-04-10

申办/合作机构

Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

100 项与 SX-682 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 SX-682 相关的转化医学

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100 项与 SX-682 相关的专利（医药）

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项与 SX-682 相关的文献（医药）

2026-05-01·CANCER LETTERS

DysUFMylation reprograms immunosuppressive neutrophils to potentiate anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Article

作者: Yi, Yong ; Hu, Zhiqiu ; Su, Yipeng ; Chen, Wei ; Han, Zeping ; Gao, Xukang ; Sun, Guoqiang ; Qiu, Song ; Qiu, Shuangjian ; Xu, Min ; Hung, Mien-Chie ; Zhou, Chenhao

Immune checkpoint blockade has been used to treat transformed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical benefit remains limited, underscoring the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of resistance and predictive biomarkers. Here, we identified that UFL1-mediated UFMylation plays a critical role in remodeling the immune microenvironment of HCC. Low UFL1 expression enhanced CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration and cytotoxicity while reducing tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) infiltration and N2-like polarization, which correlated with an improved immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, UFL1 deficiency impaired the stability of PRMT5, thus inhibiting the DNA binding ability of NF-κB p65 and reducing the expression of CXCL8. This led to decreased neutrophil infiltration and N2 polarization, ultimately enhancing the CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated immune response. Low UFL1 expression synergized with anti-PD-1 therapy to prolong survival in orthotopic and spontaneous HCC models, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling using SX-682 recapitulated these effects. Clinically, patients who responded to immunotherapy exhibited reduced UFL1, PRMT5 and CXCL8 expression; decreased neutrophil infiltration; elevated CD8⁺ T-cell activity; and lower serum CXCL8 levels. These findings reveal a UFL1-PRMT5-NF-κB p65-CXCL8 axis that governs neutrophil-driven immunosuppression and identify CXCL8 as both a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target to optimize immunotherapy in patients with HCC.

2026-02-01·BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

CXCR2 antagonism as a promising therapeutic approach for pulmonary fibrosis therapy

Article

作者: Resende, Filipe ; Melo, Eliza Mathias ; Soriani, Frederico Marianetti ; Teixeira, Mauro Martins ; Brandolini, Laura ; Dutra, Rafael Cypriano ; Queiroz-Junior, Celso Martins ; Bianchini, Gianluca ; Ascenção, Fernando Roque ; Aramini, Andrea ; Tomassetti, Mara ; Amatruda, Mario

Pulmonary inflammation is a central feature of several chronic lung diseases. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 plays a key role in regulating recruitment and activation of leukocytes and other cell types involved in acute and chronic inflammation of the lungs. In this study, we evaluated and compared the anti-inflammatory effects of four CXCR2 antagonists - DF2755A, AZD-5069, SX-682, and SCH527123 - in a murine model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal bleomycin and were treated once a day with known active doses of the antagonists by oral gavage. Following disease induction through bleomycin inoculation on day 0, animals were either treated at days 0-2 and then evaluated at day 2 (focus on the early inflammatory response) or treated from days 0-16 (preventive schedule) or from days 8-16 (therapeutic schedule) and then evaluated at day 16 (focus on fibrosis). We assessed inflammatory responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue by analyzing total and differential leukocyte counts, cytokine levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, BALF protein content, and lung histopathology. All compounds displayed anti-inflammatory effects (day 2), with DF2755A and AZD-5069 standing out for their greater efficacy in reducing early neutrophils influx. Importantly, DF2755A and SX-682 were particularly effective in mitigating fibrosis and chronic inflammatory changes when administered in both preventive and therapeutic schedules, even at later stages of disease progression. These findings underscore the potential of CXCR2 antagonism, especially with DF2755A, as a promising strategy to limit inflammation and fibrosis in experimental lung injury.

2024-12-31·OncoImmunology

CXCR1/2 antagonism inhibits neutrophil function and not recruitment in cancer

Article

作者: Kwak, Jeff W. ; Camai, Alex ; Houghton, A. McGarry ; Nguyen, Helena Q. ; Zhu, Xiaodong ; Randolph, Timothy W. ; Mekvanich, Surapat ; Huffman, Grace M. ; Kenney, Naia N.

The level of tumor and circulating CXCR1/2-expressing neutrophils and CXCR1/2 ligands correlate with poor patient outcomes, inversely correlate with tumoral lymphocyte content, and predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment failure. Accordingly, CXCR2-selective and CXCR1/2 dual inhibitors exhibit activity both as single agents and in combination with ICI treatment in mouse tumor models. Based on such reports, clinical trials combining CXCR1/2 axis antagonists with ICI treatment for cancer patients are underway. It has been assumed that CXCR1/2 blockade impacts tumors by blocking neutrophil chemotaxis and reducing neutrophil content in tumors. Here, we show that while CXCR2 antagonism does slow tumor growth, it does not preclude neutrophil recruitment into tumor. Instead, CXCR1/2 inhibition alters neutrophil function by blocking the polarization of transcriptional programs toward immune suppressive phenotypes and rendering neutrophils incapable of suppressing lymphocyte proliferation. This is associated with decreased release of reactive oxygen species and Arginase-1 into the extracellular milieu. Remarkably, these therapeutics do not impact the ability of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill ingested bacteria. Taken together, these results mechanistically explain why CXCR1/2 inhibition has been active in cancer but without infectious complications.

项与 SX-682 相关的新闻（医药）

2025-12-26

·小药说药

肿瘤免疫治疗中的趋化因子

-01- 引言趋化因子是负责免疫细胞运输和淋巴组织发育的细胞因子亚家族。目前，据报道有50种不同的趋化因子，根据其主要蛋白质结构的前两个半胱氨酸（C）残基的位置，可分为四大类，即C、CC、CXC和CX3C趋化因子。每个免疫细胞亚群都有不同的趋化因子受体表达模式，这使得它们对趋化因子有不同的反应，并根据每个环境的特殊需要迁移。在癌症中，它们在免疫细胞迁移到肿瘤中的模式中起着关键作用，从而形成肿瘤微环境的免疫特征，通常朝向促肿瘤形成状态。此外，趋化因子可以直接靶向肿瘤微环境中的非免疫细胞，包括肿瘤细胞、基质细胞和血管内皮细胞。因此，趋化因子参与多种癌症发展过程，如血管生成、转移、癌细胞增殖、干性和侵袭性，是疾病进展的关键决定因素，对患者预后和治疗反应有很大影响。由于它们在癌细胞和免疫浸润细胞中重要的调节功能，使得趋化因子配体及其受体成为非常强大的治疗靶点。 -02- 一、趋化因子在肿瘤免疫中的作用免疫逃避和免疫抑制细胞的募集趋化因子在引导免疫细胞迁移中起着至关重要的作用，而免疫细胞迁移是启动和传递有效的抗肿瘤免疫反应所必需的。TME中的趋化因子分泌通常会发生改变，异常的趋化因子分布可促进免疫抑制的促肿瘤细胞（即Treg细胞、MDSC和TAM）分化和浸润到肿瘤中。 Treg细胞的趋化因子受体CCR4的表达高于其他CD4+T细胞，其响应CCL22，一种由TAM和原发肿瘤细胞产生的趋化因子。除了CCR4外，Treg细胞还可以表达其他能够介导其浸润TME的趋化因子受体，如CCR5或CCR10，其配体CCL28存在于TME的缺氧区域。巨噬细胞主要通过CCL2–CCR2信号通路招募到TME中。CCL2的肿瘤表达与许多肿瘤中TAM的数量相关，并且通常与患者预后不良相关。与Treg细胞一样，TAM也可以抑制肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）特异性CD8+T细胞活化。与TAM非常相似，髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）也可以通过CCL2–CCR2信号被招募到TEM中。此外，诱导单核细胞向肿瘤募集的其他趋化因子还有CCL5、CCL7、CCL15、CXCL8和CXCL12。浆细胞样树突状细胞（pDC）是一种罕见的免疫细胞，也能抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应。肿瘤和基质细胞产生CXCL12，它是趋化因子受体CXCR4的配体，由pDCs表达。因此，CXCL12是pDC进入TME的关键分子。此外，CXCL12还对pDC发挥保护作用，防止其发生凋亡，延长其免疫抑制作用。肿瘤生长与进展一些研究表明，趋化因子信号系统通过不同的机制参与肿瘤生长和进展。癌细胞表达的趋化因子受体与肿瘤相关成纤维细胞、肿瘤细胞和TME浸润性免疫细胞分泌的各自配体之间的相互作用可直接激活PI3K/AKT和ERK 1/2等信号通路，导致癌细胞增殖。肿瘤细胞上趋化因子受体的病理性过度表达和TME中趋化因子配体的分泌可加剧这些效应。此外，趋化因子可以通过在肿瘤细胞中产生促凋亡和抗凋亡蛋白之间的失衡，例如下调Bcl-2表达或抑制caspase-3和caspase-9激活来维持癌细胞存活，从而避免肿瘤细胞凋亡。某些免疫细胞的趋化因子募集也有助于肿瘤的发生。分泌IL-22的T辅助细胞（TH22）是TME中常见的免疫细胞亚群，已被证明通过多种途径支持肿瘤发生，特别是在结肠癌中。它们表达趋化因子受体CCR6，并向TME中存在的配体CCL20迁移，在那里它们能够通过细胞因子表达增加肿瘤细胞的干性和致瘤潜能。血管生成趋化因子及其各自的受体被认为是肿瘤血管系统的关键调节因子，在肿瘤血管生成中具有双重作用。根据N端是否存在ELR（Glu-Leu-Arg）基序，CXC趋化因子可分为两类：ELR+趋化因子和ELR−趋化因子。通过激活CXCR1和CXCR2发挥作用的ELR+CXC趋化因子，包括CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CXCL5、CXCL6、CXCL7和CXCL8，具有血管生成作用。相反，ELR−CXC趋化因子，如CXCL4、CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11和CXCL14被认为是血管生成抑制剂。趋化因子可以通过直接与内皮细胞上的趋化因子受体相互作用作为肿瘤血管生成介质，从而改善迁移和增殖以及内皮细胞存活。此外，趋化因子还可能通过促进TME中产生血管生成因子的白细胞的募集间接发挥作用，从而增强血管生成。趋化因子还可以与其他血管生成促进剂协同作用，如血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。另一方面，趋化因子还具有抑制肿瘤血管生成和内皮细胞增殖的活性。例如，CXCL4和CXCL10是具有血管抑制特性的趋化因子，包括抑制由成纤维细胞生长因子和VEGF诱导的血管生成以及阻止内皮细胞趋化性和增殖。此外，CXCL9、CXCL10和CXCL11与表达CXCR3的免疫细胞的相互作用可能招募具有血管抑制功能的细胞。促进转移大量研究证实了趋化因子系统在肿瘤转移中的关键作用。据报道，癌细胞上的趋化因子受体表达可以确定其转移的部位。这些转移部位产生的特异性趋化因子可以促进循环癌细胞迁移到“转移前生态位”，这为转移细胞的生长提供了有利的环境。多种趋化因子和趋化因子受体与转移有关，CXCL12/CXCR4轴代表了这一现象的关键因素，在不同的肿瘤中已证实其参与肿瘤转移。参与癌症转移的其他趋化因子的例子有CCR7，它通过与转移部位分泌的CCL19和CCL21配体相互作用，介导癌细胞向淋巴器官的迁移；CCL28是CCR3/CCR10的配体，与乳腺癌生长和转移扩散相关；CCR10/CCL27信号支持转移扩散期间黑色素瘤细胞的粘附和存活，CXCR5/CXCL13相互作用似乎支持前列腺癌的骨转移。 -03- 二、趋化因子的靶向治疗目前，临床已批准的靶向趋化因子的药物包括：抗CCR4抗体（Mogamulizumab）和CXCR4拮抗剂（Plerixafor，AMD3100），用于血液恶性肿瘤。此外，还有更多的针对不同趋化因子受体-配体轴作为癌症治疗策略的多种努力，这些治疗策略目前已表现出巨大的潜力，正处于临床开发中。 CCR1 CCR1在几种类型的癌症中过表达，并与免疫抑制细胞浸润和转移增加有关。以CCR1为靶点的大多数治疗益处来源于减少MDSC浸润，最终抑制肿瘤生长和转移。选择性CCR1拮抗剂CCX721能够通过阻断破骨细胞减少多发性骨髓瘤（MM）骨病小鼠模型中的肿瘤负担和溶骨性病变。另一项研究报告称，使用受体拮抗剂BL5923抑制CCR1可抑制未成熟髓样细胞的募集，减少转移性结肠癌，显著延长结肠癌肝转移小鼠的生存期。CCR1拮抗剂CCX9588与抗PD-L1抗体的组合已被证明是一种很有前途的治疗方法，因为它通过抑制原位乳腺癌小鼠模型中的原发肿瘤生长和肺转移产生协同抗肿瘤作用。最近，在卵巢癌的小鼠模型中，小分子CCR1抑制剂UCB35625也能够减少细胞向大网膜的迁移，而大网膜是此类癌症的优先转移部位。总的来说，这些结果表明，以CCR1为靶点是一种可行的治疗策略，可以限制转移并延缓疾病进展。 CCR2，CCL2 已证明CCL2/CCR2轴能够将免疫抑制细胞（如MDSC和促进转移的单核细胞）招募到TME中，阻断CCL2/CCR2轴已在几种恶性肿瘤中显示出抗肿瘤作用。一些研究集中于CCR2抑制剂对胰腺癌的治疗，使用口服CCR2抑制剂PF-04136309，通过在体内小鼠模型中抑制CCR2信号来靶向TAM，可提高化疗疗效、阻断转移和增加抗肿瘤T细胞反应。在转移性胰腺导管腺癌的Ib/II期试验（NCT02732938）中，该分子与Abraxane（nab紫杉醇）和吉西他滨联合使用获得了良好的结果。另一项II期临床试验评估了CCR2抑制剂与常规化疗方案FOLFIRINOX（FX）联合应用于边缘可切除或局部晚期胰腺导管腺癌患者，证实了该疗法的安全性和耐受性。值得注意的是，使用小分子CCX872抑制CCR2提高了在胰腺癌小鼠模型中抗PD-1/ PD-L1免疫疗法的治疗效果。另一项评估CCR2拮抗剂RDC018对肝细胞癌的临床前研究显示，其抑制了肿瘤生长和转移，减少了术后复发，延长了生存期。 CCL2是受体CCR2的主要配体，阻断CCL2通过增强放疗的效果和预防转移在临床前研究中显示出抗肿瘤活性。然而，抗CCL2的单抗carlumab（CNTO 888）在实体瘤（NCT00992186）和转移性前列腺癌（NCT00537368）的1期和2期临床试验中，由于其无法降低CCL2血清水平，未能证明临床益处。 CCR4 CCR4除了是调节性T细胞的主要趋化因子受体，还在几种T细胞恶性肿瘤中过表达。抗CCR4抗体Mogamulizumab最初用于治疗难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤，目前在日本用于治疗复发性成人T细胞白血病，并在皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的III期临床试验中成功提高了无进展生存率和生活质量。 Mogamulizumab是一种人源化单克隆抗体，具有一个去岩藻糖基化的Fc区域，以增强效应细胞结合，能够通过抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）诱导恶性T细胞消除。两项独立临床试验表明，Mogamulizumab可单独或与抗PD-1抗体Nivolumab联合安全用于晚期或转移性实体瘤的治疗。目前，还有一些其他的CCR4疗法正在开发中，包括抗CCR4 CAR-T细胞，已证明其对几种T细胞恶性肿瘤有效，以及小分子CCR4拮抗剂，能够通过防止Treg诱导提高抗癌疫苗的效力。 CCR5 抗CCR5的人源化单克隆抗体leronlimab和小分子CCR5抑制剂maraviroc和vicriviroc在几种恶性肿瘤中均显示出有希望的结果。这三种药物均能阻断免疫缺陷小鼠体内人乳腺癌异种移植物的转移，并能增强DNA损伤化疗药物对细胞的杀伤作用。Maraviroc和vicriviroc还能够在前列腺癌小鼠模型中减少全身、骨骼和大脑中的细胞转移，而Maraviroc在结直肠癌模型中限制癌相关成纤维细胞的聚集，导致肿瘤生长减少。此外，maraviroc在一项临床试验（MARACON）中显示了有希望的结果，该试验降低了对标准化疗无效的结直肠癌患者的肿瘤细胞生长，而另外两项临床试验分别评估了Pembrolizumab与maraviroc或Vicriviroc对难治性微卫星稳定结直肠癌的联合抑制作用，结果显示，延长了疾病稳定时间，生存率高于预期。目前正在对CCR5+转移性癌症患者进行其他临床试验，以评估CCR5拮抗剂与其它药物的组合。 CCR7 CCR7中和疗法在许多临床前模型中显示了有希望的结果。在前列腺癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌模型中，通过siRNA或miRNA沉默CCR7基因表达导致转移和肿瘤生长减少。抗CCR7单克隆抗体在T细胞淋巴细胞白血病异种移植小鼠模型中显示出诱导肿瘤细胞死亡，并减少或避免中枢神经系统疾病的能力，而单链抗CCR7抗体在体外模型中成功阻止T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞通过血脑屏障。 CXCR2 CXCR2–CXCLs轴是一个重要的趋化因子，CXCR2–CXCLs轴促进肿瘤进展的机制很多，但最显著的是与中性粒细胞募集到TME和促进血管生成有关。 CXCR2的中和在各种临床前癌症模型中显示出了有希望的结果，通常作为联合治疗的一部分来规避化疗耐药性。在黑色素瘤模型中，CXCR2抑制剂Navarixin与MAPK抑制具有协同作用，而抑制剂SB225002改善了卵巢肿瘤模型中索拉非尼的抗血管生成治疗。CXCR1和CXCR2抑制剂Reparixin与5-氟尿嘧啶联合使用时，也能够改善胃癌模型中的肿瘤细胞凋亡并减少肿瘤体积。AZ13381758是一种CXCR2的小分子抑制剂，与吉西他滨联合使用时，能够减少胰腺导管腺癌模型的转移并显著延长寿命。目前，七种CXCR2抑制剂正在多项临床试验中进行研究，其中四种用于治疗转移性恶性肿瘤。其中包括用于治疗前列腺癌（2期）、头颈部鳞状细胞癌（1b/2期）和胰腺导管癌（1b/2期）的AZD5069/AZD9150；Reparixin用于治疗乳腺癌（2期）；Navarixin用于治疗前列腺癌和非小细胞癌（2期）；SX-682用于治疗III期和IV期黑色素瘤（1期）。 CXCR4 鉴于CXCR4与多种恶性肿瘤的生长和扩散具有无可争议的临床相关性，在过去十年中，已经开发出许多CXCR4靶向的肽和非肽拮抗剂。 CXCR4拮抗剂，如AMD3100和AMD3465，通过介导来自骨髓环境的肿瘤细胞的转运，增强了传统疗法的临床疗效。复发性AML患者的I/II期研究（NCT00512252）提供的数据显示，CXCR4/CXCL12轴阻断的体内疗效与令人鼓舞的缓解率之间的相关性。人源化CXCR4抗体PF-06747143在包括NHL、AML和MM在内的多种血液肿瘤模型中显示出强烈的抗肿瘤作用。在急性髓系淋巴瘤患者中进行了一项I期试验（NCT02954653），评估其安全性和耐受性，但由于主办方的原因，该试验不幸终止。最近，另一种抗CXCR4抗体ulocuplumab（BMS-936564）的Ib/II期试验（NCT01359657）证实，阻断CXCR4–CXCL12轴是安全的，并且与来那度胺和地塞米松联合治疗复发性/难治性骨髓瘤患者具有较高的应答率。 CXCR4抑制剂在实体瘤中也被证明具有重要的抗癌潜力。目前有几项临床试验正在评估CXCR4拮抗剂对胶质母细胞瘤患者的临床益处。一项I/II期试验（NCT01977677）研究了plerixafor在替莫唑胺和放射治疗后的副作用和最佳剂量，结果显示，plerixafor未观察到剂量限制性毒性，并且似乎在RT后抑制CXCL4介导的血管生成，增强了放射治疗的效果。除脑肿瘤外，AMD3465还能够预防体内乳腺癌生长和转移，而新型环肽CXCR4拮抗剂LY2510924在各种实体瘤和转移性乳腺癌临床前模型中显示出抗肿瘤活性。LY2510924在一期试验（NCT02737072）中进行试验，耐受性良好。对于HER2阴性转移性乳腺癌患者，CXCR4拮抗剂balixafortide作为单一疗法以及与其他药物联合使用的I期试验（NCT01837095）取得了有希望的初步结果。值得注意的是，CXCR4抑制也被证明能促进强烈的抗肿瘤T细胞反应。卵巢癌临床前模型中的CXCR4阻断能显著增加T细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应，使AMD3100治疗的小鼠具有显著的生存优势。BPRCX807是一种选择性和有效的CXCR4拮抗剂，最近在肝细胞癌小鼠模型的体外和体内试验中显示了良好的效果。 -04- 结语趋化因子是一大类协调免疫细胞运输的趋向性的细胞因子。鉴于趋化因子在肿瘤免疫反应和肿瘤生物学中发挥着的多方面作用，趋化因子网络已成为潜在的免疫治疗靶点。趋化因子受体及其配体之间存在非常复杂的相互作用，为了引入新一代基于趋化因子调节的免疫肿瘤治疗策略，迫切需要深入了解肿瘤微环境生物学以及更好的预测性临床模型。尽管面临挑战，大量针对不同趋化因子信号通路的趋化因子受体抑制剂目前正在临床前研究和临床试验中进行评估，并且与常规化疗或免疫检查点疗法结合使用时，显示出有希望的结果。因此，可以预测，在不久的将来，趋化因子受体抑制剂将用于调节TME的组成并优化患者的免疫反应，为肿瘤患者带来希望。参考资料： 1.Chemokine-Directed Tumor MicroenvironmentModulation in Cancer Immunotherapy. 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2025-03-27

·小药说药

肿瘤免疫治疗中的趋化因子：解码微环境中的“导航信号”

-01- 引言趋化因子是负责免疫细胞运输和淋巴组织发育的细胞因子亚家族。目前，据报道有50种不同的趋化因子，根据其主要蛋白质结构的前两个半胱氨酸（C）残基的位置，可分为四大类，即C、CC、CXC和CX3C趋化因子。每个免疫细胞亚群都有不同的趋化因子受体表达模式，这使得它们对趋化因子有不同的反应，并根据每个环境的特殊需要迁移。在癌症中，它们在免疫细胞迁移到肿瘤中的模式中起着关键作用，从而形成肿瘤微环境的免疫特征，通常朝向促肿瘤形成状态。此外，趋化因子可以直接靶向肿瘤微环境中的非免疫细胞，包括肿瘤细胞、基质细胞和血管内皮细胞。因此，趋化因子参与多种癌症发展过程，如血管生成、转移、癌细胞增殖、干性和侵袭性，是疾病进展的关键决定因素，对患者预后和治疗反应有很大影响。由于它们在癌细胞和免疫浸润细胞中重要的调节功能，使得趋化因子配体及其受体成为非常强大的治疗靶点。 -02- 一、趋化因子在肿瘤免疫中的作用免疫逃避和免疫抑制细胞的募集趋化因子在引导免疫细胞迁移中起着至关重要的作用，而免疫细胞迁移是启动和传递有效的抗肿瘤免疫反应所必需的。TME中的趋化因子分泌通常会发生改变，异常的趋化因子分布可促进免疫抑制的促肿瘤细胞（即Treg细胞、MDSC和TAM）分化和浸润到肿瘤中。 Treg细胞的趋化因子受体CCR4的表达高于其他CD4+T细胞，其响应CCL22，一种由TAM和原发肿瘤细胞产生的趋化因子。除了CCR4外，Treg细胞还可以表达其他能够介导其浸润TME的趋化因子受体，如CCR5或CCR10，其配体CCL28存在于TME的缺氧区域。巨噬细胞主要通过CCL2–CCR2信号通路招募到TME中。CCL2的肿瘤表达与许多肿瘤中TAM的数量相关，并且通常与患者预后不良相关。与Treg细胞一样，TAM也可以抑制肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）特异性CD8+T细胞活化。与TAM非常相似，髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）也可以通过CCL2–CCR2信号被招募到TEM中。此外，诱导单核细胞向肿瘤募集的其他趋化因子还有CCL5、CCL7、CCL15、CXCL8和CXCL12。浆细胞样树突状细胞（pDC）是一种罕见的免疫细胞，也能抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应。肿瘤和基质细胞产生CXCL12，它是趋化因子受体CXCR4的配体，由pDCs表达。因此，CXCL12是pDC进入TME的关键分子。此外，CXCL12还对pDC发挥保护作用，防止其发生凋亡，延长其免疫抑制作用。肿瘤生长与进展一些研究表明，趋化因子信号系统通过不同的机制参与肿瘤生长和进展。癌细胞表达的趋化因子受体与肿瘤相关成纤维细胞、肿瘤细胞和TME浸润性免疫细胞分泌的各自配体之间的相互作用可直接激活PI3K/AKT和ERK 1/2等信号通路，导致癌细胞增殖。肿瘤细胞上趋化因子受体的病理性过度表达和TME中趋化因子配体的分泌可加剧这些效应。此外，趋化因子可以通过在肿瘤细胞中产生促凋亡和抗凋亡蛋白之间的失衡，例如下调Bcl-2表达或抑制caspase-3和caspase-9激活来维持癌细胞存活，从而避免肿瘤细胞凋亡。某些免疫细胞的趋化因子募集也有助于肿瘤的发生。分泌IL-22的T辅助细胞（TH22）是TME中常见的免疫细胞亚群，已被证明通过多种途径支持肿瘤发生，特别是在结肠癌中。它们表达趋化因子受体CCR6，并向TME中存在的配体CCL20迁移，在那里它们能够通过细胞因子表达增加肿瘤细胞的干性和致瘤潜能。血管生成趋化因子及其各自的受体被认为是肿瘤血管系统的关键调节因子，在肿瘤血管生成中具有双重作用。根据N端是否存在ELR（Glu-Leu-Arg）基序，CXC趋化因子可分为两类：ELR+趋化因子和ELR−趋化因子。通过激活CXCR1和CXCR2发挥作用的ELR+CXC趋化因子，包括CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CXCL5、CXCL6、CXCL7和CXCL8，具有血管生成作用。相反，ELR−CXC趋化因子，如CXCL4、CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11和CXCL14被认为是血管生成抑制剂。趋化因子可以通过直接与内皮细胞上的趋化因子受体相互作用作为肿瘤血管生成介质，从而改善迁移和增殖以及内皮细胞存活。此外，趋化因子还可能通过促进TME中产生血管生成因子的白细胞的募集间接发挥作用，从而增强血管生成。趋化因子还可以与其他血管生成促进剂协同作用，如血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。另一方面，趋化因子还具有抑制肿瘤血管生成和内皮细胞增殖的活性。例如，CXCL4和CXCL10是具有血管抑制特性的趋化因子，包括抑制由成纤维细胞生长因子和VEGF诱导的血管生成以及阻止内皮细胞趋化性和增殖。此外，CXCL9、CXCL10和CXCL11与表达CXCR3的免疫细胞的相互作用可能招募具有血管抑制功能的细胞。促进转移大量研究证实了趋化因子系统在肿瘤转移中的关键作用。据报道，癌细胞上的趋化因子受体表达可以确定其转移的部位。这些转移部位产生的特异性趋化因子可以促进循环癌细胞迁移到“转移前生态位”，这为转移细胞的生长提供了有利的环境。多种趋化因子和趋化因子受体与转移有关，CXCL12/CXCR4轴代表了这一现象的关键因素，在不同的肿瘤中已证实其参与肿瘤转移。参与癌症转移的其他趋化因子的例子有CCR7，它通过与转移部位分泌的CCL19和CCL21配体相互作用，介导癌细胞向淋巴器官的迁移；CCL28是CCR3/CCR10的配体，与乳腺癌生长和转移扩散相关；CCR10/CCL27信号支持转移扩散期间黑色素瘤细胞的粘附和存活，CXCR5/CXCL13相互作用似乎支持前列腺癌的骨转移。 -03- 二、趋化因子的靶向治疗目前，临床已批准的靶向趋化因子的药物包括：抗CCR4抗体（Mogamulizumab）和CXCR4拮抗剂（Plerixafor，AMD3100），用于血液恶性肿瘤。此外，还有更多的针对不同趋化因子受体-配体轴作为癌症治疗策略的多种努力，这些治疗策略目前已表现出巨大的潜力，正处于临床开发中。 CCR1 CCR1在几种类型的癌症中过表达，并与免疫抑制细胞浸润和转移增加有关。以CCR1为靶点的大多数治疗益处来源于减少MDSC浸润，最终抑制肿瘤生长和转移。选择性CCR1拮抗剂CCX721能够通过阻断破骨细胞减少多发性骨髓瘤（MM）骨病小鼠模型中的肿瘤负担和溶骨性病变。另一项研究报告称，使用受体拮抗剂BL5923抑制CCR1可抑制未成熟髓样细胞的募集，减少转移性结肠癌，显著延长结肠癌肝转移小鼠的生存期。CCR1拮抗剂CCX9588与抗PD-L1抗体的组合已被证明是一种很有前途的治疗方法，因为它通过抑制原位乳腺癌小鼠模型中的原发肿瘤生长和肺转移产生协同抗肿瘤作用。最近，在卵巢癌的小鼠模型中，小分子CCR1抑制剂UCB35625也能够减少细胞向大网膜的迁移，而大网膜是此类癌症的优先转移部位。总的来说，这些结果表明，以CCR1为靶点是一种可行的治疗策略，可以限制转移并延缓疾病进展。 CCR2，CCL2 已证明CCL2/CCR2轴能够将免疫抑制细胞（如MDSC和促进转移的单核细胞）招募到TME中，阻断CCL2/CCR2轴已在几种恶性肿瘤中显示出抗肿瘤作用。一些研究集中于CCR2抑制剂对胰腺癌的治疗，使用口服CCR2抑制剂PF-04136309，通过在体内小鼠模型中抑制CCR2信号来靶向TAM，可提高化疗疗效、阻断转移和增加抗肿瘤T细胞反应。在转移性胰腺导管腺癌的Ib/II期试验（NCT02732938）中，该分子与Abraxane（nab紫杉醇）和吉西他滨联合使用获得了良好的结果。另一项II期临床试验评估了CCR2抑制剂与常规化疗方案FOLFIRINOX（FX）联合应用于边缘可切除或局部晚期胰腺导管腺癌患者，证实了该疗法的安全性和耐受性。值得注意的是，使用小分子CCX872抑制CCR2提高了在胰腺癌小鼠模型中抗PD-1/ PD-L1免疫疗法的治疗效果。另一项评估CCR2拮抗剂RDC018对肝细胞癌的临床前研究显示，其抑制了肿瘤生长和转移，减少了术后复发，延长了生存期。 CCL2是受体CCR2的主要配体，阻断CCL2通过增强放疗的效果和预防转移在临床前研究中显示出抗肿瘤活性。然而，抗CCL2的单抗carlumab（CNTO 888）在实体瘤（NCT00992186）和转移性前列腺癌（NCT00537368）的1期和2期临床试验中，由于其无法降低CCL2血清水平，未能证明临床益处。 CCR4 CCR4除了是调节性T细胞的主要趋化因子受体，还在几种T细胞恶性肿瘤中过表达。抗CCR4抗体Mogamulizumab最初用于治疗难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤，目前在日本用于治疗复发性成人T细胞白血病，并在皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的III期临床试验中成功提高了无进展生存率和生活质量。 Mogamulizumab是一种人源化单克隆抗体，具有一个去岩藻糖基化的Fc区域，以增强效应细胞结合，能够通过抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）诱导恶性T细胞消除。两项独立临床试验表明，Mogamulizumab可单独或与抗PD-1抗体Nivolumab联合安全用于晚期或转移性实体瘤的治疗。目前，还有一些其他的CCR4疗法正在开发中，包括抗CCR4 CAR-T细胞，已证明其对几种T细胞恶性肿瘤有效，以及小分子CCR4拮抗剂，能够通过防止Treg诱导提高抗癌疫苗的效力。 CCR5 抗CCR5的人源化单克隆抗体leronlimab和小分子CCR5抑制剂maraviroc和vicriviroc在几种恶性肿瘤中均显示出有希望的结果。这三种药物均能阻断免疫缺陷小鼠体内人乳腺癌异种移植物的转移，并能增强DNA损伤化疗药物对细胞的杀伤作用。Maraviroc和vicriviroc还能够在前列腺癌小鼠模型中减少全身、骨骼和大脑中的细胞转移，而Maraviroc在结直肠癌模型中限制癌相关成纤维细胞的聚集，导致肿瘤生长减少。此外，maraviroc在一项临床试验（MARACON）中显示了有希望的结果，该试验降低了对标准化疗无效的结直肠癌患者的肿瘤细胞生长，而另外两项临床试验分别评估了Pembrolizumab与maraviroc或Vicriviroc对难治性微卫星稳定结直肠癌的联合抑制作用，结果显示，延长了疾病稳定时间，生存率高于预期。目前正在对CCR5+转移性癌症患者进行其他临床试验，以评估CCR5拮抗剂与其它药物的组合。 CCR7 CCR7中和疗法在许多临床前模型中显示了有希望的结果。在前列腺癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌模型中，通过siRNA或miRNA沉默CCR7基因表达导致转移和肿瘤生长减少。抗CCR7单克隆抗体在T细胞淋巴细胞白血病异种移植小鼠模型中显示出诱导肿瘤细胞死亡，并减少或避免中枢神经系统疾病的能力，而单链抗CCR7抗体在体外模型中成功阻止T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞通过血脑屏障。 CXCR2 CXCR2–CXCLs轴是一个重要的趋化因子，CXCR2–CXCLs轴促进肿瘤进展的机制很多，但最显著的是与中性粒细胞募集到TME和促进血管生成有关。 CXCR2的中和在各种临床前癌症模型中显示出了有希望的结果，通常作为联合治疗的一部分来规避化疗耐药性。在黑色素瘤模型中，CXCR2抑制剂Navarixin与MAPK抑制具有协同作用，而抑制剂SB225002改善了卵巢肿瘤模型中索拉非尼的抗血管生成治疗。CXCR1和CXCR2抑制剂Reparixin与5-氟尿嘧啶联合使用时，也能够改善胃癌模型中的肿瘤细胞凋亡并减少肿瘤体积。AZ13381758是一种CXCR2的小分子抑制剂，与吉西他滨联合使用时，能够减少胰腺导管腺癌模型的转移并显著延长寿命。目前，七种CXCR2抑制剂正在多项临床试验中进行研究，其中四种用于治疗转移性恶性肿瘤。其中包括用于治疗前列腺癌（2期）、头颈部鳞状细胞癌（1b/2期）和胰腺导管癌（1b/2期）的AZD5069/AZD9150；Reparixin用于治疗乳腺癌（2期）；Navarixin用于治疗前列腺癌和非小细胞癌（2期）；SX-682用于治疗III期和IV期黑色素瘤（1期）。 CXCR4 鉴于CXCR4与多种恶性肿瘤的生长和扩散具有无可争议的临床相关性，在过去十年中，已经开发出许多CXCR4靶向的肽和非肽拮抗剂。 CXCR4拮抗剂，如AMD3100和AMD3465，通过介导来自骨髓环境的肿瘤细胞的转运，增强了传统疗法的临床疗效。复发性AML患者的I/II期研究（NCT00512252）提供的数据显示，CXCR4/CXCL12轴阻断的体内疗效与令人鼓舞的缓解率之间的相关性。人源化CXCR4抗体PF-06747143在包括NHL、AML和MM在内的多种血液肿瘤模型中显示出强烈的抗肿瘤作用。在急性髓系淋巴瘤患者中进行了一项I期试验（NCT02954653），评估其安全性和耐受性，但由于主办方的原因，该试验不幸终止。最近，另一种抗CXCR4抗体ulocuplumab（BMS-936564）的Ib/II期试验（NCT01359657）证实，阻断CXCR4–CXCL12轴是安全的，并且与来那度胺和地塞米松联合治疗复发性/难治性骨髓瘤患者具有较高的应答率。 CXCR4抑制剂在实体瘤中也被证明具有重要的抗癌潜力。目前有几项临床试验正在评估CXCR4拮抗剂对胶质母细胞瘤患者的临床益处。一项I/II期试验（NCT01977677）研究了plerixafor在替莫唑胺和放射治疗后的副作用和最佳剂量，结果显示，plerixafor未观察到剂量限制性毒性，并且似乎在RT后抑制CXCL4介导的血管生成，增强了放射治疗的效果。除脑肿瘤外，AMD3465还能够预防体内乳腺癌生长和转移，而新型环肽CXCR4拮抗剂LY2510924在各种实体瘤和转移性乳腺癌临床前模型中显示出抗肿瘤活性。LY2510924在一期试验（NCT02737072）中进行试验，耐受性良好。对于HER2阴性转移性乳腺癌患者，CXCR4拮抗剂balixafortide作为单一疗法以及与其他药物联合使用的I期试验（NCT01837095）取得了有希望的初步结果。值得注意的是，CXCR4抑制也被证明能促进强烈的抗肿瘤T细胞反应。卵巢癌临床前模型中的CXCR4阻断能显著增加T细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应，使AMD3100治疗的小鼠具有显著的生存优势。BPRCX807是一种选择性和有效的CXCR4拮抗剂，最近在肝细胞癌小鼠模型的体外和体内试验中显示了良好的效果。 -04- 结语趋化因子是一大类协调免疫细胞运输的趋向性的细胞因子。鉴于趋化因子在肿瘤免疫反应和肿瘤生物学中发挥着的多方面作用，趋化因子网络已成为潜在的免疫治疗靶点。趋化因子受体及其配体之间存在非常复杂的相互作用，为了引入新一代基于趋化因子调节的免疫肿瘤治疗策略，迫切需要深入了解肿瘤微环境生物学以及更好的预测性临床模型。尽管面临挑战，大量针对不同趋化因子信号通路的趋化因子受体抑制剂目前正在临床前研究和临床试验中进行评估，并且与常规化疗或免疫检查点疗法结合使用时，显示出有希望的结果。因此，可以预测，在不久的将来，趋化因子受体抑制剂将用于调节TME的组成并优化患者的免疫反应，为肿瘤患者带来希望。参考资料： 1.Chemokine-Directed Tumor MicroenvironmentModulation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep; 22(18): 9804. 公众号内回复“ADC”或扫描下方图片中的二维码免费下载《抗体偶联药物：从基础到临床》的PDF格式电子书！公众号已建立“小药说药专业交流群”微信行业交流群以及读者交流群，扫描下方小编二维码加入，入行业群请主动告知姓名、工作单位和职务。

免疫疗法

2024-10-10

·PRNewswire

Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Pipeline Appears Robust With 90+ Key Pharma Companies Actively Working in the Therapeutics Segment | DelveInsight

Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) refers to prostate cancer that has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body and continues to progress despite treatments that lower testosterone levels (androgen deprivation therapy or ADT) major pharmaceutical companies are heavily investing in research and development of new treatments, including immunotherapy (e.g., sipuleucel-T) and targeted therapies, which are seen as the next frontier in treating mCRPC. The use of precision medicine to identify genetic profiles in patients has further expanded the potential for targeted treatment. LAS VEGAS , Oct. 10, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's ' Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pipeline Insight 2024 ' report provides comprehensive global coverage of pipeline mCRPC therapies in various stages of clinical development, major pharmaceutical companies are working to advance the pipeline space and future growth potential of the mCRPC pipeline domain. Key Takeaways from the Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pipeline Report DelveInsight's mCRPC pipeline report depicts a robust space with 90+ active players working to develop 100+ pipeline therapies for mCRPC treatment. Key mCRPC companies such as Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Zenith Epigenetic, Eli Lilly and Company, Astellas Pharma, Seagen, Pfizer, Progenics Pharmaceutical, Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Accutar Biotechnology Inc, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Forma Therapeutics, Inc., HALDA THERAPEUTICS INC., Tavanta Therapeutics, Lantheus, Pfizer, AB Science, Syntrix Pharmaceuticals, Exelixis, Laekna Therapeutics Shanghai Co. Ltd., Cardiff Oncology, Ipsen, Norroy Bioscience, Astellas Pharma, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Tempest Therapeutics, and others are evaluating new mCRPC drugs to improve the treatment landscape. Promising mCRPC pipeline therapies such as REGN 4336, Capivasertib, Deutenzalutamide, ZEN003694, Abemaciclib, Enfortumab vedotin, Talazoparib, I-131-1095, Pelgifatamab corixetan, AC176, HP518, FT-7051, HLD-0915, TAVT-45, PNT2002, Mevrometostat, Masitinib, SX-682, XL092, LAE001, Onvansertib, Tazemetostat, 177Lu-NYM032, PRL-02, 225 Actinium PSMA 617, ARX51, TPST-1120, and others are under different phases of mCRPC clinical trials. In October 2024, Curium announced that it had entered into a strategic partnership with PDRadiopharma Inc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of PeptiDream, for the clinical development, regulatory filing, and commercialization in Japan of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T and 64Cu-PSMA-I&T. The two agents 177Lu-PSMA-I&T and 64Cu-PSMA-I&T target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expressed on prostate cancer cells and are being investigated for prostate cancer treatment and diagnostics. In July 2024, the US FDA granted fast-track designation to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeted radiopharmaceutical 225Ac-FL-020 for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In July 2024, Merck and Orion Corporation announced the mutual exercise of option providing Merck global exclusive rights to Opevesostat, an investigational CYP11A1 inhibitor, for the treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. In July 2024, the US FDA granted fast-track designation to the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) BNT324/DB-1311 to potentially treat patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) whose disease had progressed on or after standard systemic regimens. In July 2024, FutureChem announced that the FC-705 has received orphan drug designation from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) for the treatment of prostate cancer. In June 2024, CAR T-Cell Therapy demonstrated promising results for mCRPC according to Phase I trial results. In January 2024, Lava Therapeutics announced that it has signed a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Merck to evaluate its prostate cancer therapy LAVA-1207 as a combination treatment with MSD's Keytruda (pembrolizumab). In July 2024, Blue Earth Therapeutics announced the signing of a clinical research collaboration with University College London (UCL). The collaboration is centered on a Phase I/II trial designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, radiation dosimetry, and antitumor activity of the 225Ac-rhPSMA-10.1 in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer who have previously responded to lutetium 177 (177Lu)-PSMA therapy. Request a sample and discover the recent advances in mCRPC treatment drugs @ Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pipeline Report The mCRPC pipeline report provides detailed profiles of pipeline assets, a comparative analysis of clinical and non-clinical stage mCRPC drugs, inactive and dormant assets, a comprehensive assessment of driving and restraining factors, and an assessment of opportunities and risks in the mCRPC clinical trial landscape. Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Overview Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer that continues to grow and spread despite hormone therapy aimed at lowering testosterone levels. The term "metastatic" refers to cancer spreading to other parts of the body, such as the bones, lymph nodes, or distant organs, while "castration-resistant" indicates that the cancer no longer responds to treatments that reduce testosterone, a key driver of prostate cancer growth. mCRPC is typically more aggressive and challenging to treat than earlier stages of prostate cancer. The causes of mCRPC stem from genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations in the androgen receptor pathway can make cancer cells less dependent on testosterone, allowing them to thrive even under hormone-suppressing treatments. Environmental factors like diet, lifestyle, and exposure to certain chemicals may also contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer. Symptoms of mCRPC often include pain in bones, fatigue, difficulty urinating, weight loss, and general weakness. As the cancer spreads, it can impair the function of other organs, depending on the site of metastasis. Diagnosis of mCRPC usually involves a combination of tests, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood tests, imaging studies like CT scans, MRIs, or bone scans, and sometimes biopsies to confirm the spread and resistance to treatment. Treatment options for mCRPC are more complex and may include newer hormonal therapies (e.g., abiraterone, enzalutamide), chemotherapy (docetaxel or cabazitaxel), immunotherapy (e.g., sipuleucel-T), or targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors. Bone-targeting therapies, radiation, and palliative care can also be used to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life. Treatment is typically tailored to the individual based on the extent of the disease and the patient health. Find out more about mCRPC treatment drugs @ Drugs for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treatment A snapshot of the mCRPC Pipeline Drugs mentioned in the report: Learn more about the emerging mCRPC pipeline therapies @ Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Therapeutics Assessment The mCRPC pipeline report proffers an integral view of the mCRPC emerging novel therapies segmented by stage, product type, molecule type, mechanism of action, and route of administration. Scope of the Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pipeline Report Coverage: Global Therapeutic Assessment By Product Type: Mono, Combination, Mono/Combination Therapeutic Assessment By Clinical Stages: Discovery, Pre-clinical, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III Therapeutics Assessment By Route of Administration: Oral, Intravenous, Subcutaneous Therapeutics Assessment By Molecule Type: Small molecule, Cell therapy, Peptides, Polymer, Small molecule, Gene therapy Therapeutics Assessment By Mechanism of Action: Androgen receptor degradation enhancers, Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, Proto-oncogene protein c-akt inhibitors, Androgen receptor antagonists, Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein inhibitors, Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitors, Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 inhibitors, Ionizing radiation emitters, PPAR alpha antagonists. Key Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Companies: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Zenith Epigenetic, Eli Lilly and Company, Astellas Pharma, Seagen, Pfizer, Progenics Pharmaceutical, Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Accutar Biotechnology Inc, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Forma Therapeutics, Inc., HALDA THERAPEUTICS INC., Tavanta Therapeutics, Lantheus, Pfizer, AB Science, Syntrix Pharmaceuticals, Exelixis, Laekna Therapeutics Shanghai Co. Ltd., Cardiff Oncology, Ipsen, Norroy Bioscience, Astellas Pharma, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Tempest Therapeutics, and others. Key Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pipeline Therapies: REGN 4336, Capivasertib, Deutenzalutamide, ZEN003694, Abemaciclib, Enfortumab vedotin, Talazoparib, I-131-1095, Pelgifatamab corixetan, AC176, HP518, FT-7051, HLD-0915, TAVT-45, PNT2002, Mevrometostat, Masitinib, SX-682, XL092, LAE001, Onvansertib, Tazemetostat, 177Lu-NYM032, PRL-02, 225 Actinium PSMA 617, ARX51, TPST-1120, and others. Dive deep into rich insights for new drugs for mCRPC treatment, visit @ Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Drugs Table of Contents For further information on the mCRPC Cancer pipeline therapeutics, reach out @ Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treatment Drugs Related Reports Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Market Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, market share of the individual therapies, and key mCRPC companies including AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, Modra Pharmaceuticals, AB Science, Eli Lilly and Company, Zr Pharma & GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Exelixis, Takeda, Janssen Research & Development, Tesaro, Lantheus Holdings, Kintor Pharmaceutical, MacroGenics, Daiichi Sankyo, Madison Vaccines, Novartis, Point Biopharma, Xencor, Essa Pharma, Telix International, Bayer, Arvinas, among others. Metastatic Prostate Cancer Market Metastatic Prostate Cancer Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, market share of the individual therapies, and key metastatic prostate cancer companies including AstraZeneca, Arvinas, Madison Vaccines, Phosplatin Therapeutics, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, MacroGenics, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Modra Pharmaceuticals, Xencor, Point Biopharma, Lantheus Holdings, Zenith Epigenetics, Essa Pharma, Telix Pharmaceuticals, Kintor Pharmaceutical, AB Science, Eli Lilly and Company, Exelixis among others. Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Market Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, market share of the individual therapies, and key mCSPC companies including Myovant Sciences, Pfizer, Bayer, Orion, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Janssen, Merck, Eli Lilly, among others. Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Pipeline Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key mCSPC companies, including Myovant Sciences, Pfizer, Bayer, Orion, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Janssen, Merck, Eli Lilly, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

快速通道免疫疗法临床1期临床结果

100 项与 SX-682 相关的药物交易

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研发状态

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
晚期非小细胞肺癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2026-06-01
转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2024-11-18
胰腺腺癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2023-11-08
胰腺腺癌	临床2期	美国	BeOne Medicines Ltd.	2023-11-08
转移性非小细胞肺癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2023-04-06
复发性非小细胞肺癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2023-04-06
结肠转移性腺癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2020-10-14
转移性结直肠癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2020-10-14
转移性微卫星稳定结直肠癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2020-10-14
RAS 突变结直肠癌	临床2期	美国	Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.	2020-10-14

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临床结果

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT03161431 (ASCO2024) 人工标引	临床1期	转移性黑色素瘤	51	PEM682SX-682g BID	鬱窪繭壓艱膚範顧鑰憲(糧餘鹽鹹襯選願網觸蓋) = NO identified 鹽獵製鑰製蓋鏇顧夢鑰 (襯製鑰築餘觸膚壓鬱構 ) 更多	积极	2024-05-24
				PEM + SX-682SX-682(200 mg) expanded BID 150 mg
NCT04245397 (HL142389, ASH 12022 \| ASH 22022) 人工标引	临床1期	骨髓增生异常综合征	17	SX-682	壓夢艱範糧膚襯壓範膚(夢廠夢簾鑰糧艱鬱構製) = 選範艱獵繭窪夢憲餘築餘簾鑰範製構構醖獵衊 (築鑰鏇艱餘構網襯願鹹 )	积极	2022-11-15
				SX-682 (25 mg)	膚鏇壓製願齋遞蓋鬱糧(膚繭製築憲憲襯鹽築獵) = 範醖製鹽糧憲夢築觸醖鹹蓋衊鑰糧壓淵衊膚製 (糧鏇積製鹹餘膚鬱鬱淵 )